130 research outputs found
Query Understanding in the Age of Large Language Models
Querying, conversing, and controlling search and information-seeking
interfaces using natural language are fast becoming ubiquitous with the rise
and adoption of large-language models (LLM). In this position paper, we
describe a generic framework for interactive query-rewriting using LLMs. Our
proposal aims to unfold new opportunities for improved and transparent intent
understanding while building high-performance retrieval systems using LLMs. A
key aspect of our framework is the ability of the rewriter to fully specify the
machine intent by the search engine in natural language that can be further
refined, controlled, and edited before the final retrieval phase. The ability
to present, interact, and reason over the underlying machine intent in natural
language has profound implications on transparency, ranking performance, and a
departure from the traditional way in which supervised signals were collected
for understanding intents. We detail the concept, backed by initial
experiments, along with open questions for this interactive query understanding
framework.Comment: Accepted to GENIR(SIGIR'23
Context Aware Query Rewriting for Text Rankers using LLM
Query rewriting refers to an established family of approaches that are
applied to underspecified and ambiguous queries to overcome the vocabulary
mismatch problem in document ranking. Queries are typically rewritten during
query processing time for better query modelling for the downstream ranker.
With the advent of large-language models (LLMs), there have been initial
investigations into using generative approaches to generate pseudo documents to
tackle this inherent vocabulary gap. In this work, we analyze the utility of
LLMs for improved query rewriting for text ranking tasks. We find that there
are two inherent limitations of using LLMs as query re-writers -- concept drift
when using only queries as prompts and large inference costs during query
processing. We adopt a simple, yet surprisingly effective, approach called
context aware query rewriting (CAR) to leverage the benefits of LLMs for query
understanding. Firstly, we rewrite ambiguous training queries by context-aware
prompting of LLMs, where we use only relevant documents as context.Unlike
existing approaches, we use LLM-based query rewriting only during the training
phase. Eventually, a ranker is fine-tuned on the rewritten queries instead of
the original queries during training. In our extensive experiments, we find
that fine-tuning a ranker using re-written queries offers a significant
improvement of up to 33% on the passage ranking task and up to 28% on the
document ranking task when compared to the baseline performance of using
original queries
Efficient Neural Ranking using Forward Indexes and Lightweight Encoders
Dual-encoder-based dense retrieval models have become the standard in IR.
They employ large Transformer-based language models, which are notoriously
inefficient in terms of resources and latency. We propose Fast-Forward indexes
-- vector forward indexes which exploit the semantic matching capabilities of
dual-encoder models for efficient and effective re-ranking. Our framework
enables re-ranking at very high retrieval depths and combines the merits of
both lexical and semantic matching via score interpolation. Furthermore, in
order to mitigate the limitations of dual-encoders, we tackle two main
challenges: Firstly, we improve computational efficiency by either
pre-computing representations, avoiding unnecessary computations altogether, or
reducing the complexity of encoders. This allows us to considerably improve
ranking efficiency and latency. Secondly, we optimize the memory footprint and
maintenance cost of indexes; we propose two complementary techniques to reduce
the index size and show that, by dynamically dropping irrelevant document
tokens, the index maintenance efficiency can be improved substantially. We
perform evaluation to show the effectiveness and efficiency of Fast-Forward
indexes -- our method has low latency and achieves competitive results without
the need for hardware acceleration, such as GPUs.Comment: Accepted at ACM TOIS. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2110.0605
QoS Constrained Optimal Sink and Relay Placement in Planned Wireless Sensor Networks
We are given a set of sensors at given locations, a set of potential
locations for placing base stations (BSs, or sinks), and another set of
potential locations for placing wireless relay nodes. There is a cost for
placing a BS and a cost for placing a relay. The problem we consider is to
select a set of BS locations, a set of relay locations, and an association of
sensor nodes with the selected BS locations, so that number of hops in the path
from each sensor to its BS is bounded by hmax, and among all such feasible
networks, the cost of the selected network is the minimum. The hop count bound
suffices to ensure a certain probability of the data being delivered to the BS
within a given maximum delay under a light traffic model. We observe that the
problem is NP-Hard, and is hard to even approximate within a constant factor.
For this problem, we propose a polynomial time approximation algorithm
(SmartSelect) based on a relay placement algorithm proposed in our earlier
work, along with a modification of the greedy algorithm for weighted set cover.
We have analyzed the worst case approximation guarantee for this algorithm. We
have also proposed a polynomial time heuristic to improve upon the solution
provided by SmartSelect. Our numerical results demonstrate that the algorithms
provide good quality solutions using very little computation time in various
randomly generated network scenarios
Hgt1p, a high affinity glutathione transporter from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
A high affinity glutathione transporter has been identified, cloned, and characterized from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This transporter, Hgt1p, represents the first high affinity glutathione transporter to be described from any system so far. The strategy for the identification involved investigating candidate glutathione transporters from the yeast genome sequence project followed by genetic and physiological investigations. This approach revealed HGT1 (open reading frame YJL212c) as encoding a high affinity glutathione transporter. Yeast strains deleted in HGT1 did not show any detectable plasma membrane glutathione transport, and hgt1Δ disruptants were non-viable in a glutathione biosynthetic mutant (gsh1Δ) background. The glutathione repressible transport activity observed in wild type cells was also absent in the hgt1Δ strains. The transporter was cloned and kinetic studies indicated that Hgt1p had a high affinity for glutathione (Km = 54 μM)) and was not sensitive to competition by amino acids, dipeptides, or other tripeptides. Significant inhibition was observed, however, with oxidized glutathione and glutathione conjugates. The transporter reveals a novel class of transporters that has homologues in other yeasts and plants but with no apparent homologues in either Escherichia coli or in higher eukaryotes other than plants
Assessment of Environmental Factors in Occurrence of Uterine Fibroids Among North Indian Women Aged between 35- 49yrs.
Uterine fibroids have always been the prime medical issue for females, especially the ones travelling in their reproductive age ( 20-35), with some studies reporting 20-80% of women developing fibroids by th
Safer plant-based nanoparticles for combating antibiotic resistance in bacteria: a comprehensive review on its potential applications, recent advances, and future perspective
Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGBackground: Antibiotic resistance is one of the current threats to human health, forcing the use of drugs that are more noxious, costlier, and with low efficiency. There are several causes behind antibiotic resistance, including over-prescription of antibiotics in both humans and livestock. In this scenario, researchers are shifting to new alternatives to fight back this concerning situation. Scope and approach: Nanoparticles have emerged as new tools that can be used to combat deadly bacterial infections directly or indirectly to overcome antibiotic resistance. Although nanoparticles are being used in the pharmaceutical industry, there is a constant concern about their toxicity toward human health because of the involvement of well-known toxic chemicals (i.e., sodium/potassium borohydride) making their use very risky for eukaryotic cells. Key findings and conclusions: Multiple nanoparticle-based approaches to counter bacterial infections, providing crucial insight into the design of elements that play critical roles in the creation of antimicrobial nanotherapeutic drugs, are currently underway. In this context, plant-based nanoparticles will be less toxic than many other forms, which constitute promising candidates to avoid widespread damage to the microbiome associated with current practices. This article aims to review the actual knowledge on plant-based nanoparticle products for antibiotic resistance and the possible replacement of antibiotics to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2020/12Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481A 2021/313Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. RYC-2017-2289
Respostas ecofisiológicas e morfológicas do pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) aos diferentes níveis de sombreamento, em condição de viveiro.
Publicado também em: Boletim da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias do Pará, Belém, PA, n. 30, p. 119-132, jul./dez. 1998
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