Croatian vocabulary of molecular and cell biology

Nazivlje mnogih struka često se razvija neovisno o pravilima hrvatskoga jezika, posebice ako je riječ o mladim znanostima koje nastaju i razvijaju se na engleskome jeziku. Jedan je od takvih primjera leksik molekularne biologije. Iako je razvoj ovoga područja u Hrvatskoj započeo 1960-ih godina na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu i Institutu Ruđer Bošković, da bi 1984. godine bio pokrenut i studij molekularne biologije na Biološkome odsjeku Prirodoslovno-matematičkoga fakulteta, a 1989. osnovan Zavod za molekularnu biologiju pri istome odsjeku, sve donedavno nije postojao usustavljen način prilagodbe strukovnoga nazivlja. Budući da je molekularna biologija sve češće zastupljena u informativnim medijima zbog sve većega značenja rezultata istraživanja ovoga područja u kontekstu svakodnevnoga života, na Zavodu za molekularnu biologiju Prirodoslovno-matematičkoga fakulteta započeta su dva biološko-jezična projekta. Prvi je projekt prijevod rječnika molekularne i stanične biologije koji sadržava više od 12 000 unosa, čiji je cilj usustavljivanje hrvatskoga leksika područja kao rezultat suradnje jezikoslovaca i biologa. Drugi projekt – „Genetikon“ – financirala je Hrvatska zaklada za znanost putem projekta „Struna“, a on obuhvaća genetički leksik omogućujući da na jednome mjestu budu okupljeni najvažniji pojmovi i sustavno razrađeno hrvatsko nazivlje. U ovome radu dajemo kratak pregled razvoja jezika struke s posebnim naglaskom na šest osnovnih naputaka kojima nastojimo pridonijeti razvoju leksika genetike i stanične i molekularne biologije.The technical vocabulary of many areas is often developed independently of the rules of the Croatian language, especially in the case of young sciences that are developed in English. One such example is the vocabulary of molecular biology. The development of this research area in Croatia began in the 1960s at the University of Zagreb and the Institute Ruđer Bošković. In 1981 Molecular Biology study program started at the Department of Biology at the Faculty of Science, and in 1989 Divison of Molecular Biology at the same Department was founded. However, until recently there was no systematically elaborated development of professional vocabulary of this scientific area. Due to growing significance of the research results from molecular biology and genetics in the context of everyday life at the Department of Molecular Biology two projects were conducted. The first is a translation of the Dictionary of Molecular and Cell Biology that contains more than 12 000 entries, whose purpose is to make the professional vocabulary as result of cooperation between linguists and biologists. The second project –“Genetikon” – has been funded by the Croatian Science Foundation through the “Struna” project, and it covers genetic lexicon, enabling the most important concepts and systematically developed Croatian terminology to be gathered at one place. In this paper we give a short overview of the molecular biology vocabulary development with special emphasis on the six basic guidelines that we hope will contribute to the development of the technical vocabulary of genetics and cellular and molecular biology

Vegetation of Croatia: Phytosociological classification of the high-rank syntaxa

Croatia is among the most ecologically diverse and floristically rich countries in Europe, with a great variety of communities. The vegetation elaboration according to the standard central European method was initiated in Croatia at the beginning of the 20th century. In previous overviews of Croatian vegetation, the number of classes and alliances was underrepresented in relation to the country’s floristic richness. Furthermore, the level of knowledge and the amount of available data varied greatly among the various types of vegetation. The aims of this paper are mainly to compile a stabile syntaxonomic list of classes, orders and alliances dominated by vascular plants in Croatia and to adjust Croatian vegetation to the new European syntaxonomic system (EuroVegChecklist). It introduces a consistent description of high-rank syntaxa in Croatian. In conclusion, the vegetation of Croatia comprises 66 classes, 121 orders and 201 alliances. The number of syntaxa shows vegetation diversity that is rather high compared to most other European countries; this is related to the high floristic richness and endemism. The list points out the obvious problems and gaps in our knowledge of vegetation in Croatia and can serve as a baseline for the future vegetation studies

