A Query Matching Approach for Object Relational Databases Over Semantic Cache

The acceptance of object relational database has grown in recent years; however, their response time is a big concern. Especially, when large data are retrieved frequently on such databases from diverse servers, response time becomes alarming. Different techniques have been investigated to reduce the response time, and cache is among such techniques. Cache has three variants, namely tuple cache, page cache, and semantic cache. Semantic cache is more efficient compared to others due to capability to store already processed data with its semantics. A semantic cache stores data computed on demand rather than retrieved from the server. Several approaches proposed on relational databases over semantic caching but response time on relational database is unsatisfactory. Hence, we proposed object relational databases over semantic cache. It is a novelty because semantic cache is mature for evaluation of relational databases but not for object relational databases. In this research, the implementation of query matching on object relational database with semantic caching along with object query is investigated to reduce the response time. Then, a case study is conducted on an object relational database model, and an object (relational database) query with semantic segment is applied. Results depict significant improvement in query response time

Presence of BlaPER-1 and BlaVEB-1 Beta-Lactamase Genes among Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa from Burn and Trauma Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan

Pseudomonas aeruginosa spp are the most prevalent bacteria that cause nosocomial infections in hospitals. Most antibiotics, including novel new β-lactams, are already resistant to them, and they can become resistant during treatment, which can make the treatment fail. P. aeruginosa isolates from ICU patients who had Per-1 and VEB-1 were the main focus of this study. These two ESBLs are the two most common in ICU patients who had them. 50 isolates were gathered from Peshawar\u27s LRH ICU facilities in the year 2021. The antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute\u27s standards (CLSI). The combination disc test used to identify isolates that produce ESBLs. Ceftazidime MIC was determined using the agar dilution method using particular primers, the PER-1 and VEB-1 genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifty-six percent patients (n=40) male, whereas forty percent (n=25) were female. Augmentin (96.6%, n=61) and cefpodoxim (86.7%, n=55) resistance was found in the majority of ICU isolates. Fifty isolates (77%) tested positive for ESBL, with 94 percent (n=47) carrying the PER-1 gene and VEB-1 gene 52 percent (n=26). Ten isolates had blaPER1 and blaVEB1 present at the same time, and seven of them amplified all three genes. ESBL producers were found in a large number of ICU P. aeruginosa isolates. Although blaVEB1 and blaPER1 were found in a small number of isolates, their frequency was very high. Furthermore, carbapenem resistance was negligible. Because of drug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, it is vital to monitor ICU centers

CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT OF VIRAL EYE INFECTION

Introduction: The eye is a fascinating organ for several reasons. It is not only have a composite structure, however it is considered an immune-privileged organ. The anatomy of the eye is composed of the anterior and posterior parts, the line of division is posterior to the lens. The anterior chamber lies within the anterior segment and is an immuneprivileged anatomical location, this is due to the fact that the T-cell response in this area is suppressed This protects the eye from potentially destructive immune attacks however it also makes defence against infectious agents challenging, particularly where T-cell responses are critical for immunological defence. Viruses could get into the eye by direct inoculation, or through haematogenous or neuronal spread. The diagnoses of viral eye infections are usually clinical one, helped by taking a thorough history and performing ophthalmic examination. But in challenging cases the lab tests are essential. In this review, we will discuss the most recent evidence regarding Causes and management of viral eye infection Aim of work: In this review, we will discuss the most recent evidence regarding Causes and management of viral eye infection Methodology: We did a systematic search for Causes and management of viral eye infection using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). All relevant studies were retrieved and discussed. We only included full articles. Conclusions: A wide range of of viruses can affect the eye and cause viral eye infections, either as a primary infection or reactivation. Some affect the eye directly while the others indirectly but may still manifest with eye disease. One virus may affect several parts of the eye, while different viruses may cause the same eye disease. This could complicate the clinical diagnosis of viral eye disease, but the lab tests like PCR and antibody tests could assist in challenging cases where there may be diagnostic dilemma. The HIV epidemic has had an huge impact on ophthalmology clinics, this is because the virus can cause different eye diseases, and the associated decrease in cell-mediated immunity makes the person highly susceptible to opportunistic viral eye infections, sometimes with severe morbidity. There could be other viruses that may affect the eye that we did not discuss. Key words: Causes, management, viral eye infection

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis and Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report

The aim of reporting this case is to highlight the association of two disorders, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). They are usually seen in two different age groups and rarely together. PHPT is a rare cause of SCFE and only 10 cases have been reported in the literature worldwide. The patient in our report is a 13-year-old girl who presented to our clinic with bilateral knee pain and a waddling gait. Subsequent investigations showed that she had PHPT and SCFE with low bone mass. On admission, a parathyroidectomy was performed; then, the slipped femoral epiphyses were fixed with satisfactory results. A systematic algorithmic approach that was illustrated in a previously published case was used. Such cases should be managed with a systematic approach based on the patient's clinical status to prevent future morbidity. A literature review was conducted by performing a Medline search of all reported cases of PHPT and SCFEs

The Potential Effect of the IDH1 Mutation and MGMT Gene Promoter Methylation on the Control of Glioblastoma-Associated Epilepsy in Patients Receiving Anti-Epileptic Agents and Chemotherapies

