Dihidroksiaceton kao definitivni lijek za trovanje aluminijevim fosfidom u štakora

Aluminium phosphide (AlP), a very toxic pesticide also known as the rice tablet, releases phosphine gas upon contact with water, moisture, or gastric acid. Its mortality rate in humans is 70-100 % due to cardiogenic shock and refractory hypotension. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a simple ketonic carbohydrate, mainly used for sunless skin tanning. It also plays a beneficial role in the treatment of hypotension and cardiogenic shock by restoring blood volume and cellular respiration. The aim of this study was to investigate the its effect on the haemodynamics and electrocardiogram (ECG) in male rats poisoned with AlP. The animals were divided into the following groups: control (received 1 mL corn oil, orally), AlP (received 15 mg kg-1 AlP solved in corn oil, orally), AlP plus DHA (treated with 50 mg kg-1 of DHA 30 min after receiving AlP), and AlP plus N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (treated with 200 mg kg-1 of NAC 30 min after receiving AlP). The animals were then anaesthetised and ECG, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded for 120 min. Treatment with AlP alone and in combination with NAC was associated with progressive hypotension, tachycardia, and ECG disturbances in rats, resulting in 100 % mortality 3 h after poisoning. However, DHA achieved 100 % survival in the poisoned rats and prevented AlP-induced ECG and haemodynamic abnormalities. The main mechanism of DHA in the treatment of AlP poisoning is unclear, but the findings suggest the promising therapeutic potential of DHA against AlP poisoning.Aluminijev fosfid (AlP) je pesticid koji u dodiru s vodom, vlagom ili želučanom kiselinom oslobađa iznimno toksičan plin fosfin. Smrtnost u ljudi je od 70 do 100 % zbog srčanog šoka i refraktorne hipotenzije. Dihidroksiaceton (DHA) jednostavan je ketonski ugljikovodik koji se mahom rabi kao preparat za tamnjenje kože. Osim toga, rabi se u liječenju niskog krvnog tlaka i srčanog šoka, a djeluje tako što volumen krvi i stanično disanje vraća na normalnu razinu. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja bio ispitati njegov utjecaj na hemodinamiku i elektrokardiogram (EKG) u mužjaka Wistar štakora otrovanih aluminijevim fosfidom. Životinje su podijeljene u sljedeće skupine: kontrolnu (koja je jednokratno primila 1 mL kukuruznog ulja na usta), AlP (koja je jednokratno primila 15 mg kg-1 AlP-a otopljenog u kukuruznom ulju na usta), AlP plus DHA (koja je jednokratno primila 50 mg kg-1 DHA 30 min nakon trovanja AlP-om) te AlP plus N-acetilcistein (NAC) (koja je jednokratno primila 200 mg kg-1 NAC-a 30 min nakon trovanja AlP-om). Životinje su potom anestezirane i u idućih 120 min mjereni su im EKG, sistolički krvni tlak i broj otkucaja srca. Primjena AlP-a samog ili u kombinaciji s NAC-om bila je povezana s progresivnom hipotenzijom, tahikardijom i poremećajima u EKG-u te je dovela do 100-postotne smrtnosti unutar tri sata od trovanja. S druge pak strane, DHA je osigurao 100-postotno preživljenje otrovanih štakora i spriječio poremećaje u EKG-u i hemodinamici izazvane trovanjem AlP-om. Još nije jasan osnovni mehanizam djelovanja DHA, ali naši rezultati upućuju na obećavajući terapeutski potencijal DHA u liječenju otrovanja AlP-om

Bacterial genomics : a powerful tool for taxonomy and evolutionary analyses

La naissance de la génomique a révolutionné la classification des taxons bactériens. Actuellement, grâce au nombre élevé de génomes bactériens disponibles (> 250,000) et d'outils taxonomiques basés sur le génome, il est possible de réaliser des analyses phylogénomiques précises des bactéries pathogènes humaines. Au cours de notre thèse, nous avons d'abord mis en évidence l'intérêt des analyses pangénomiques en microbiologie clinique. De plus, la taxonomie des espèces de Bartonella, les agents de plusieurs maladies infectieuses humaines, étant mal connue, nous avons étudié 148 génomes de toutes les espèces de Bartonella afin de déterminer leur parenté génétique en utilisant plusieurs outils taxonomiques et généré leur premier pangénome. Par conséquent, nous avons défini des seuils spécifiques basés sur le génome pour la classification des isolats au niveau du genre et de l'espèce. De plus, en utilisant la stratégie culturomique, nous avons utilisé l'approche taxono-génomique pour décrire 25 nouveaux taxons bactériens isolés à partir d'un large éventail d'échantillons de différents pays. Nos résultats confirment donc qu'en 2020, la génomique permet de mettre à jour la taxonomie bactérienne traditionnelle et permet de mieux comprendre l'évolution bactérienne.The birth of genomics has revolutionized the classification of bacterial taxa. Currently, thanks to the high number of available bacterial genomes (> 250,000) and genome-based taxonomic tools, inferring accurate phylogenomic analyses of human pathogenic bacteria is achievable. During our thesis, we have first highlighted the usefulness of pangenomic analyses in clinical microbiology. In addition, since the taxonomy of Bartonella species, the agents of several human infectious diseases, is poorly understood, we have studied 148 genomes from all Bartonella species in order to determine their genetic relatedness by using several taxonomic tools and generated their first pangenome. Hence, we have defined specific genome-based thresholds for the classification of isolates at the genus and species levels. Furthermore, using the culturomics strategy, we used the taxono-genomics approach to describe 25 new bacterial taxa isolated from a wide spectrum of samples from different countries. Therefore, our results confirm that, in 2020, genomics enables updating the traditional bacterial taxonomy and help to better understand bacterial evolution

