Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern for neonatal sepsis in Klebsiella and Pseudomonas isolated pathogens in neonatal intensive care unit at tertiary care hospital

Background: Neonatal sepsis being one of the major causes for mortality and morbidity in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), inadvertent use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug resistant.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted between May 2015 to July 2015 in NICU at BTGH. 3 months lab reports were analysed for growth and sensitivity and resistance pattern of commonly used antibiotics.Results: Among 75 cases sent for lab investigation, 58 blood cultures were positive for sepsis and showed growth on culture plate of which 13 (22.4%) were positive for pseudomonas and 19 (32.7%) positive for klebsiella. Meropenem 13 (100%) Piperacillin+TZ and Ceftazidime both 11 (84.6%) were highly sensitive for pseudomonas while Meropenem 18 (94.7%) and Imipenem 12 (63.15%) were highly sensitive for klebsiella. Amoxicillin showed highest resistance for both the pathogens.Conclusions: The results obtained from this study done to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity and resistance for neonatal sepsis in klebsiella and pseudomonas isolated pathogens showed that Meropenem as highly sensitive antibiotic and Amoxicillin as highly resistant antibiotic, hence they must be judiciously used to minimize the morbidity and mortality and also to reduce the emergence of multidrug resistant organisms in NICU

A comparative study of efficacy and side effects of nifedipine with nifedipine along with dydrogesterone in management of preterm labor

Background: Preterm labor remains one of the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Different tocolytics have been studied for prolongation of pregnancy, role of progesterone in increasing latency period remains controversial. Aim of the study was to compare efficacy of nifedipine with nifedipine along with dydrogesterone as a tocolytic agent in case of preterm labor and find its impact on maternal and neonatal outcome. Methods: This study was conducted in 100 women who presented with  symptoms of   preterm labor,  patients were then randomized to nifedipine plus dydrogesterone therapy  or nifedipine  treatment. Group I received Nifedipine plus dydrogesterone 10 mg and group II received only nifedipine. Results: There was significant difference in latency period between group I and group II polongation beyond 1 week was observed in 58% in group I and 32% in group II. There is significant difference in APGAR score at 1 minute and 5 minute between patients of group I and group II. In group I, 57.4% neonates have APGAR >7 whereas in group II 31.9% neonates have APGAR >7 at 1 minute. In Group I, 89.4 % neonates have APGAR >7 whereas in group II 68.1% neonates have APGAR >7 at 5 minutes. The mean birth weight in group I was 1.86 with SD 0.35 whereas in group II it was 1.72 with SD 0.34 which is statistically significant. However, no significant difference was found between admission in neonatal intensive care unit or neonatal complications and adverse effects between 2 groups. Conclusions: This study found dydrogesterone along with nifedipine is more effective as tocolytic in comparison to nifedipine alone

Impact of COVID 19 in antenatal patient with gestational diabetes mellitus and vice a versa: a retrospective study

Background: The objective of this study is to compare the incidence, severity and feto-maternal outcome of antenatal Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients with GDM vs non GDM patients.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. The study was carried out in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur from March 2020 to December 2020. All the antenatal women with COVID 19 positive status who were admitted during this period were enrolled in the study. Analysis were made on the basis of observation regarding the severity of symptoms COVID 19 disease, oxygen requirements, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome in GDM vs non GDM COVID positive antenatal patient.Results: A total of 421 COVID positive antenatal patients were enrolled of which 21 patients were having GDM and 400 were non GDM. Of these 21 patients, 14 (66.7%) were diagnosed with GDM after admission while 7 patients i.e., 33.3% were already diagnosed GDM before admission in current pregnancy. Of these 21 (42.9%) antenatal COVID pt with GDM majority shows mild symptoms of COVID 19, however the severity of fever, myalgia and cough was increased in GDM compared to Non GDM Group. While in non GDM Group, majority of patients were asymptomatic (44.3%) and severity was also less.Conclusions: It is also evident that patients with GDM had longer duration of hospital stay, higher incidence of caesarean delivery and oxygen requirements

Estimation of leakage power and delay in CMOS circuits using parametric variation

SummaryWith the advent of deep-submicron technologies, leakage power dissipation is a major concern for scaling down portable devices that have burst-mode type integrated circuits. In this paper leakage reduction technique HTLCT (High Threshold Leakage Control Transistor) is discussed. Using high threshold transistors at the place of low threshold leakage control transistors, result in more leakage power reduction as compared to LCT (leakage control transistor) technique but at the scarifies of area and delay. Further, analysis of effect of parametric variation on leakage current and propagation delay in CMOS circuits is performed. It is found that the leakage power dissipation increases with increasing temperature, supply voltage and aspect ratio. However, opposite pattern is noticed for the propagation delay. Leakage power dissipation for LCT NAND gate increases up to 14.32%, 6.43% and 36.21% and delay decreases by 22.5%, 42% and 9% for variation of temperature, supply voltage and aspect ratio. Maximum peak of equivalent output noise is obtained as 127.531nV/Sqrt(Hz) at 400mHz

Biological approaches of termite management: A review

For increased crop production, the role of chemical termiticides cannot be neglected as they have provided the efficient way to achieve green revolution. But the present scenario has forced mankind to search for alternative options. While keeping in mind the concept of sustainable agriculture, pest management including termites and other phyto-diseases etc. needs to be focused. For the achievement of the above stated goal, eco-friendly and cost-effective strategies need to be emphasized. Biopesticidal agents that mainly comprise of herbal and microbial formulations are known to exhibit anti termite activity and have a pivotal role in the production of organic food products. In order to reduce the chemical consumption, the vast area of biological alternatives needs to be explored as they provide us with many beneficial aspects like sustainability, suitable application, biodegradable nature, target specificity etc. Further, the bioactive components of such biological agents can later be used as commercially viable termiticides in the form of formulations. These herbal and microbial termiticides are effective and have immense scope to be used in future for sustainable development