The principles of conduct and behaviour of civil servants

Načela postupanja i ponašanja državnih službenika, koja su tema ovoga rada, u hrvatskom zakonodavstvu uređuje prvenstveno Zakon o državnim službenicima, Etički kodeks državnih službenika i Kolektivni ugovor za državne službenike i namještenike. Razlikujemo načela postupanja (načelo zakonitosti i pravne sigurnosti, zabrane diskriminacije i povlašćivanja, hijerarhijske podređenosti, te odgovornosti za rezultate) i načela ponašanja, koja zapravo predstavljaju dužnosti državnih službenika, određene zabrane, te pravila osobnog ponašanja u obavljanju službe. Postupanja i ponašanja državnih službenika u skladu sa propisanim načelima, ovise o dobro postavljenom službeničkom zakonodavstvu i načinu na koji ono funkcionira, stoga Republika Hrvatska od početka procesa pridruživanja Europskoj uniji, provodi reformu i usklađuje svoje zakonodavstvo sa europskim standardima, a sve s ciljem formiranja profesionalne, odgovorne i efikasne državne službe.The subject of this work are principles of conduct and behavior of civil servants. In the Croatian legislation these principles are primarily regulated by the Civil Servants Act, the Code of Ethics for Civil Servants and the Collective Agreement for Civil Servants and Employees. We distinguish principles of conduct (the principle of legality and legal certainty, the prohibition of discrimination and privileges, hierarchical subordination and the responsibility for results) and the principles of behaviour, which actually represent the duties of civil servants, certain restrictions and rules of personal behaviour in execution of their duty. In accordance with the prescribed principles, the conduct and behaviour of civil servants depend on well-established civil service legislation and its functioning. Since the beginning of its accession process to the European Union, the Republic of Croatia has been, for these reasons, carrying out a reform and adjusting its legislation to meet European standards, aiming at the establishment of a professional, responsible and efficient civil service

The principles of conduct and behaviour of civil servants

Načela postupanja i ponašanja državnih službenika, koja su tema ovoga rada, u hrvatskom zakonodavstvu uređuje prvenstveno Zakon o državnim službenicima, Etički kodeks državnih službenika i Kolektivni ugovor za državne službenike i namještenike. Razlikujemo načela postupanja (načelo zakonitosti i pravne sigurnosti, zabrane diskriminacije i povlašćivanja, hijerarhijske podređenosti, te odgovornosti za rezultate) i načela ponašanja, koja zapravo predstavljaju dužnosti državnih službenika, određene zabrane, te pravila osobnog ponašanja u obavljanju službe. Postupanja i ponašanja državnih službenika u skladu sa propisanim načelima, ovise o dobro postavljenom službeničkom zakonodavstvu i načinu na koji ono funkcionira, stoga Republika Hrvatska od početka procesa pridruživanja Europskoj uniji, provodi reformu i usklađuje svoje zakonodavstvo sa europskim standardima, a sve s ciljem formiranja profesionalne, odgovorne i efikasne državne službe.The subject of this work are principles of conduct and behavior of civil servants. In the Croatian legislation these principles are primarily regulated by the Civil Servants Act, the Code of Ethics for Civil Servants and the Collective Agreement for Civil Servants and Employees. We distinguish principles of conduct (the principle of legality and legal certainty, the prohibition of discrimination and privileges, hierarchical subordination and the responsibility for results) and the principles of behaviour, which actually represent the duties of civil servants, certain restrictions and rules of personal behaviour in execution of their duty. In accordance with the prescribed principles, the conduct and behaviour of civil servants depend on well-established civil service legislation and its functioning. Since the beginning of its accession process to the European Union, the Republic of Croatia has been, for these reasons, carrying out a reform and adjusting its legislation to meet European standards, aiming at the establishment of a professional, responsible and efficient civil service