Human Associations Help to Detect Conventionalized Multiword Expressions

In this paper we show that if we want to obtain human evidence about conventionalization of some phrases, we should ask native speakers about associations they have to a given phrase and its component words. We have shown that if component words of a phrase have each other as frequent associations, then this phrase can be considered as conventionalized. Another type of conventionalized phrases can be revealed using two factors: low entropy of phrase associations and low intersection of component word and phrase associations. The association experiments were performed for the Russian language

Specific Features of Assessment Communicative Strategy in an American and Russian Entertaining TV‑shows

На материале двух версий вокального телепроекта – американского “The Voice” и российского «Голос» – рассматриваются особенности коммуникативного поведения наставников проекта. Одной из основных коммуникативных стратегий в рамках американского и русского вариантов телевизионного развлекательного шоу является публичное оценивание участников проекта наставниками конкурса. Предметом исследования стали коммуникативные тактики, реализующие стратегию оценивания. Данные тактики анализируются в аспекте характеристик американского и русского коммуникативного поведения, представленных в ряде исследований (И. А. Стернин, Ю. Е. Прохоров, Т. В. Ларина, G. Althen). Среди основных черт американского коммуникативного поведения выделяются общительность, эмоциональность, открытость, коммуникативный демократизм, активная самопрезентация и др. К типичным русским чертам относятся общительность, эмоциональность, искренность, высокая оценочность, коммуникативная доминантность и др. При описании коммуникативных тактик учитываются такие факторы, как особенности формата телепроекта, публичность общения, собственный имидж наставников. По результатам исследования установлено, что самой популярной тактикой и в американской, и в российской версиях шоу является тактика «самопрезентация» (30 % примеров в каждом случае). Вторым по частотности коммуникативным приемом стала тактика «восхищение» (26 % и 15 % соответственно). Таким образом, стратегия оценивания и ее тактический арсенал, использованные в высказываниях, во многом определяются традиционными коммуникативными признаками, характерными для обеих культурBased on the material of two versions of the vocal TV project “The Voice” (American and Russian), the article dwells upon the features of the communicative behavior of the project coaches. One of the main communication strategies within the framework of the American and Russian versions of the television entertainment show is the public assessment of the project participants by the mentors of the competition. The subject of the research is communicative tactics that implement the assessment strategy. These tactics are analyzed in terms of the characteristics of American and Russian communicative behavior presented in a number of studies (I. A. Sternin, Yu. E. Prokhorov, T. V. Larina, G. Althen).Among the main features of American communicative behavior one can distinguish sociability, emotionality, openness, communicative democracy, active self-presentation, etc. Russians peculiarities include sociability, emotionality, sincerity, high degree of assessment, communicative dominance, etc. When describing communicative tactics, such factors as the format of the TV project, publicity of communication, a personal image of the coaches are also taken into the account. The results of the study show that the most popular tactic in both American and Russian versions of the show is the “self-presentation” tactic (30 % of examples in each case). The second most frequent communication technique is the “admiration” tactic (26 % and 15 %, respectively). Thus, the assessment strategy and its tactical arsenal used in statements are largely determined by traditional communicative features and characteristics of both culture

Comparative Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in Patients With Schizophrenia in Three Western Siberia Psychiatric Hospitals

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of MetS and the associated sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics of patients with schizophrenia in three psychiatric hospitals in the West Siberian region. Methods: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20) and an age between 18 and 60 years were included in the study after giving informed consent. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. This research was carried out at three Western Siberian psychiatric hospitals in Kemerovo, Tomsk, and Omsk. The study population included respectively 94, 131, and 91 inpatients with schizophrenia. We carried out schizophrenia symptoms assessment by PANSS, antipsychotic therapy evaluation, anthropometry, and biochemical analysis. Statistical Analysis included the Shapiro–Wilk test, non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis H-test for independent samples, Mann–Whitney U-test for independent samples, the chi-square test, stepwise multiple regression analyses. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: The metabolic syndrome prevalence was higher among patients in Tomsk (36.6%), compared with Kemerovo (20.2%, p = 0.008) or Omsk (18.7%, p = 0.004), mainly due to the high prevalence of abdominal obesity, while men from Tomsk were more susceptible to this condition than men from other regions (p < 0.05). Patients from Omsk had the highest severity schizophrenia symptoms according to PANSS, and patients from Tomsk had the lowest severity of positive symptoms according to PANSS. Patients from Tomsk had the minimum duration of antipsychotic therapy compared with the patient from Kemerovo (p = 0.017) and from Omsk (p = 0.000019), but most patients from Tomsk received second-generation atypical antipsychotics, while patients from Omsk received mainly conventional antipsychotics (p = 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed that metabolic syndrome associated with schizophrenia duration and body mass index, although the association was not so strong (adjusted R(2) = 0.2435, p < 0.0001). Discussion: The study illustrates that in different psychiatric hospitals within the same region, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia can vary significantly, which dictates the need to look for opportunities to minimize the risk of its occurrence, taking into account the experience of each hospital

The functional state of girls with high motor fitness in the conditions of digitalization

