Immune responses to bile-tolerant Helicobacter species in patients with chronic liver diseases, a randomized population group, and healthy blood donors

Bile-tolerant Helicobacter species such as Helicobacter pullorum, Helicobacter bilis, and Helicobacter hepaticus are associated with hepatic disorders in animals and may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases (CLD) in humans. Antibody responses to cell surface proteins of H. pullorum, H. bilis, and H. hepaticus in serum samples from patients with CLD, a randomized population group, and healthy blood donors were evaluated by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were compared with the antibody responses to Helicobacter pylori. For analysis of a possible cross-reactivity between bile-tolerant Helicobacter species and H. pylori, sera from a subpopulation of each group were absorbed with a whole-cell extract of H. pylori and retested by ELISA. Results before absorption showed that the mean value of the ELISA units for H. pullorum was significantly higher in patients with CLD than in healthy blood donors (P = 0.01). Antibody reactivity to cell surface protein of H. hepaticus was also significantly higher in the CLD patients than in the healthy blood donors and the population group (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002, respectively). Following the absorption, antibody responses to H. pullorum decreased significantly in all three groups (P = 0.0001 for CLD patients, P = 0.0005 for the population group, and P < 0.0001 for the blood donors), indicating that cross-reactivity between H. pylori and other Helicobacter spp. occurs. The antibody responses to H. hepaticus and H. bilis in CLD patients remained high following absorption experiments compared to ELISA results before absorption. The significance of this finding requires further investigations

ISSUES OF ENSURING BUDGET SECURITY AS A LEGAL CATEGORY IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Digitalni razvoj društva određen je činjenicom da se svi aspekti razvoja tehničkog okruženja i formiranje na toj osnovi ravnotežnog procesa društvenog razvoja mogu izdvojiti kao strukturno obilježje nacionalne sigurnosti. Proračun kao izvor društvenog razvoja ima porezne, socijalne i socijalne temelje. Sve je to određeno potrebom za dodatnim istraživanjem pitanja vezanih uz formiranje mogućnosti održavanja vektora razvoja društva. Novost studije je da su sva pravna istraživanja ograničena na stvaranje samo okvirnih uvjeta, koji zauzvrat utječu na aspekte kao što je razvoj mehanizama odvraćanja. U radu autori utvrđuju mogućnost razvoja i formiranja kategorije proračunske sigurnosti na temelju modela koji je predviđen ne samo zakonskim uvjetima, već i reguliran informacijskim komponentama. Članak daje komponentni model, koji je određen činjenicom da čini zaštitni mehanizam zasnovan na zakonskoj odluci. Praktični značaj studije određuje činjenica da se proračunska sigurnost ističe ponajprije kao komponenta društvenog razvoja i može se razmatrati u svrhu poboljšanja i oblikovanja održivog razvoja društva u cjelini.The digital development of society is determined by the fact that all aspects of the development of the technical environment and the formation on this basis of an equilibrium process of social development can be singled out as a structural feature of national security. The budget as a source of social development has a tax, social and social foundation under it. All this is determined by the necessity for additional research on issues related to the formation of the possibility of maintaining the vector of development of society. The novelty of the study is that all legal research is limited to the formation of only framework conditions, which in turn affect such aspects as the development of deterrent mechanisms. In the work, the authors determine the possibility of development and formation of the budget security category on the basis of a model that is provided not only by legal conditions, but also regulated by information components. The article provides a component model, which is determined by the fact that it forms a protective mechanism based on a legal decision. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that budget security stands out primarily as a component of social development and can be considered in order to improve and shape the sustainable development of society as a whole

Beta interferon production is regulated by P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in macrophages via both MSK1/2-and tristetraprolin-dependent pathways

Autocrine or paracrine signaling by beta interferon (IFN-β) is essential for many of the responses of macrophages to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This feedback loop contributes to pathological responses to infectious agents and is therefore tightly regulated. We demonstrate here that macrophage expression of IFN-β is negatively regulated by mitogen- and stress-activated kinases 1 and 2 (MSK1/2). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of IFN-β was elevated in both MSK1/2 knockout mice and macrophages. Although MSK1 and -2 promote the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10, it did not strongly contribute to the ability of MSKs to regulate IFN-β expression. Instead, MSK1 and -2 inhibit IFN-β expression via the induction of dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), which dephosphorylates and inactivates the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). Prolonged LPS-induced activation of p38 and JNK, phosphorylation of downstream transcription factors, and overexpression of IFN-β mRNA and protein were similar in MSK1/2 and DUSP1 knockout macrophages. Two distinct mechanisms were implicated in the overexpression of IFN-β: first, JNKmediated activation of c-jun, which binds to the IFN-β promoter, and second, p38-mediated inactivation of the mRNA-destabilizing factor tristetraprolin, which we show is able to target the IFN-β mRNA