Whole-Genome Sequence of Haloimpatiens lingqiaonensis Strain P8956

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Whole-Genome Sequence of French Clinical Olivibacter jilunii Strain P8502

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Dihydroxyacetone as a definitive treatment for aluminium phosphide poisoning in rats

Aluminium phosphide (AlP), a very toxic pesticide also known as the rice tablet, releases phosphine gas upon contact with water, moisture, or gastric acid. Its mortality rate in humans is 70-100 % due to cardiogenic shock and refractory hypotension. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a simple ketonic carbohydrate, mainly used for sunless skin tanning. It also plays a beneficial role in the treatment of hypotension and cardiogenic shock by restoring blood volume and cellular respiration. The aim of this study was to investigate the its effect on the haemodynamics and electrocardiogram (ECG) in male rats poisoned with AlP. The animals were divided into the following groups: control (received 1 mL corn oil, orally), AlP (received 15 mg kg-1 AlP solved in corn oil, orally), AlP plus DHA (treated with 50 mg kg-1 of DHA 30 min after receiving AlP), and AlP plus N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (treated with 200 mg kg-1 of NAC 30 min after receiving AlP). The animals were then anaesthetised and ECG, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded for 120 min. Treatment with AlP alone and in combination with NAC was associated with progressive hypotension, tachycardia, and ECG disturbances in rats, resulting in 100 % mortality 3 h after poisoning. However, DHA achieved 100 % survival in the poisoned rats and prevented AlP-induced ECG and haemodynamic abnormalities. The main mechanism of DHA in the treatment of AlP poisoning is unclear, but the findings suggest the promising therapeutic potential of DHA against AlP poisoning.Aluminijev fosfid (AlP) je pesticid koji u dodiru s vodom, vlagom ili želučanom kiselinom oslobađa iznimno toksičan plin fosfin. Smrtnost u ljudi je od 70 do 100 % zbog srčanog šoka i refraktorne hipotenzije. Dihidroksiaceton (DHA) jednostavan je ketonski ugljikovodik koji se mahom rabi kao preparat za tamnjenje kože. Osim toga, rabi se u liječenju niskog krvnog tlaka i srčanog šoka, a djeluje tako što volumen krvi i stanično disanje vraća na normalnu razinu. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja bio ispitati njegov utjecaj na hemodinamiku i elektrokardiogram (EKG) u mužjaka Wistar štakora otrovanih aluminijevim fosfidom. Životinje su podijeljene u sljedeće skupine: kontrolnu (koja je jednokratno primila 1 mL kukuruznog ulja na usta), AlP (koja je jednokratno primila 15 mg kg-1 AlP-a otopljenog u kukuruznom ulju na usta), AlP plus DHA (koja je jednokratno primila 50 mg kg-1 DHA 30 min nakon trovanja AlP-om) te AlP plus N-acetilcistein (NAC) (koja je jednokratno primila 200 mg kg-1 NAC-a 30 min nakon trovanja AlP-om). Životinje su potom anestezirane i u idućih 120 min mjereni su im EKG, sistolički krvni tlak i broj otkucaja srca. Primjena AlP-a samog ili u kombinaciji s NAC-om bila je povezana s progresivnom hipotenzijom, tahikardijom i poremećajima u EKG-u te je dovela do 100-postotne smrtnosti unutar tri sata od trovanja. S druge pak strane, DHA je osigurao 100-postotno preživljenje otrovanih štakora i spriječio poremećaje u EKG-u i hemodinamici izazvane trovanjem AlP-om. Još nije jasan osnovni mehanizam djelovanja DHA, ali naši rezultati upućuju na obećavajući terapeutski potencijal DHA u liječenju otrovanja AlP-om

Draft Genome Sequence of Salirhabdus euzebyi Strain Q1438

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Interest of bacterial pangenome analyses in clinical microbiology

International audienceThanks to the progress and decreasing costs in genome sequencing technologies, more than 250,000 bacterial genomes are currently available in public databases, covering most, if not all, of the major human-associated phylogenetic groups of these microorganisms, pathogenic or not. In addition, for many of them, sequences from several strains of a given species are available, thus enabling to evaluate their genetic diversity and study their evolution. In addition, the significant cost reduction of bacterial whole genome sequencing as well as the rapid increase in the number of available bacterial genomes have prompted the development of pangenomic software tools. The study of bacterial pangenome has many applications in clinical microbiology. It can unveil the pathogenic potential and ability of bacteria to resist antimicrobials as well identify specific sequences and predict antigenic epitopes that allow molecular or serologic assays and vaccines to be designed. Bacterial pangenome constitutes a powerful method for understanding the history of human bacteria and relating these findings to diagnosis in clinical microbiology laboratories in order to optimize patient management

Genomic Characterization of the Novel Bartonella refiksaydamii sp. Isolated from the Blood of a Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas, 1811)

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Draft Genome Sequence of Vogesella oryzae L3B39 T , Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Saline-Tolerant Pokkali Rice

International audienceABSTRACT Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Vogesella oryzae L3B39 T (CSUR Q2602 T = DSM 28780), which is a Vogesella species isolated from the rhizosphere of saline-tolerant pokkali rice. The genome sequence was assembled into 58 contigs for a total size of 3,415,129 bp, with a G+C content of 62.3%