The article aims at revealing the functional state of girls aged between six-seven and 10-11 years with a generally high level of key motor skills due to the intensive use of digital technologies. Experimental studies comprised practically healthy girls aged between six-seven (n>1,200 and n=60) and 10-11 years (n>1,000 and n=74). To assess the information load of children, the authors of the article determined the total screen time and the digitalization of their living conditions. The level of digitalization was studied based on a modified Informatization Index (Imod). The heart rate and blood pressure were recorded. Based on these measurements, the authors calculated average pressure, the vegetative index of Kerdo, double product, the Myznikov index and changes in the functional index. They measured chest circumference, the length and weight of the body to calculate the body mass index. The battery of motor fitness tests included a 30-meter sprint, front bend, three sets of a 10-meter shuttle run, sit-ups, a long jump, a 6-minute run, PWC170. Physical activity was studied using the adapted questionnaire “Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)” and the timing of motor actions. During the intensive use of digital technologies, girls aged between six-seven and 10-11 years with a high level of motor abilities could be characterized by the most favorable functional state of their body in comparison with the same children with insufficient motor fitness. They had the hypertonicity of the parasympathetic division of the vegetative nervous system, the predominance of the autonomous regulation of the heart rate over central regulation, the expanded adaptive capabilities of the organism, harmonious physical development and high physical activity. The study results give reason to believe that an increase in the level of motor fitness of preschoolers and primary school children can have a significant effect on improving the functional state of their bodies due to the intensive use of digital technologies

NLPR3 Inflammasomes and Their Significance for Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a serious disorder, with numerous potential complications such as cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. The origin of atherosclerosis is related to chronic inflammation, lipid metabolism alterations, and oxidative stress. Inflammasomes are the cytoplasmic multiprotein complex triggering the activation of inflammatory response. NLRP3 inflammasomes have a specific activation pathway that involves numerous stimuli, including a wide range of PAMPs and DAMPs. Recent studies of atherosclerotic pathology are focused on the mitochondria that appear to be a promising target for therapeutic approach development. Mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with oxidative stress. It was previously shown that NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in mitochondrial damage, but the exact mechanisms of this need to be specified. In this review, we focused on the features of NLRP3 inflammasomes and their significance for atherosclerosis, especially concerning mitochondria

Climaticaly Induced Dynamic of Radial Growth of Siberian Stone Pine and Siberian Fir in the Mountain-Taiga Belt in Ergaki National Park

В работе приводятся результаты дендроклиматических исследований, проведенных на верхней границе горно-таежного растительного пояса (1500-1600 м над уровнем моря) природного парка «Ергаки». Построено шесть древесно-кольцевых хронологий по кедру и пихте, перекрывающих временной интервал от 100 до 400 лет. Сравнительный анализ радиального прироста деревьев и основных климатических параметров среды (среднемесячной температуры воздуха и количества осадков) показал разный климатический отклик деревьев в зависимости от положения в рельефе. Для хронологий по кедру с участков I и II (Каменный город и Радужное) наиболее значимым фактором, определяющим прирост, являются температуры начала вегетационного периода (R=0,27, при p<0,05). Для кедра и пихты, произрастающих на склонах хребтов (Пик спасателей), наиболее значимо влияние температур июля (R=0,22-0,25, при p<0,05, соответственно). Использование хронологии по кедру для проведения адекватной реконструкции климата прошлого для исследуемого региона невозможно из-за низких значений регрессионного коэффициента (r2 = 0,07, при p<0,005)The results of dendroclimatic study were carrying out on the timber-line of mountain-taiga vegetation belt (1500-1600 m a.s.l.) in the Ergaki Natural Park. Six tree-ring chronologies for Siberian stone pine and Siberian fir were established. They covered the time period from 100 to 400 years. The comparison analysis between tree radial growth and the main climatic parameters of environment (monthly air temperature and amount of precipitation) showed the different climatic responses of trees depending on position in relief. The most significant factor determining the tree-ring growth for Siberian stone pine chronologies from site I and site II (Kamenniy gorod and Raduzhnoe) were the temperatures of the beginning of vegetation period (R=0,27, p<0,05). The temperatures of July were significantly correlated with tree-ring width of stone pine and fir (R=0,22 - 0,25, p<0,05, respectively) from the slopes (Peak Spasateley). Stone pine tree-ring chronology can not be used for the procedure of climatic reconstruction in the studied region because of low value of the regression coefficient (r2 = 0,07, p<0,005)

Climaticaly Induced Dynamic of Radial Growth of Siberian Stone Pine and Siberian Fir in the Mountain-Taiga Belt in Ergaki National Park

