Velar activity in individuals with velopharyngeal insufficiency assessed by acoustic rhinometry

Acoustic rhinometry is routinely used for the evaluation of nasal patency. Objective: To investigate whether the technique is able to identify the impairment of velopharyngeal (VP) activity in individuals with clinical diagnosis of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Methods: Twenty subjects with repaired cleft palate and inadequate velopharyngeal function (IVF) and 18 non-cleft controls with adequate velopharyngeal function (AVF), adults, of both genders, were evaluated. Area-distance curves were obtained during VP rest and speech activity, using an Eccovision Acoustic Rhinometry system. Volume was determined by integrating the area under the curve at the segment corresponding to the nasopharynx. VP activity (ΔV) was estimated by the absolute and relative differences between nasopharyngeal volume at rest (Vr) and during an unreleased /k/ production (Vk). The efficiency of the technique to discriminate IVF and AVF was assessed by a ROC curve. Results: Mean Vk and Vr values (±SD) obtained were: 23.2±3.6 cm3 and 15.9±3.8 cm3 (AVF group), and 22.7±7.9 cm3 and 20.7±7.4 cm3 (IVF group), corresponding to a mean ΔV decay of 7.3 cm3 (31%) for the AVF group and a significantly smaller ΔV decay of 2.0 cm3 (9%) for the IVF group (p<0.05). Seventy percent of the IVF individuals showed a ΔV suggesting impaired VP function (below the cutoff score of 3.0 cm3 which maximized both sensitivity and specificity of the test), confirming clinical diagnosis. Conclusion: Acoustic rhinometry was able to identify, with a good discriminatory power, the impairment of VP activity which characterizes VPI.FAPESPCNPqCAPE

Velar activity in individuals with velopharyngeal insufficiency assessed by acoustic rhinometry

Acoustic rhinometry is routinely used for the evaluation of nasal patency. Objective: To investigate whether the technique is able to identify the impairment of velopharyngeal (VP) activity in individuals with clinical diagnosis of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Methods: Twenty subjects with repaired cleft palate and inadequate velopharyngeal function (IVF) and 18 non-cleft controls with adequate velopharyngeal function (AVF), adults, of both genders, were evaluated. Area-distance curves were obtained during VP rest and speech activity, using an Eccovision Acoustic Rhinometry system. Volume was determined by integrating the area under the curve at the segment corresponding to the nasopharynx. VP activity (ΔV) was estimated by the absolute and relative differences between nasopharyngeal volume at rest (Vr) and during an unreleased /k/ production (Vk). The efficiency of the technique to discriminate IVF and AVF was assessed by a ROC curve. Results: Mean Vk and Vr values (±SD) obtained were: 23.2±3.6 cm3 and 15.9±3.8 cm3 (AVF group), and 22.7±7.9 cm3 and 20.7±7.4 cm3 (IVF group), corresponding to a mean ΔV decay of 7.3 cm3 (31%) for the AVF group and a significantly smaller ΔV decay of 2.0 cm3 (9%) for the IVF group (

Speech resonance after septoplasty in a patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate

Purpose: The nasal airway is an important regulator of the pressures generated in speech when velopharyngeal function is altered. Patients with cleft palate often have nasal obstruction and increased nasal resistance, which can compensate a possible velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) and mask hypernasality. Clinical report: A 16 yearold patient, male, underwent nasometric and rhinomanometric assessment before and one year after septoplasty and bilateral inferior turbinectomy surgery. Nasometry was used to evaluate the nasalance scores (acoustic correlate of nasality) during the reading of a set of 5 sentences containing predominantly nasal sounds (nasal text) and a set containing exclusively oral sounds (oral text). Rhinomanometry permits the determination of the minimum nasal cross-sectional area (CSA) by the simultaneous measurement of the differential transnasal pressure and nasal air flow during resting breathing. Before surgery, the nasalance values were 40% and 26% in nasal and oral text, respectively, indicating hyponasality. Rhinomanometry showed that the values obtained for nasal area were 0.571cm2 and 0.094cm2 in the right and left sides respectively indicating a reduced nasal CSA of the left side. After surgery, there was an increase in nasalance to 55% in the nasal text and to 40% in the oral text, indicating hypernasality. Rhinomanometry indicated that nasal area were 0.237cm2 and 0.287cm2, in the right and left sides respectively. Conclusion: The surgery resulted in an increase of the nasal area and improving nasal patency. However, hypernasality was demonstrated. These results confirm what has already been reported by Warren et al (1992) in stating that in the presence of VPD "a good nose for breathing is often a bad nose for speech"

