Description of oral cavity morphology, development and redescription of the tadpole of Bokermannohyla circumdata (Cope, 1870) (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)

Following is a redescription of the tadpole of Bokermannohyla circumdata from Serra dos Órgãos National Park, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with data on spawning, development, variation in labial teeth formula and oral cavity morphology

Ontogenia e aspectos comportamentais da larva de Phasmahyla guttata (Lutz, 1924) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)

O gênero Phasmahyla Cruz, 1990 é composto por pequenos anuros, cujas desovas são depositadas em folhas acima de córregos na mata. Seus girinos são neustônicos e apresentam funil bucal dorsal. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro o gênero está representado por P.guttata (Lutz 1924). Girinos desta espécie foram coletados no Rio dos Macacos, Horto Florestal, Rio de Janeiro e sua ontogenia foi estudada. A larva eclode no estágio 25 (com cerca de 16,5 mm), permanecendo neste estágio até um comprimento médio de 18,4 mm. O funil bucal cresce de 1,9 mm (estágio 25) a 7,1 mm (estádio 40), sendo completamente absorvido no final do estágio 42. A cauda cresce gradualmente até o estágio 41, quando os girinos alcançam as maiores dimensões (comprimento médio de 55,1 mm). No estágio 41, a cauda começa a ser absorvida, desaparecendo completamente no estágio 46. Nos córregos, os girinos são distribuídos em cardumes, compostos por indivíduos de diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. A composição dos cardumes variou ao longo do ano. Nos meses de junho e julho a ocorrência de girinos recém-eclodidos não foi observada, com o aparecimento dos primeiros recém-eclodidos em agosto. Um maior número de girinos recém-eclodidos foi observado em março, abril e maio. Cinco desovas foram coletadas, todas depositadas em ninhos de folhas enroladas em forma de funil. Para a confecção dos ninhos, o casal usou apenas folhas vivas, mais longas do que largas

Larval chondrocranium morphology of five species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro (Amphibia; Anura; Odontophrynidae)

Dias, Pedro Henrique Dos Santos, Carvalho-E-Silva, Ana Maria Paulino Telles De, Carvalho-E-Silva, Sergio Potsch De (2013): Larval chondrocranium morphology of five species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro (Amphibia; Anura; Odontophrynidae). Zootaxa 3683 (4): 427-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.

Breeding biology and advertisement call of the horned leaf-frog, Proceratophrys appendiculata (Amphibia: Anura: Odontophrynidae)

We describe the breeding biology and the advertisement call of the horned leaf-frog, Proceratophrys appendiculata (Günther, 1873) in the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, municipality of Teresópolis. The reproductive period of P. appendiculata is short and is associated with the end of the winter and the beginning of the spring, when males call night and day under large rocks in sandy bottom rock streams. The amplexus is axillary and one female laid about 656 viscous eggs. The advertisement call of P. appendiculata is unique among congeners. The call lasts approximately two seconds, with about 85 pulses/call at a rate of 45 pulses/s and frequency around 0.620 kHz. It is one of the longest calls and lowest in dominant frequency. Moreover, the call of P. appendiculata is characterized by the greatest number of pulses so far registered, reaching 129 pulses in a single call

Proceratophrys belzebul Dias, Amaro, Carvalho-E-Silva & Rodrigues, 2013, sp.nov.