Carbon Nanotube–Purification and Sorting Protocols

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown extraordinary mechanical, thermal, electrical, and electronic properties. Electronic properties of CNT are very sensitive to its diameter and chirality, making it metallicor semiconducting, depending upon its chiral vector. The extraordinary properties of CNTs have led to demonstration of several applications but commercial realisation of these devices require consistent qualityof CNTs, and these should be  free of any impurity. For development of electronic devices, CNTs should notjust be pure but also of similar length, diameter, and electronic behaviour. Such demanding requirements need development of elaborate purification and sorting protocols. In this paper,  a brief review of the existing technologies and the research done is presented.Defence Science Journal, 2008, 58(5), pp.591-599, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.58.169

Amniotic fluid index, non-stress test and color of liquor: as a predictor of perinatal outcome

Background: The universal aim of maternity care provision is birth of a healthy baby to a healthy mother. All birth attendants strive to achieve a good standard of care during labor to prevent an outcome such as ‘birth asphyxia’. The aim was to study the role of AFI, NST and color of liquor in predicting perinatal outcome in term pregnancy in active labor.Methods: Prospective observational study of in women 18-35 years of age in active Labor admitted in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology BRD Medical College Gorakhpur, India.Results: In patient with AFI <5 cm, 83% needed intervention during labor (77% LSCS, 6% instrumental vaginal delivery) and 89% newborn had APGAR <7, while in AFI >5 cm group only 29% needed intervention (24% LSCS, 5% instrumental vaginal delivery) and only 20% newborn had APGAR <7. Normal NST (Cat.-I) group had 89% normal vaginal delivery and only 11% (9.5% LSCS, 1.5% instrumental vaginal delivery) needed intervention with 6% newborn with APGAR<7 at 1 minute (‘p’<0.00001), while pathological NST (Cat.-III) group had 16% normal vaginal delivery and 84% (8% instrumental vaginal delivery, 76% LSCS) needed intervention during labor with 92% newborn with APGAR <7 at 1 minute (‘p’<0.00001). Clear liquor group had 85% had normal vaginal delivery and only 15% needed intervention (14% LSCS, 1% instrumental vaginal delivery) with 8.3% newborn with APGAR <7 at 1 minute, while meconium stained liquor group only 6.5% had normal vaginal delivery and 93.5% needed intervention (16% instrumental vaginal delivery, 77.5% LSCS) with 87% newborn with APGAR <7 at 1 minute.Conclusions: AFI, NST and color of liquor can effectively detect fetal distress already present at admission, thereby avoiding unnecessary delay and decrease in decision to delivery time and improve fetal outcome

Inclusion of carbohydrate antigen 242 in addition to carbohydrate antigen 19.9 in serological workup of carcinoma gall bladder: a case series analysis

Background: Common antigenic pool is seen because of shared embryonic origins of gall bladder cancer (GBC) and pancreas. Hence, we analyzed the role of serum carbohydrate antigen 242 (CA242) which has been studied in pancreatic cancer, in GBC. The objectives were to identify whether serum CA242 provides added advantage in diagnosis of GBC when compared to controls and to determine its cut-off value. Methods: Serum CA 19-9 level was determined by chemiluminescent micro particle assay and CA242 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of age matched cases and controls. Results: Total enrolled patients were 83 including 10 (11.7%) healthy volunteers, 22 (25.9%) chronic cholecystitis cases, and 53 (62.4%) patients with histological evidence of carcinoma. Mean age of presentation of GBC was 51.64 SD10.88 years with F: M ratio of 5.6:1. Pain (90.6%, 48/53) accompanied with jaundice was significantly associated with GBC well reflected by significantly raised serum total bilirubin (p=0.011), direct bilirubin (p=0.008) along with alkaline phosphatase levels (p=0.001). Significantly higher median value of CA 19-9 and CA242 was observed in GBC when compared to CC and healthy volunteers (p<0.001) with a significant correlation between tumor size (>2.5 cm) and serum levels of CA242. The best cut-off limit for CA242 was 45.25 IU/ml. The specificity for carcinoma diagnosis increased to 100% when CA242 was included along with CA 19.9 in serological estimation. Conclusions: We recommend that CA antigen 19-9 may be complimented with CA242 for serological identification of malignancy in the gall bladder

YOGA PRACTICE AND BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the effect of 45 minute yogic kriya (Surya Namaskar and Kapalbhati) for 30 days on various physiological and biochemicalparameters.Methods: About 20 Nursing College students of the Santosh Medical University, Ghaziabad, between the age group 17 and 21 years volunteered toparticipate in the study. They were divided into two Groups A and B. Group A students including 10 students in each group were subjected to 30 daysyoge kriya for 45 minutes for 6 days in a week. Statistical analysis: A student's t-test was used for comparing the means of pre- and post-yoga resultsof various parameters.Results: No significant difference was found in systolic blood pressure, pulse, body mass index, hemoglobin except for fasting blood sugar and diastolicblood pressure (p<0.001) among the yoga subject while comparing with baseline values and control.Keywords: Yoga, Biochemical alterations, Physiological alterations, Surya Namaskar and Kapal Bhati