Objective Assessment of Internal Nasal Dimensions and Speech Resonance in Individuals With Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate After Rhinoseptoplasty

The objective of the current study was to analyze the effects of rhinoseptoplasty on internal nasal dimensions and speech resonance of individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate, estimated by acoustic rhinometry and nasometry, respectively. Twenty-one individuals (aged 15-46 years) with previously repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate were analyzed before (PRE), and 6 to 9 (POST1) and 12 to 18 months (POST2) after surgery. Acoustic rhinometry was used to measure the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of segments corresponding to the nasal valve (CSA1), anterior portion (CSA2), and posterior portion (CSA3) of the lower turbinate, and the volumes at the nasal valve (V1) and turbinate (V2) regions at cleft and noncleft sides, before and after nasal decongestion with a topical vasoconstrictor. Nasometry was used to evaluate speech nasalance during the reading of a set of sentences containing nasal sounds and other devoid of nasal sounds. At the cleft side, before nasal decongestion, there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in mean CSA1 and V1 values at POST1 and POST2 compared with PRE. After decongestion, increased values were also observed for CSA2 and V2 at POST2. No significant changes were observed at the noncleft side. Mean nasalance values at PRE, POST1, an POST2 were not different from each other in both oral and nasal sentences. The measurement of CSAs and volumes by acoustic rhinometry revealed that rhinoseptoplasty provided, in most cases analyzed, a significant increase in nasal patency, without concomitant changes in speech resonance, as estimated by nasalance assessment

Escores de nasalância de falantes do Português Brasileiro aos cinco anos de idade

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar valores de nasalância de crianças falantes do Português Brasileiro sem alterações na produção da fala, atraso de linguagem e deformidades dentofaciais evidentes, aos 5 anos de idade, e verificar as diferenças entre tipos de emissão e entre gêneros. Método A nasalância foi determinada em 20 crianças, 11 do gênero masculino e idade entre 4 anos e 10 meses e 5 anos e 11 meses, utilizando um nasômetro II 6450 (KayPENTAX), na produção de oito sílabas tipo consoante-vogal e uma sequência de nove vocábulos. A significância das diferenças entre os tipos de emissões foi verificada pelo Teste de Tukey e, entre os gêneros, pelo teste de Mann-Whitney, para um nível de 5%. Resultados Os valores médios de nasalância foram os seguintes: /pa/= 10±4%, /pi/= 22±7%, /sa/= 11±5%, /si/= 24±11%, /ma/= 57±11%, /mi/= 73±13%, /la/= 14±9%, /li/= 25±11%, vocábulos (pipa, bis, burro, tatu, pilha, cuca, gui, fila, luz)= 20±6%. Na maioria das comparações, os valores de nasalância das sílabas nasais foram significantemente maiores do que os das sílabas orais (com vogal alta ou neutra) e os valores das sílabas orais com vogal alta foram significativamente maiores que os das sílabas orais com vogal neutra. Não houve diferença significante entre os gêneros. Conclusão Foram definidos valores normais de nasalância de crianças falantes do Português Brasileiro, de 5 anos de idade, sendo que a metodologia empregada pode servir de padrão para o diagnóstico precoce de desvios de nasalidade, como a hipernasalidade observada na fala de crianças com fissura palatina