Proceratophrys belzebul sp.nov. (Figs. 8–9) Etymology. The specific epithet is an invariable noun in apposition and makes allusion to horn-like palpebral appendages and the dark color of the specimens. Baal Zebub is a Semitic deity that was worshiped in the Philistine —the prince of demons. Belzebul is one of the numerous variants of the latinized Beelzebub. Holotype: CFBH 16283, adult male collected in Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia, São Luis do Paraitinga municipality (23 º 20 ’S, 45 º03’) São Paulo state on 14 March, 2005 by L. O.M. Giasson (Figs. 8 A and 9). Paratopotypes: Adult males— CFBH 5819 (21 January, 2003) (cleared and stained), CFBH 11302 (23 February, 2006) by L.M. O. Giasson, CFBH 14813 (19 December, 2006) (cleared and stained) by L.M. O. Giasson, C.P.A. Prado, O.G. Araújo and F. Zara. Adult females— CFBH 8410 (14 April, 2004), CFBH, 8411 (14 April, 2004) (Fig. 8 B), CFBH 8062 (12 January, 2005), CFBH 10792 (24 January, 2006) by L.M. O. Giasson. Other paratypes: Cunha municipality: Adult males— CFBH 29681 (01 February, 2005) (cleared and stained), CFBH 29682 (01 February, 2005) by D. Picinini. Adult females— CFBH 10751 (01 March, 2005), CFBH 10752 (01 March, 2005) by D. Seale, CFBH 29680 (01 February, 2005), CFBH 29684 (01 February, 2005), CFBH 29685 (01 February, 2005) by D. Picinini. São Sebastião municipality: Adult males— CFBH 12110 (February, 2005) by M. Martins, MTR 9456 (May, 2000) by G. Skuk and D. Pavan. Ubatuba municipality: Adult male— CFBH 5660 (15 October, 2002) (cleared and stained) by P.A. Hartmann. Adult females— CFBH 5414 (20 September, 2002), CFBH 21941 (09 January, 2009) by C.F.B.H. and S.F. Reis. Diagnosis. The species is characterized by: 1) medium size (SVL 40.5–53.5 mm in males and 34.6 –62.0 mm in females); 2) nasal bones broadly separated in their medial region; 3) nasal bone broadly separated from frontoparietal in their posterior region; 4) small iliac projection (iliac projection representing less than 30 % of ilium diameter) (Fig. 5 F and G); 5) frontoparietal bones very depressed and broad rostrally (Fig. 5 E); 6) nasal and squamosal bones with smooth surface (without or with very reduced swellings and tubercles); 7) maxillary pits very reduced, almost vestigial; 8) female presenting the gular region dark brown (Fig. 8 B). Comparisons with other species (Data for species in comparison are given in parenthesis; biometric comparisons only between males). Proceratophrys belzebul differs from P. laticeps, P. melanopogon, P. phyllostomus and P. subgutatta by presenting a preocular cutaneous crest (preocular cutaneous absent). From P. moehringi by the presence of a well developed rostral appendage in adults (rostral appendage absent or vestigial). It differs from P. sanctaritae by the color of ventral surface of the body (predominantly cream with gular region black in P. s a n c t a r i t a e and light brown with scattered dark dots all over the belly in P. b e lz e b ul), by the largest head in relation to snout-vent length (HL/SVL 49 % in P. belzebul [47.3–50 %] and 45 % in P. sanctaritae [44–47 %]) and in relation to head width (HL/HW 90 % in P. b e l z e b u l [87–92 %] and 80 % in P. sanctaritae [78–83 %]). It differs from P. tupinamba by the smaller size (SVL 40.5–53.5 mm in P. b e lz e b ul and SVL 52.6–63.4 in P. tupinamba), by the smaller eye diameter (ED/HL 16.2 % in P. belzebul [16–17 %] and 23 % in P. tupinamba [24–24.2 %]) and by the smaller foot (FL/SVL 48 % in P. b e l z e b u l [46–48 %] and 59 % in P. tupinamba [63-67 %]). It differs from P. appendiculata by the smaller size (SVL 40.5–53.5 mm in P. b e l z e b u l and 43.1 –58.0 in P. appendiculata), by presenting the surface of the squamosal bones smooth, without or with very reduced projections and tubercles (surface of the squamosal covered with projections) (Fig. 5 A and B), by presenting the outer margins of frontoparietals expanded rostrally (frontoparietal outer margins curved and medially expanded) (Fig. 5 C and E), by having a small iliac projection (iliac projection representing less than 30 % of ilium diameter in P. belzebul and more the 45 % in P. appendiculata) (Fig. 5 F and G), by presenting the nasal surface smoother (nasal with furrow and projections), by the deepness of ventral slits of maxillae (poorly deep in P. b e lz e b ul and very deep and evident in P. appendiculata), and by the presence of dark brown color in female’s gular region (gular region of the same coloration of ventral surface in females). It differs from P. izecksohni by the smaller distance between eye and nostril (END /HL 21 % in P. belzebul [19–21.3 %] and 22 % in P. izecksohni [21–23 %]), by the smaller eye diameter (ED/HL 16 % in P. b e l z e b u l [16.4–17 %] and 18 % in P. izecksohni [17.3–18 %]), by the smaller hindlimbs (THL+TIL/SVL 87.5 % in P. belzebul [88–89 %] and 93 % in P. izecksohni [90–99 %]), by having a smaller iliac projection (iliac projection representing approximately 28 % in P. belzebul and more than 50 % of ilium diameter in P. izecksohni), and by the shape of frontoparietal bones (broader rostrally in P. belzebul and almost uniform along their extension in P. izecksohni) (Fig. 5 D and E). Description of the holotype (Figs. 8 A and 9). Adult male with 56.6 mm of snout vent length; head elliptical, with much narrowed snout, wider than long; head length presenting 86.6 % of head width; elliptical nostril, separated by a distance of approximately 80 % of the eye diameter; distance of eye to snout corresponding to 45 % of head length; eye to nostril distance of approximately 20.1 % of the head length; eyes lateral, with a diameter equivalent to 14.3 % of the head length; a single and long palpebral appendage; pre-ocular crest present, continuous with the palpebral appendage; canthal crest present and well developed; row of tubercles ranging from the posterior corner of the eye to angle of jaw; vomerine teeth present; tongue cordiform, free posteriorly; frontoparietal crests poorly developed, with parallel outer margins; region between frontoparietal crests slightly depressed, with its rostral portion deeper than the posterior; frontoparietals slightly wider on its rostral portion; interocular ridge present and concave; tympanum not clearly defined; arm and forearm robust; arm stout, very close to the body; metacarpal tubercles poorly developed; median outer metacarpal tubercles rounded and something like elliptical distal outer metacarpal tubercles; inner metacarpal tubercle elliptical; finger lengths IV ≈ II <I <III; fingers not webbed; tibia longer than tight; tibia length plus thigh length corresponding to 86.6 % of SVL; foot longer than thigh and tibia; foot length represents 47.7 % of snout vent length; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical, well developed; toe lengths I<II<V<III<IV; very rough skin, covered by tubercles, well developed all over the body; ocular-dorsal ridge continuous with palpebral appendages, reaching the dorsal extreme of urostyle, with spear shape. Holotype Dimensions (mm): SVL: 56.6; HL: 24.6; HW: 28.4; THL: 22.0 TIL: 21.9; TRL: 6.3; FL: 24.1; HUL: 10.7; FAL: 10.9; HAL: 14.6; IOD: 10.2; END: 5.3; ESD: 11.3; IND: 2.3; NSD: 6.3 and ED: 3.5. Color in preservative (names in parentheses from Smithe’s catalog). All dorsal and ventral surface of the body dark brown (Dark grayish). Darker (Dark brown) strips flanking the ocular-dorsal ridge and in the arms and legs. The gular region possesses the same dark coloration as the dorsum and ventral surface, both in males and females. Variation. Specimens are congruent with respect to morphological characters. Some specimens (CFBH 11302; 29685) presented a black (Raw umber) mask-like pattern. Ventral surface also show some degree of variation, with specimens without brown dots presenting a completely uniform cream color, with exception of the gular region. Measurements data are given in the Tables 2 and 3 for males and females respectively. Geographical distribution. The new species is known from the municipalities of Cunha, São Sebastião, São Luis do Paraitinga, and Ubatuba in São Paulo state, Brazil (Fig. 7).Published as part of Dias, Pedro Henrique Dos Santos, Amaro, Renata Cecília, Carvalho-E-Silva, Ana Maria Paulino Telles De & Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut, 2013, Two new species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura; Odontophrynidae) from the Atlantic forest, with taxonomic remarks on the genus, pp. 277-304 in Zootaxa 3682 (2) on pages 289-292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3682.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/21641

