Does Suppression Levels of Testosterone Have an Impact in The Craniofacial Growth? A Systematic Review in Animal Studies/ A supressão de testosterona impacta o crescimento craniofacial? Uma revisão sistemática de estudos com animais

Sexual hormonal disturbances in humans alter the growth bone. Suppression testosterone is performed in animals for evaluated their effects on craniofacial complex. The aim of this study is to investigate, through of a systematic review from animal studies, the effects of testosterone suppression on the craniofacial complex development. Seven databases, including Open Grey literature, were searched since inception to March 01, 2021, following strategy MEDLINE for terms conducted the search. The study design PICOS was used to establish the eligibility criteria: P - Animals; I - Suppression of testosterone production; C - Animals with normal levels of testosterone; O - Effect in craniofacial growth/development; S - In vivo studies. Relevant data were collected and inserted in characteristics of studies table. Risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Ten studies were included in the systematic review. Two were classified with low risk of bias and eight with unclear. The mandible in experiment group was significantly smaller than control group. The trabecular bone mineral density of the mandible was decrease after testosterone suppression. There was an increase in the number of osteoclasts in the experimental groups. All cephalometric measurements of the maxilla, except in one study, were reduced in orchiectomized rats. The expression of androgen receptor was significantly reduced in head condyle of the experimental group. Testosterone suppression decreases the growth of craniofacial complex bones through imbalance of the bone turnover due to the increase in the number of osteoclasts

ESTUDO SOBRE A CONTAMINAÇÃO DE JALECO POR Staphylococcus COMO SUBSIDIO PARA O CONHECIMENTO DAS INFECÇÕES CRUZADASDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5892/ruvrd.v13i1. 2191

Para prevenir a contaminação por agentes infecciosos os profissionais de saúde adotam medidas de biossegurança no ambiente de trabalho, uma delas é a utilização do jaleco. Bactérias podem ser veiculadas pelo jaleco e o uso do mesmo fora do ambiente de trabalho, além de constituir falta de higiene, representa um risco importante de disseminação de doenças. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo de avaliar qualitativamente e quantitativamente a presença de Staphylococcus em jalecos utilizados por alunos do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Alfenas-MG. O material foi colhido dos jalecos na região do bolso, punho e peito por meio do contato das placas tipo RODAC contendo mannitol salt ágar para isolamento de Staphylococcus. As placas foram incubadas a 37ºC por 48 horas. Foi feita a análise microbiológica através da contagem de colônias, provas bioquímicas e antibiograma. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Observou-se a presença de Staphylococcus em jalecos utilizados por alunos do curso de Odontologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre as três áreas de coleta em relação ao nível de contaminação. Não houve correlação entre o tempo em que o jaleco encontrava-se em uso com contaminação nas três áreas analisadas. A maioria dos alunos higienizava seu jaleco semanalmente e o tecido predominante foi a microfibra. Todos os entrevistados tinham consciência do risco e utilizam o jaleco somente no ambiente clínico. Concluímos que os jalecos dos alunos do curso de Odontologia da UNIFAL-MG apresentaram contaminação por Staphylococcus sp podendo assim servir como fonte potencial de infecções cruzadas.

Estudo sobre a contaminação de jaleco por Staphylococcus como subsidio para o conhecimento das infecções cruzadas

Para prevenir a contaminação por agentes infecciosos os profissionais de saúde adotam medidas de biossegurança no ambiente de trabalho, uma delas é a utilização do jaleco. Bactérias podem ser veiculadas pelo jaleco e o uso do mesmo fora do ambiente de trabalho, além de constituir falta de higiene, representa um risco importante de disseminação de doenças. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo de avaliar qualitativamente e quantitativamente a presença de Staphylococcus em jalecos utilizados por alunos do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Alfenas-MG. O material foi colhido dos jalecos na região do bolso, punho e peito por meio do contato das placas tipo RODAC contendo mannitol salt ágar para isolamento de Staphylococcus. As placas foram incubadas a 37ºC por 48 horas. Foi feita a análise microbiológica através da contagem de colônias, provas bioquímicas e antibiograma. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Observou-se a presença de Staphylococcus em jalecos utilizados por alunos do curso de Odontologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre as três áreas de coleta em relação ao nível de contaminação. Não houve correlação entre o tempo em que o jaleco encontrava-se em uso com contaminação nas três áreas analisadas. A maioria dos alunos higienizava seu jaleco semanalmente e o tecido predominante foi a microfibra. Todos os entrevistados tinham consciência do risco e utilizam o jaleco somente no ambiente clínico. Concluímos que os jalecos dos alunos do curso de Odontologia da UNIFAL-MG apresentaram contaminação por Staphylococcus sp podendo assim servir como fonte potencial de infecções cruzadas.

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care