В работе приводятся результаты дендроклиматических исследований, проведенных на верхней границе горно-таежного растительного пояса (1500-1600 м над уровнем моря) природного парка «Ергаки». Построено шесть древесно-кольцевых хронологий по кедру и пихте, перекрывающих временной интервал от 100 до 400 лет. Сравнительный анализ радиального прироста деревьев и основных климатических параметров среды (среднемесячной температуры воздуха и количества осадков) показал разный климатический отклик деревьев в зависимости от положения в рельефе. Для хронологий по кедру с участков I и II (Каменный город и Радужное) наиболее значимым фактором, определяющим прирост, являются температуры начала вегетационного периода (R=0,27, при p<0,05). Для кедра и пихты, произрастающих на склонах хребтов (Пик спасателей), наиболее значимо влияние температур июля (R=0,22-0,25, при p<0,05, соответственно). Использование хронологии по кедру для проведения адекватной реконструкции климата прошлого для исследуемого региона невозможно из-за низких значений регрессионного коэффициента (r2 = 0,07, при p<0,005)The results of dendroclimatic study were carrying out on the timber-line of mountain-taiga vegetation belt (1500-1600 m a.s.l.) in the Ergaki Natural Park. Six tree-ring chronologies for Siberian stone pine and Siberian fir were established. They covered the time period from 100 to 400 years. The comparison analysis between tree radial growth and the main climatic parameters of environment (monthly air temperature and amount of precipitation) showed the different climatic responses of trees depending on position in relief. The most significant factor determining the tree-ring growth for Siberian stone pine chronologies from site I and site II (Kamenniy gorod and Raduzhnoe) were the temperatures of the beginning of vegetation period (R=0,27, p<0,05). The temperatures of July were significantly correlated with tree-ring width of stone pine and fir (R=0,22 - 0,25, p<0,05, respectively) from the slopes (Peak Spasateley). Stone pine tree-ring chronology can not be used for the procedure of climatic reconstruction in the studied region because of low value of the regression coefficient (r2 = 0,07, p<0,005)

Climaticaly Induced Dynamic of Radial Growth of Siberian Stone Pine and Siberian Fir in the Mountain-Taiga Belt in Ergaki National Park

В работе приводятся результаты дендроклиматических исследований, проведенных на верхней границе горно-таежного растительного пояса (1500-1600 м над уровнем моря) природного парка «Ергаки». Построено шесть древесно-кольцевых хронологий по кедру и пихте, перекрывающих временной интервал от 100 до 400 лет. Сравнительный анализ радиального прироста деревьев и основных климатических параметров среды (среднемесячной температуры воздуха и количества осадков) показал разный климатический отклик деревьев в зависимости от положения в рельефе. Для хронологий по кедру с участков I и II (Каменный город и Радужное) наиболее значимым фактором, определяющим прирост, являются температуры начала вегетационного периода (R=0,27, при p<0,05). Для кедра и пихты, произрастающих на склонах хребтов (Пик спасателей), наиболее значимо влияние температур июля (R=0,22-0,25, при p<0,05, соответственно). Использование хронологии по кедру для проведения адекватной реконструкции климата прошлого для исследуемого региона невозможно из-за низких значений регрессионного коэффициента (r2 = 0,07, при p<0,005)The results of dendroclimatic study were carrying out on the timber-line of mountain-taiga vegetation belt (1500-1600 m a.s.l.) in the Ergaki Natural Park. Six tree-ring chronologies for Siberian stone pine and Siberian fir were established. They covered the time period from 100 to 400 years. The comparison analysis between tree radial growth and the main climatic parameters of environment (monthly air temperature and amount of precipitation) showed the different climatic responses of trees depending on position in relief. The most significant factor determining the tree-ring growth for Siberian stone pine chronologies from site I and site II (Kamenniy gorod and Raduzhnoe) were the temperatures of the beginning of vegetation period (R=0,27, p<0,05). The temperatures of July were significantly correlated with tree-ring width of stone pine and fir (R=0,22 - 0,25, p<0,05, respectively) from the slopes (Peak Spasateley). Stone pine tree-ring chronology can not be used for the procedure of climatic reconstruction in the studied region because of low value of the regression coefficient (r2 = 0,07, p<0,005)

Stabilization of Nucleosomes by Histone Tails and by FACT Revealed by spFRET Microscopy

A correct chromatin structure is important for cell viability and is tightly regulated by numerous factors. Human protein complex FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) is an essential factor involved in chromatin transcription and cancer development. Here FACT-dependent changes in the structure of single nucleosomes were studied with single-particle Förster resonance energy transfer (spFRET) microscopy using nucleosomes labeled with a donor-acceptor pair of fluorophores, which were attached to the adjacent gyres of DNA near the contact between H2A-H2B dimers. Human FACT and its version without the C-terminal domain (CTD) and the high mobility group (HMG) domain of the structure-specific recognition protein 1 (SSRP1) subunit did not change the structure of the nucleosomes, while FACT without the acidic C-terminal domains of the suppressor of Ty 16 (Spt16) and the SSRP1 subunits caused nucleosome aggregation. Proteolytic removal of histone tails significantly disturbed the nucleosome structure, inducing partial unwrapping of nucleosomal DNA. Human FACT reduced DNA unwrapping and stabilized the structure of tailless nucleosomes. CTD and/or HMG domains of SSRP1 are required for this FACT activity. In contrast, previously it has been shown that yeast FACT unfolds (reorganizes) nucleosomes using the CTD domain of SSRP1-like Pol I-binding protein 3 subunit (Pob3). Thus, yeast and human FACT complexes likely utilize the same domains for nucleosome reorganization and stabilization, respectively, and these processes are mechanistically similar