Objectives:(a) The objective of the study was to assess the control of seizure in glioblastoma patients receiving anti-epileptic drugs and chemotherapies after total resection and its association with O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation; (b) to determine which anti-epileptic drug exerts the best effective control on glioblastoma-associated epilepsy; and (c) to identify the relationship between seizure control and anti-epileptic drugs with recurrence interval.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with postoperative glioblastoma-associated epilepsy. The correlation between IDH1 mutation and MGMT methylation with anti-epileptic drugs, chemotherapy type, seizure control, and recurrence interval was analyzed.Results:The study included 53 patients with glioblastoma-associated epilepsy. IDH1 mutation was present in 20 patients, and MGMT methylation was present in 13 patients. 37 cases received chemoradiotherapy while 16 cases received only radiotherapy. Levetiracetam was the most prescribed anti-epileptic drug (n=36, 60%), and 36 and 16 patients had controlled and uncontrolled seizures, respectively. IDH1 mutation and unmethylated MGMT were significantly present in cases with controlled epilepsy (p<0.05). Levetiracetam showed significantly better seizure control in cases with IDH1 mutation and unmethylated MGMT promotor (p<0.05).Conclusion:(a) Glioblastoma-associated epilepsy can be better controlled in patients with the IDH1 mutation and unmethylated MGMT, (b) levetiracetam was the first-line anti-epileptic drug for controlling seizure, (c) lack of seizure control in glioblastoma patients may not be related to tumor recurrence despite 1-year treatment, and (d) better understanding of the risk factors associated with glioma-associated epilepsy are needed to improve patient quality of life

Interlayer Defect Detection in Intra-Ply Hybrid Composite Material (GF/CF) Using a Capacitance-Based Sensor

Combining two types of reinforcement fiber in a common matrix may lead to different failure modes such as micro-cracks between the layers when the structure is subjected to lower stress levels. Real-time damage detection should be integrated into the hybrid composite structure to provide structural integrity and mitigate this problem. This paper outlines the working mechanisms and the fabrication of an integrated capacitive sensor in an intra-ply hybrid composite (2 &times; 2 twill weave). Uniaxial tensile and flexural tests were conducted to characterize the proposed sensor and provide self-sensing functionality (smart structure). The sensitivity and repeatability of the capacitive sensor were measured to be around 1.3 and 185 &micro;&Delta;C/Co, respectively. The results illustrate that onset of damage between layers can be detected by in situ monitoring. It can be seen that the initial damage was detected at the turning point where the relative change in capacitance begins to reduce while the load increases. Finite element modeling was also constructed to analyze the test results and explain the reasons behind the turning point. It was shown that the carbon yarns experienced high transverse shear stress (&tau;xz) in the crimp region, leading to inter-fiber cracks

Interlayer Defect Detection in Intra-Ply Hybrid Composite Material (GF/CF) Using a Capacitance-Based Sensor

Combining two types of reinforcement fiber in a common matrix may lead to different failure modes such as micro-cracks between the layers when the structure is subjected to lower stress levels. Real-time damage detection should be integrated into the hybrid composite structure to provide structural integrity and mitigate this problem. This paper outlines the working mechanisms and the fabrication of an integrated capacitive sensor in an intra-ply hybrid composite (2 × 2 twill weave). Uniaxial tensile and flexural tests were conducted to characterize the proposed sensor and provide self-sensing functionality (smart structure). The sensitivity and repeatability of the capacitive sensor were measured to be around 1.3 and 185 µΔC/Co, respectively. The results illustrate that onset of damage between layers can be detected by in situ monitoring. It can be seen that the initial damage was detected at the turning point where the relative change in capacitance begins to reduce while the load increases. Finite element modeling was also constructed to analyze the test results and explain the reasons behind the turning point. It was shown that the carbon yarns experienced high transverse shear stress (τxz) in the crimp region, leading to inter-fiber cracks

Inhibition of Microtubule Affinity Regulating Kinase 4 by Metformin: Exploring the Neuroprotective Potential of Antidiabetic Drug through Spectroscopic and Computational Approaches

Microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) regulates the mechanism of microtubules by its ability to phosphorylate the microtubule-associated proteins (MAP’s). MARK4 is known for its major role in tau phosphorylation via phosphorylating Ser262 residue in the KXGS motif, which results in the detachment of tau from microtubule. In lieu of this vital role in tau pathology, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), MARK4 is a druggable target to treat AD and other neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). There is growing evidence that NDs and diabetes are connected with many pieces of literature demonstrating a high risk of developing AD in diabetic patients. Metformin (Mtf) has been a drug in use against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for a long time; however, recent studies have established its therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), namely AD, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. In this study, we have explored the MARK4 inhibitory potential of Mtf, employing in silico and in vitro approaches. Molecular docking demonstrated that Mtf binds to MARK4 with a significant affinity of −6.9 kcal/mol forming interactions with binding pocket’s critical residues. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation provided an atomistic insight into the binding of Mtf with MARK4. ATPase assay of MARK4 in the presence of Mtf shows that it inhibits MARK4 with an IC50 = 7.05 µM. The results of the fluorescence binding assay demonstrated significant binding of MARK4 with a binding constant of 0.6 × 106 M−1. The present study provides an additional axis towards the utilization of Mtf as MARK4 inhibitor targeting diabetes with NDs