Racial differences in systemic sclerosis disease presentation: a European Scleroderma Trials and Research group study

Objectives. Racial factors play a significant role in SSc. We evaluated differences in SSc presentations between white patients (WP), Asian patients (AP) and black patients (BP) and analysed the effects of geographical locations.Methods. SSc characteristics of patients from the EUSTAR cohort were cross-sectionally compared across racial groups using survival and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results. The study included 9162 WP, 341 AP and 181 BP. AP developed the first non-RP feature faster than WP but slower than BP. AP were less frequently anti-centromere (ACA; odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, P &lt; 0.001) and more frequently anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies (ATA) positive (OR = 1.2, P = 0.068), while BP were less likely to be ACA and ATA positive than were WP [OR(ACA) = 0.3, P &lt; 0.001; OR(ATA) = 0.5, P = 0.020]. AP had less often (OR = 0.7, P = 0.06) and BP more often (OR = 2.7, P &lt; 0.001) diffuse skin involvement than had WP.AP and BP were more likely to have pulmonary hypertension [OR(AP) = 2.6, P &lt; 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.7, P = 0.03 vs WP] and a reduced forced vital capacity [OR(AP) = 2.5, P &lt; 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.4, P &lt; 0.004] than were WP. AP more often had an impaired diffusing capacity of the lung than had BP and WP [OR(AP vs BP) = 1.9, P = 0.038; OR(AP vs WP) = 2.4, P &lt; 0.001]. After RP onset, AP and BP had a higher hazard to die than had WP [hazard ratio (HR) (AP) = 1.6, P = 0.011; HR(BP) = 2.1, P &lt; 0.001].Conclusion. Compared with WP, and mostly independent of geographical location, AP have a faster and earlier disease onset with high prevalences of ATA, pulmonary hypertension and forced vital capacity impairment and higher mortality. BP had the fastest disease onset, a high prevalence of diffuse skin involvement and nominally the highest mortality

Influence of factors of raw fullness оn stability of territorial system of food maintenance

Authors consider factors raw filling and their influence on stability of regional system of food maintenance on the Republic Mordovia example

Strategic Planning of the Agribusiness Development in the Conditions of Import Substitution

For many years, the national agribusiness was not in good shape. Over the last years, the conditions of its functioning have changed drastically, which caused the tendency towards the growth of the entire agribusiness. The agricultural sector has become advanced in the import substitution policy. The paper contains the analysis of the agricultural output dynamics as part of the import substitution policy. The authors emphasize that the success of the implemented policy is connected with the consequential integration of the food security criteria into the strategy of social-economic growth of the country and its agribusiness.Durante muchos años, el sector agrícola nacional no estaba en las mejores condiciones. En los últimos años, las condiciones de su operación han cambiado radicalmente, y, por lo tanto, ha habido tendencias hacia un aumento en todo el AIC. El sector agrícola ha avanzado en la política de sustitución de importaciones. El artículo analiza la dinámica de la producción agrícola en el marco de la política de sustitución de importaciones. Los autores enfatizan que el éxito de la política implementada está relacionado con la integración constante de los criterios de seguridad alimentaria en la estrategia del desarrollo socioeconómico del país y el complejo agroindustrial

Seropositivity to Helicobacter pylori heat shock protein 60 is strongly associated with intensity of chronic inflammation, particularly in antrum mucosa: an extension of an 18-year follow-up study of chronic gastritis in Saaremaa, Estonia

Helicobacter pylori is a cause of chronic gastritis and leads to development of atrophy in some cases. There is evidence that the heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) of H. pylori is involved in induction of chronic inflammation. Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to H. pylori HSP60 in an adult cohort from Saaremaa, Estonia (68 persons, median age 57 years), with a high prevalence of antibodies to cell surface proteins of H. pylori (92%) and a well characterized dynamics of chronic gastritis in an 18-year follow-up study, was tested using purified H. pylori HSP60 at a concentration of 1 microg ml(-1) with ELISA. The state of the gastric mucosa and the presence of H. pylori in histological sections in the samples of 1979 and 1997 were assessed in accordance with the Sydney system. Seropositivity for H. pylori HSP60 was 65%. Immunological response to H. pylori HSP60 is associated with the morphological presence of H. pylori in the antrum and corpus (P=0.01) and is strongly correlated with the grade of chronic inflammation, particularly in the antrum mucosa (r=0.34; P=0.003; OR=5.97 (95% CI 1.21-29.3)), but is not associated with development of atrophy during 18 years of follow-up, or with the activity of gastritis. This finding supports the evidence that immunological response to H. pylori HSP60 may play a role in triggering of the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa