Avaliação in vitro do efeito das tinturas de Camellia sinensis e de Aloe arborescens na remineralização de lesão de cárie artificial em esmalte dentário humano

This in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of Camellia sinensis and Aloe arborescens tinctures in the remineralization of subsurface carious lesions artificially developed in human dental enamel. Ninety specimens from sound permanent molars were distributed into 6 groups (n=15): GH=sound enamel and artificial saliva, GS=decayed enamel and artificial saliva, GA=decayed enamel and deionized water, GF=decayed enamel and 0.05% sodium fluoride aqueous solution, GC=decayed enamel and C. sinensis tincture and GB=decayed enamel and A. arborescens tincture. Surface microhardness essay was performed on sound specimens (KHN1), after the caries lesion development (KHN2) and after treatment (KHN3). Cross-sectional microhardness essay (KHND) was performed to measure the lesion depth. One specimen of each group was submitted to: EDS to assess the enamel Ca/P ratio; SEM to verify topographical changes on the enamel surface and to the MLP to reveal the histological aspects of carious lesions. The volume percent of mineral content was performed with the KHN3 and KHND averages. The microhardness averages were submitted to the following statistical analyzes: ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparisons, Dunnettt multiple comparisons and paired t test (p<0.05). There was an increase in the surface and cross-sectional microhardness values after treatments, as well as in the mineral content, except for GA. It was concluded that the treatments were effective in remineralization of dental caries on the surface and on the cross-sectional microhardness essays, when compared to GA. All treatments reduced the depth of the lesion, especially the NaF solution, followed by C. sinensis, saliva and A. arborescensO estudo avaliou a efetividade das tinturas de Camellia sinensis e de Aloe arborescens na remineralização de lesão artificial de cárie subsuperficial no esmalte dentário humano. Noventa espécimes de molares permanentes hígidos foram distribuídos em 6 grupos (n=15): GH=esmalte hígido e saliva artificial, GS=esmalte cariado e saliva artificial, GA=esmalte cariado e água deionizada, GF=esmalte cariado e solução aquosa de fluoreto de sódio 0,05%, GC=esmalte cariado e tintura de C. sinensis e GB=esmalte cariado e tintura de A. arborescens. A microdureza superficial foi mensurada nos espécimes quando hígidos (KHN1), após a formação da lesão de cárie (KHN2) e após os tratamentos (KHN3). A microdureza em secção transversa (KHND) foi mensurada para avaliação da profundidade da lesão. Um espécime de cada grupo foi submetido: ao EDS, para avaliar a razão Ca/P do esmalte; ao MEV, para verificar alterações topográficas na superfície e à MLP para comprovar histologicamente a formação da lesão de cárie. A porcentagem do volume de conteúdo mineral foi realizada com as médias KHN3 e KHND. As médias dos valores de microdureza foram submetidas aos testes estatísticos ANOVA, Tukey comparações múltiplas, Dunnettt comparações múltiplas e t pareado (p<0,05). Houve aumento nos valores de microdureza superficial e em secção transversa após os tratamentos, assim como do conteúdo mineral, com exceção de GA. Concluiu-se que os tratamentos foram efetivos na remineralização da lesão de cárie tanto na microdureza superficial quanto em secção transversa, quando comparados a GA. Todos os tratamentos diminuíram a profundidade da lesão, com destaque para a solução de NaF, seguido pela tintura de C. sinensis, saliva e tintura de A. arborescensCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Presença de microrganismos potencialmente superinfactantes na cavidade bucal de pacientes com anemia falciforme em uso de hidroxiuréia

Considerando-se que portadores de anemia falciforme apresentam relatado aumento da suscetibilidade às infecções e que reservatórios bucais de microrganismos patogênicos podem representar uma porta de entrada para doenças, a avaliação da microbiota bucal potencialmente patogênica ganha relevância. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de leveduras do gênero Candida, estafilococos, enterobactérias e Pseudomonas spp. na cavidade bucal de pacientes com anemia falciforme em tratamento com hidroxiuréia, comparando os resultados com indivíduos controle. Foram incluídos no estudo 69 pacientes, com idades entre 15 a 60 anos, portadores de anemia falciforme, confirmados por exames clínicos e laboratoriais. Estes foram divididos em dois grupos: em tratamento com hidroxiuréia (HU) por no mínimo 90 dias (n=30); sem tratamento com HU (n=39). Foram também incluídos dois grupos controle pareados (controle I e II, respectivamente), sendo indivíduos saudáveis com perfil semelhante (quanto à idade, sexo e condições bucais) aos dos grupos em estudo. Não foram incluídos pacientes diabéticos, portadores de próteses bucais totais, outras doenças sistêmicas e que estivessem sob terapia com medicamentos que podem interferir com as condições bucais. Foram realizados exame clínico, anamnese e coleta de enxágüe bucal de cada paciente. Este foi semeado em meios de cultura específicos para cada microrganismo e, após incubação, foram obtidos valores de UFC/mL. Os isolados foram identificados pelo sistema API. A prevalência das espécies de microrganismos isolados foi comparada entre os grupos anemia falciforme com HU (AnF/HU+), sem HU (AnF/HU-) com seus respectivos controles. Foram realizados testes de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos segundo metodologia CLSI. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as contagens de estafilococos...Considering that sickle cell anemia patients have reported increased susceptibility to infections and oral reservoirs of pathogens may represent a gateway for disease, evaluation of potentially pathogenic oral flora becomes relevant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Candida species, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. in the oral cavity of patients with sickle cell disease under treatment with hidroxyurea (HU), comparing the results with control subjects. The study included 69 patients aged 15-60 years, with sickle cell disease, confirmed by clinical and laboratory examinations. These were divided into two groups:under treatment with HU for at least 90 days (n=30), and without HU (n=39). Two matched controls (control I and II, respectively), composed of healthy individuals with similar profile (age, gender and oral conditions) to the study groups were included. Diabetic patients, patients with dentures, and other systemic diseases and those under treatment with medications that can interfere with oral conditions were not included. Clinical examination and anamnese were performed and mouthrinse sample was collected from each patient. The sample was plated into specific culture media for each microorganism and, after incubation values of cfu/ml were obtained. Isolates were identified by API system. The prevalence of the species were compared between groups with sickle cell anemia HU (AnF/HU+) and without HU (AnF/HU-) and the respective control groups. Antimicrobial susceptibility testings were performed according to the CLSI methodology. There were no statistically significant differences counts of staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae/Pseudomonas between the groups AnF/HU+ and AnF/HU- and the respective control groups. Significant differences in the counts of yeasts were observed between AnF/HU- group and the respective control, however... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Effectiveness of 2% peracetic acid for the disinfection of gutta-percha cones

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2% peracetic acid for the disinfection of gutta-percha cones contaminated in vitro with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans and Bacillus subtilus (in spore form). Two hundred and twenty-five gutta-percha cones were contaminated with standardized suspensions of each microorganism and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The cones were divided into 10 experimental groups (n = 15), according to the microorganism tested and disinfection testing times. The disinfection procedure consisted of immersing each cone in a plastic tube containing the substance. The specimens remained in contact with the substance for 1 or 2.5 minutes. Afterwards, each cone was transferred to a 10% sodium thiosulphate solution (Na2S2O3) to neutralize the disinfectant. Microbial biofilms adhering to the cones were dispersed by agitation. Aliquots of 0.1 ml of the suspensions obtained were plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar, or brain and heart infusion agar, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The results were expressed in colony forming units (CFU/ml) and the data were submitted to the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (level of significance at 0.05). A significant reduction was observed, after 1 minute of exposure, in the test solution for C. albicans (p = 0.0190), S. aureus (p = 0.0001), S. mutans (p = 0.0001), B. subtilis (p = 0.0001), and E. coli (p = 0.0001). After 2.5 minutes of exposure, 100% of the microbial inocula were eliminated. It was concluded that the 2% peracetic acid solution was effective against the biofilms of the tested microorganisms on gutta-percha cones at 1 minute of exposure

A flexible level-set approach for tracking multiple interacting interfaces in embedded boundary methods

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of Candida species and presence of lesions in the oral cavity of patients with sickle cell anemia (SS). Methods: The study included 30 patients diagnosed with sickle cell anemia and taking hydroxyurea for at least 90 days (SS/HU+); and 39 patients with sickle cell anemia and without hydroxyurea therapy (SS/HU-). Two control groups were constituted by healthy individuals matched to the test groups in age, gender, and oral conditions (C/HU+ for SS/HU+ and C/HU- for SS/HU-). Oral clinical examination and anamnesis were performed. Yeasts were collected by oral rinses and identified by API system. Antifungal susceptibility evaluation was performed according to the CLSI methodology. Data obtained for microorganisms counts were compared by Student's t test (SS/HU+ vs. C/HU+ and SS/HU- vs. C/HU-) using MINITAB for Windows 1.4. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: No oral candidosis lesions were detected. Significant differences in yeasts counts were observed between SS/HU- group and the respective control, but there were no differences between SS/HU+ and C/HU+. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species in all groups. Candida famata was observed both in SS and control groups. Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida pelliculosa, and Candida parapsilosis were observed only in SS groups. Most strains were susceptible to all antifungal agents. Conclusion: Hydroxyurea therapy seems to decrease candidal counts and resistance rate in sickle cell anemia patients. However, further studies should be conducted in the future to confirm this finding. Hydroxyurea therapy in sickle cell anemia patients maintains fungal species balance in oral cavity. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Polishing for glass ceramics: Which protocol?

Purpose: The execution of adjustments on ceramic restorations is sometimes necessary for either correction of occlusion and/or inadequate contours or esthetical improvements. Clinically, the surfaces undergo weariness through fine grinding diamond burs which remove the superficial glazing layer. Several materials for ceramic polishing have been used in an attempt to reach a satisfactory surface smoothness. The aim of this study was to perform a literature review on different polishing protocols of several dental ceramics. Study selection: This is a literature review performed through scientific articles published between 2004 and 2012, indexed in MEDLINE, PubMed and Scielo databases. The study selected and analyzed a total of 20 relevant articles that evaluated different types of ceramics, polishing treatment and surface roughness.Results: After an extensive literature review, this study observed: 1 - after the rupture of the glazing layer due to the adjustments of the restorations, the best choice for the polishing of the surface will depend on the type of ceramics used; 2 - glazing procedure provide excellent results regarding to the superficial smoothness; however, if reglazing is impossible, either abrasive rubber cups/points or sandpaper discs followed by the use of diamond polishing pastes results in a satisfactory superficial smoothness; 3 - clinical studies that take into account the behavior of the protocols polishing are scarce and should be encouraged; 4 - the large number of variables influence the final outcome of polishing should be considered. Conclusions: The necessity in standardization of methodologies to enable a comparison among researches. (c) 2014 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ireland. All rights reserved

Disinfection protocols to prevent cross-contamination between dental offices and prosthetic laboratories

Control of cross-contamination between dental offices and prosthetic laboratories is of utmost importance to maintain the health of patients and dental office staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate disinfection protocols, considering antimicrobial effectiveness and damage to the structures of prostheses. Solutions of 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, 50% vinegar and sodium perborate were evaluated. Specimens were contaminated in vitro with standardized suspensions of Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis spores. Disinfection by immersion for 10. min was performed. Final counts of microorganisms were obtained using the plating method. Results were statistically compared by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Dunn's test. The surface roughness of 40 specimens was analyzed before and after 10 disinfection cycles, and results were compared statistically using Student's t test. The solution of 50% vinegar was as effective as 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine against C. albicans, E. coli and S. mutans. The sodium perborate solution showed the lowest antimicrobial effectiveness. Superficial roughness increased after cycles in 1% sodium hypochlorite (p=0.02). Solutions of 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine and 50% vinegar were effective for the disinfection of heat-polymerized acrylic specimens. Sodium hypochlorite increased the superficial roughness. © 2013 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences