Assessment of the myostatin Q204X allele using an allelic discrimination assay

An allelic discrimination assay was designed and used to determine the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the myostatin (MSTN) gene Q204X allele from two Mexican Full-French herds. The assay is a simple high throughput genotyping method that could be applied to investigate the effect of the Q204X allele on the Charolais breed

Tipificación de tres marcadores genéticos de caracteres de importancia comercial en ganado Charolais: implicaciones en la ganadería para carne en México Tipificação de três marcadores genéticos de importância comercial em gado Charolês: Implicações no gado de corte no México Three commercial-trait-related genetic markers typification in Charolais cattle: implications for mexican beef cattle production

Fueron obtenidas muestras de toros Charolais de registro (N=130) candidatos a sementales para hatos pie de cría manejados en un centro de pruebas de comportamiento productivo, con la finalidad de estimar las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas de tres marcadores simples de un solo nucleótido que han sido asociados con características de calidad de la carne en ganado bovino. Se analizaron dos polimorfismos en el gen Calpaína, CAPN316 y CAPN4751, y la mutación Q204X, privada de la raza Charolais, en el gen Miostatina. Se encontró alta frecuencia del alelo normal en CAPN316 (f=0.85) y frecuencia similares de los alelos normal y mutado para el marcador CAPN4751 (f= 0.58 y 0.48, respectivamente). Se analizó la frecuencia de la mutación Q204X del gen Miostatina, encontrándose baja frecuencia (f= 0.03) atribuible a la selección negativa para la característica de doble musculatura en los últimos 30 años. Se discuten las implicaciones del estudio y validación del efecto de estos marcadores en el sistema de productor de carne bovina. La implementación del uso de estos marcadores podría ayudar a incentivar el desarrollo del sistema, el fomento de nichos de mercado para la calidad de la carne y sobre aumentar la rentabilidad de los sistemas de producción de carne actuales.Foram obtidas amostras de machos da raça Charolês registrado (N=130) candidatos a serem reprodutores para fazendas de cria, manejados em una central de teste de desempenho, com a finalidade de estimar as freqüências genotípicas e gênicas de três marcadores de um só nucleótido, associados com características de qualidade da carne bovina. Foram analisados os polimorfismos do gen da Calpaína, CAPN316 e CAPN4751, e a mutação Q204X, privada da raza charolês, no gen da Miostatina. Foram encontradas freqüências altas do alelo normal na CAPN316 (f= 0.85) e freqüências similares dos alelos normal e mutado para o marcador CAPN4751 (f=0.58 e 0.48, respectivamente). Foi encontrada baixa freqüência da mutação Q204X do gen Miostatina (f=0.03) devido à seleção negativa para a característica de dupla musculatura nos últimos 30 anos. O uso destes marcadores poderia ajudar a incentivar o desenvolvimento e fomento de mercados específicos para qualidade de carne e aumentar a rentabilidade dos sistemas de produção de carne atuais.Samples from registered Charolais sire candidate bulls for breeding herds and managed in a performance test station (N=130) were analyzed in order to estimate genotypic and allelic frequencies of three single nucleotide polymorphisms associated to beef quality traits. Two Calpain gene SNP markers, CAPN316 and CAPN4751, and the Charolais private mutation Q204X associated to double-muscling phenotype, were assessed. High frequency of normal allele was observed in CAPN316 (f=0.85) and similar frequencies for normal and favorable alleles in CAPN4751 (f=0.58 and 0.42, respectively). For Q204X, a low prevalence for the double muscling promoter allele was observed (f=0.03) attributable to negative selection criterion over this trait in the last 30 years. Implication and validation effects of the marker effects on the beef production system are discussed. Implementation of marker assisted management could help system development, support creation of quality meat niches and facilitate the increasing profitability for current beef production industry

Convenient genotyping of nine bovine K-casein variants

K-casein gene polymorphisms are of major importance in the dairy industry due to their association with different quality and productive traits (i.e., milk protein). Several methods for genotyping this gene have been proposed; however, none are focused on the simultaneous discrimination of nine K-casein variants. A strategy based on PCR-RFLP was designed to characterize nine K-casein variants (A, B, C, E, F2, G, H, I and J) and used to genotype three cattle populations: Gyrholando (3/8 Gyr x 5/8 Holstein), Charolais and Carora. The B variant was the most frequent in the Charolais and Carora breeds, with allelic frequencies of 0.60 and 0.59, respectively. In the Gyrholando breed, four variants were found, with the A variant being the most frequent and E and H the least. The genotyping strategy was effective in detection and differentiation of K-casein variants, and it is proposed for use in laboratories with minimal molecular biology equipment for genotyping and evaluation of the phenotypic effects of nine K-casein variants on milk production and quality

Meat tenderness genetic polymorphisms occurrence and distribution in five Zebu breeds in Mexico

Background: The Zebu cattle are represented by a diverse group of breeds in México. Traditionally these breeds have been associated with the tough beef characteristic. Validated genetic markers have the potential to be included in marker-assisted selection and management programs in order to improve traits such as beef tenderness. The incidence and distribution of Calpain and Calpastatin polymorphisms strongly associated with beef tenderness were estimated in registered cattle of five Zebu breeds in Mexico. Results: A low and in some cases null frequency of favorable C allele of CAPN316 was determined in all breeds. Conversely, a more equilibrated frequency in CAPN4751 and CAST loci was observed. Conclusions: Although the relatively low occurrence of favorable alleles in assessed loci may limit their use in selection programs, genotyping availability might be a practical and comprehensive tool for introgression programs by marker assisted selection and management as to improve meat tenderness of Zebu breeds

Effect of Consuming Beef with Varying Fatty Acid Compositions as a Major Source of Protein in Volunteers under a Personalized Nutritional Program

Beef is an excellent source of nutrients; unfortunately, most nutritional recommendations suggest limiting or even avoiding it. Studies have shown that the fatty acid composition of meat influences weight loss. This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the anthropometric and serum lipid changes after a food intervention that included frequent beef consumption (120 g consumed four days/week for four weeks). Volunteers were randomly assigned to the commercial or Wagyu-Cross beef groups, with the latter beef possessing higher fat and MUFA contents. Both groups exhibited reductions in body measurements and lipid profiles; however, the Wagyu-Cross group exhibited greater changes in weight (−3.75 vs. −2.90 kg) and BMI (−1.49 vs. −1.03) than the commercial group, without a significant difference between them. No significant group differences in lipid profiles were observed; however, the Wagyu-Cross group exhibited a more favorable change in decreasing the TC concentration (−7.00 mg/dL) and LDL-C concentration (−12.5 mg/dL). We suggest that high MUFA beef could be included in weight-loss programs since it does not affect weight loss and hasn’t a negative influence on lipid metabolism