Dimensões internas nasais de adultos com obstrução nasal

O desvio septal (DS) e a hipertrofia de conchas (HC) aumentam a resistência ao fluxo aéreo respiratório, podendo prejudicar a patência nasal. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a geometria nasal de indivíduos com obstrução nasal (ON) por DS e/ou HC usando rinometria acústica. Forma de estudo: Clínico prospectivo. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 30 adultos com queixa de ON e DS+HC (n = 24), DS (n = 5) ou HC (n = 1) ao exame clínico e determinadas as áreas seccionais transversas em três principais deflexões do rinograma (AST1, AST2, AST3), suas distâncias relativamente às narinas (dAST1, dAST2, dAST3) e os volumes dos segmentos 1,0-3,2 cm (V1), 3,3-6,4 cm (V2) e 7,0-12,0 cm (V3), pré e pós-descongestão nasal (DN). Foram consideradas, para análise, as somas de AST e V das cavidades direita e esquerda e a média de dAST. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios (± DP) pré-DN corresponderam a 0,83 ± 0,23 (AST1), 1,66 ± 0,52 (AST2) e 2,36 ± 0,77 (AST3) cm2, 2,19 ± 0,20 (dAST1), 4,01 ± 0,33 (dAST2) e 5,85 ± 0,37 (dAST3) cm, 2,77 ± 0,51 (V1), 6,52 ± 1,99 (V2), 26,00 ± 9,62 (V3) cm3, todos menores (p < 0,05) que valores de referência do laboratório. A DN causou aumentos proporcionalmente maiores neste grupo ON, sugerindo componente funcional associado. A análise individual mostrou 12 casos com resultados normais, apesar da ON. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos pacientes com ON estrutural apresentou resultados sugestivos de comprometimento da patência nasal ao exame rinométrico

Áreas seccionais nasais de adultos sadios aferidas por rinometria acústica Nasal cavity geometry of healthy adults assessed using acoustic rhinometry

A rinometria acústica tem sido utilizada como teste específico da permeabilidade nasal. OBJETIVO: O propósito do presente estudo foi determinar valores de referência de áreas de secção transversa da cavidade nasal de adultos sadios pela técnica rinométrica. DESENHO: Estudo clínico prospectivo. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Trinta voluntários sem evidências de obstrução nasal com idade entre 18 e 30 anos (14 homens e 16 mulheres) foram avaliados antes e após a aplicação tópica de vasoconstritor nasal. As áreas de secção transversa foram medidas nos três entalhes do rinograma correspondentes à válvula nasal (AST1), região anterior (AST2) e região posterior (AST3) das conchas nasais inferior e média. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios (±DP) das áreas aferidas em 60 cavidades antes da vasoconstrição nasal foram os seguintes: 0,54±0,13cm2 (AST1), 0,98±0,31cm2 (AST2) e 1,42±0,44cm2 (AST3). Após a vasoconstrição, os valores médios dos três segmentos analisados foram significantemente maiores (p<0,05). Não foram constatadas diferenças significantes entre os sexos. CONCLUSÃO: As áreas seccionais nasais de adultos obtidas para adultos podem ser usadas para fins de controle no estudo de pacientes com obstrução nasal, em complementação aos volumes nasais relatados anteriormente por nosso grupo.<br>Acoustic rhinometry (AR) has been used as a specific test for nasal patency. AIM: this study aimed to set the reference values for nasal cavity cross-section geometry in healthy adults through AR. STUDY DESIGN: this is a clinical prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHOD: thirty volunteers (14 males and 16 females) without signs of nasal obstruction and aged between 18 and 30 years were enrolled in this study. They were assessed before and after being treated topically with a nasal vasoconstrictor drug. Their nasal cross-sectional areas were measured at the three dips of the rhinogram, corresponding respectively to the nasal valve (CSA1), the anterior (CSA2), and the posterior (CSA3) region of the inferior and middle turbinate. RESULTS: the mean areas (±SD) for 60 nasal cavities before nasal vasoconstriction were: 0.54±0.13cm2 (CSA1), 0.98±0.31 cm2 (CSA2), and 1.42±0.44cm2 (CSA3). After vasoconstriction, the mean values of the three segments analyzed were significantly larger (p<0.05). Gender was not a statistically significant variable. CONCLUSION: The nasal cross-sectional areas obtained for adults may be used for control purposes when studying patients with nasal obstruction, in conjunction with the nasal volume values previously reported by our group