Proceratophrys izecksohni Dias, Amaro, Carvalho-E-Silva & Rodrigues, 2013, sp. nov.

Proceratophrys izecksohni sp. nov. (Figs. 2–3) Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym given in honor of Eugenio Izecksohn, a herpetologist who greatly contributed to the current knowledge of Brazilian frog fauna, particularly to the genus Proceratophrys. Holotype: UNIRIO 739, adult male collected in Reserva Rio das Pedras (RERP), Mangaratiba municipality, Rio de Janeiro state (22 ° 59 ’ 29 ’’S, 44 °06’01’’W ca. 200 meters above sea level) on 0 6 July, 1999 by A.M.P.T. Carvalho-e-Silva, S.P. Carvalho-e-Silva, L. Americo, G.R. Silva and J.A. Chaves (Figs. 2 A and 3). Paratopotypes: Adult males - UNIRIO 623 (04 October, 1999), UNIRIO 731 (06 December, 1999) by A.M.P.T. Carvalho-e-Silva, S.P. Carvalho-e-Silva, L. Americo, G.R. Silva and J.A. Chaves, UNIRIO 1218 (cleared and stained) (06 January, 2001) by A.M.P.T. Carvalho-e-Silva and S.P. Carvalho-e-Silva, UNIRIO 2095 (cleared and stained) (01 October, 2004), MNRJ 40713 (November, 2005) by V. Borges Jr. Adult females— UNIRIO 680 (06 July, 1999) (Fig. 2 B) by G.R. Silva and J.A. Chaves, UNIRIO 1117 (27 October, 2000) by A.M.P.T. Carvalhoe-Silva, S.P. Carvalho-e-Silva, L. Americo, G.R. Silva and J.A. Chaves, UNIRIO 2847 (08 September, 2007) by A.M.P.T. Carvalho-e-Silva, S.P. Carvalho-e-Silva, L.A. Cordioli, P.A. Valadares and T.S. Soares. Other paratypes: Angra dos Reis municipality, Rio de Janeiro state: Adult - MNRJ 2000 (18 March and 11 May, 1948) (cleared and stained) by Carvalho and Berla. Adult female - MNRJ 34016 (without collecting date, although determined in 2007) by H.R. Silva and I. Fichberg. Itaguaí, municipality, Rio de Janeiro state: Adult females - EI 9030-9031 (24 April, 1974) by O.F. Fraga and C.A.G. Cruz. Paraty municipality, Rio de Janeiro state: Adult males - EI 9034 (7 April, 1979) by S.P. Carvalho-e-Silva, E. Izecksohn and C.A.G. Cruz, MNRJ 64586, (11 November, 2010) by C.C. Ciqueira, M.C. Kiefer and V.A. Menezes, ZUFRJ 405 (06-07 April, 1979) by S.P. Carvalho-e-Silva, E. Izecksohn, C.A.G. Cruz and O.L. Peixoto. Adult females - MNRJ 1367 (November/December, 1941), MNRJ 10535 (November or December, 1946), MNRJ 10537, (September or December, 1946), MNRJ 10539 (September or December, 1946) by A.L. Carvalho and B. Lutz, MNRJ 64584-64585 (11 November, 2010) by C.C. Ciqueira, M.C. Kiefer and V.A. Menezes. Diagnosis. The species is characterized by: 1) small to medium size (SVL 32.1–54.1 mm in males and 30.4 – 50.0 mm in females); 2) broad head, dorso-ventrally depressed (HW/SVL 54 %); 3) thigh length plus tibia length corresponding to more than 90 % of SVL); 4) gular region light brown; 5) ventral surface cream with scattered brown dots; 6) contact between nasal bones in their rostral extremities (Fig. 4); 7) wide contact between nasal and frontoparietal bones in their posterior extremities (Fig. 4); 8) iliac projection corresponding to more than 50 % of ilium diameter. Comparisons with other species (data for species in comparison are given in parenthesis; biometric comparisons only between males). Proceratophrys izecksohni differs from P. laticeps, P. melanopogon, P. phyllostomus and P. subguttata by presenting a preocular cutaneous crest (preocular cutaneous absent). From P. moehringi by the presence of a well developed rostral appendage in adults (rostral appendage absent or vestigial). It differs from P. sanctaritae by presenting a larger head length in relation to head width (HL/HW 90 % in P. izecksohni [87–91 %] and 80 % in P. sanctaritae [78–83 %]), by having longer hindlimbs (THL+TIL/SVL 93 % in P. izecksohni [90–99 %] and 83 % in P. sanctaritae [80-84 %]). It differs from P. tupinamba and P. appendiculata by presenting nasal bones widely in contact with the frontoparietal bones in their posterior extremities (nasals do not contact frontoparietals) and by presenting the nasal bones contacting each other rostrally (nasals do not contact each other) (Fig. 4). It also differs from P. tupinamba by the smaller size (SVL 32.1–54.2 in P. izecksohni and SVL 52.6–63.4 in P. t u p i n a m b a), by presenting a smaller eye diameter in relation to the head length (P. izecksohni, 18 %; P. tupinamba, 25 %), by the smaller foot size in relation to snout vent length (FL/SVL 48 % in P. izecksohni [47– 48 %] and 59 % in P. tupinamba [63–67 %]); by having a more prominent iliac projection (corresponding to more than 50 % of ilium diameter in P. izecksohni and less than 40 % in P. tupinamba); from P. appendiculata by the smaller size (SVL 32.1–54.2 mm in P. izecksohni and SVL 43.1 –58.0 mm in P. appendiculata), by the longer hindlimbs (THL+TIL/SVL 93 % in P. izecksohni [90-99 %] and 89 % in P. appendiculata [89.5–90 %]); by the texture of the squamosal bones (smooth in P. izecksohni and rough, with tubercles and crests in P. appendiculata) (Fig. 5 A and B); by presenting shallow maxillary pits (moderately deep in P. izecksohni and very deep in P. appendiculata); and by the shape of frontoparietal bones (almost uniform along their extension in P. izecksohni and broader medially in P. appendiculata) (Fig. 5 C and D). Description of holotype (Figs. 2 A and 3). Adult male with 32.14 mm of snout vent length; head slightly rounded, wider than long; head length representing 94.2 % of head width; nostrils elliptical, separated by a distance of approximately half of the eye diameter; snout short; distance of eye to snout corresponding to 21.1 % of head length; eye to nostril distance approximately 21.3 % of the head length; eyes lateral with a diameter equivalent to 22.2 % of the head length; a single and long palpebral appendage; pre-ocular crest present, continuous with the palpebral appendage; canthal crest present and well developed; row of tubercles ranging from the posterior corner of the eye to angle of jaw; vomerine teeth present; tongue cordiform, free posteriorly; frontoparietal crests poorly developed, with its outer margins parallels; region between frontoparietal crests slightly depressed; interocular ridge present and concave; tympanum not clearly defined; arm and forearm robust; forearms covered by conical tubercles; median outer metacarpal tubercles rounded and slightly prominent elliptical distal outer metacarpal tubercles; inner metacarpal tubercle elliptical; finger lengths IV ≈ II<I <III; fingers not webbed; legs elongate, with tibia longer than tight; tibia length plus thigh length corresponding to 93.4 % of SVL; foot length approximately equal to thigh length; foot length representing 48.9 % of snout vent length; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical, poorly developed; toe lengths I<II≈V<III<IV; toes poorly webbed; rough skin, covered by tubercles which are more evident on the limbs, and triangular tubercles in the flank area; ocular-dorsal ridge continuous with palpebral appendages, reaching the dorsal extreme of urostyle, with spear shape. Holotype Dimensions (mm): SVL: 32.1; HL: 15.9; HW: 16.9; THL: 14.2 TIL: 15.7; TRL: 7.5; FL: 15.7; HUL: 7.8; FAL: 8.1; HAL: 9.4; IOD: 6.5; END: 3.4; ESD: 6.85; IND: 1.5; NSD: 3.8 and ED: 3.5. Color in life (names in parentheses from Smithe’s catalog) (Fig. 6 A). Dark brown color on the dorsum (Dark Grayish Brown); region between the oculo-dorsal ridges with brighter areas of a light brown color (Buff); anterior and posterior limbs color’s similar to the dorsum, with light brown transversal stripes (Dark Drab); ventral surface of the body light brown (Clay color) with spaced darker spots more concentrated in the gular region (Dusky Brown); head with a black stain in the shape of an "M" between the canthal crests; dark brown iris (Cinnamon); tubercles of the ocular-dorsal ridge slightly lighter than the color of the dorsum (Raw umber). Color in preservative. The color has fainted in preservative (70 % ethanol), with the presence of transversal stripes on the limbs becoming more visible. Variation. There is a variation in the hue of the dorsum, with some individuals darker than others. Measurements data are given in the Tables 2 and 3 for males and females respectively. Geographical distribution. The new species is known from the municipalities of Angra dos Reis, Itaguaí, Mangaratiba and Paraty in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil (Fig. 7).Published as part of Dias, Pedro Henrique Dos Santos, Amaro, Renata Cecília, Carvalho-E-Silva, Ana Maria Paulino Telles De & Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut, 2013, Two new species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura; Odontophrynidae) from the Atlantic forest, with taxonomic remarks on the genus, pp. 277-304 in Zootaxa 3682 (2) on pages 281-287, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3682.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/21641

Two new species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura; Odontophrynidae) from the Atlantic forest, with taxonomic remarks on the genus

Dias, Pedro Henrique Dos Santos, Amaro, Renata Cecília, Carvalho-E-Silva, Ana Maria Paulino Telles De, Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut (2013): Two new species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura; Odontophrynidae) from the Atlantic forest, with taxonomic remarks on the genus. Zootaxa 3682 (2): 277-304, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3682.2.