Method to determine the risk of metabolic syndrome among schoolchildren

El incremento de obesidad infantil se ha asociado con resistencia a la insulina (RI) y factores individuales de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. El objetivo del trabajo fue valorar el riesgo de síndrome metabólico (SM) de un colectivo de escolares españoles según diferentes criterios diagnósticos. En el estudio se incluyeron 505 escolares (8 a 13 años) de diferentes localidades españolas, empleando diferentes métodos para la recopilación de los datos. Se evaluó el riesgo de padecer síndrome metabólico según diferentes criterios diagnósticos. Los resultados mostraron un elevado porcentaje de sobrepeso (15,9%) y obesidad (17,3%). Un 6,7% de los escolares podrían padecer el riesgo de SM según el criterio Cook aplicado en este estudio. Es recomendable utilizar el criterio diagnóstico de Cook para evaluar el riesgo de padecer SM empleado en este estudio, porque es aplicable a diferentes grupos poblacionales, incluye a niños menores de 10 años y es una metodología más simple que otras.The increase in chidhood obesity has been associated with insulin resistance (IR) and individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The objective of this work was to assess the risk of metabolic syndrome in a group of Spanish schoolchildren according to different diagnostic criteria. 505 schoolchildren (8-13 of age) from different Spanish locations were included in the study, and different methods were used to collect data. What was evaluated was the risk of having metabolic syndrome (MS) according to different diagnostic criteria. The results showed a high percentage of overweight (15,9%) and obesity (17,3%). A 6,7% of schoolchildren may suffer the risk of MS according to the Cook criterion applied in this study. It is recommended to use the diagnostic criteria of Cook to assess the risk of MS because it is applicable to different population groups, it includes children under 10 and it is simpler than other methods.Fil: de Piero Belmonte, Alexia Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Rodríguez, Elena. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: González Rodríguez, Liliana Guadalupe. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: López Sobaler, Ana María. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Españ

Serum vitamin d and metabolic risc factors in a group of spanish schoolchildren

Objetivo: Analizar la situación nutricional en vitamina D y su relación con diferentes factores de riesgo asociados al síndrome metabólico (SM) en un grupo de escolares españoles. Materiales y métodos: Se ha estudiado un colectivo de 314 escolares con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 13 años, residentes en A Coruña, Barcelona, Madrid, Sevilla y Valencia. Se recogieron datos antropométricos de peso, talla, circunferencias de cintura, cadera y pliegue tricipital, datos de tensión arterial y en suero se valoraron los niveles de glucosa, triglicéridos, HDL-c y 25-hidroxicolecalciferol (25(OH)D). Teniendo en cuenta el criterio de Cook se ha establecido la presencia de los siguientes factores de riesgo de SM: glucosa ≥100 mg/dL; perímetro de cintura ≥P90; triglicéridos >P90, HDL ≤P10; y presión arterial sistólica o diastólica >P90. Resultados: Los niveles séricos de 25(OH)D medios fueron de 23.0±8.6 ng/mL. Un 47,1% tuvo niveles indicadores de hipovitaminosis (20-30 ng/mL) y el 35% tuvo deficiencia de la vitamina (<20 ng/mL). Comparado con los escolares del primer cuartil, los del segundo tienen un menor riesgo de tener triglicéridos elevados (OR=0.50 [CI=0.25-0.99] y los del tercero, menor riesgo de tener triglicéridos y tensión arterial elevada (0.60[CI=0.42- 0.86] y 0.50 [CI=0.32-0.79], respectivamente). Conclusión: La prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D es elevada en este colectivo de escolares españoles. Bajos niveles de vitamina D sérica se asocian con un mayor riesgo de presentar triglicéridos y tensión arterial elevada.Objective: To analyze the vitamin D status and its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors in a group of Spanish schoolchildren. Material and methods: A group of 314 Spanish schoolchildren (8-13 years old) from A Coruña, Barcelona, Madrid, Seville and Valencia were studied. Anthropometric data on weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and triceps skinfold, as well as blood pressure data were collected. Serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, HDL-c and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25 (OH) D) were assessed. Following Cook criterion, the following MS risk factors were defined: glucose ≥100 mg/dL; ≥P90 waist circumference; triglycerides> P90, HDL ≤P10; and sistolic and/or diastolic blood pressure > P90. Results: Mean serum 25(OH)D were 23.0±8.6 ng/mL. Forty seven percent of children had hypovitaminosis (20- 30 ng/mL) and 35% had vitamin deficiency (<20 ng/mL). Compared to the first tertile, children in the second tertile have a lower risk of elevated triglycerides (OR = 0.50 [CI = 0.25 to 0.99]; those in the the third tertile had lower risk of high blood pressure and triglycerides (0.60 [CI = 0.42 -0.86] and 0.50 [CI = 0.32 to 0.79], respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in this group of Spanish schoolchildren. Low serum levels of vitamin D are associated with an increased risk of elevated triglycerides and blood pressure.Fil: de Piero Belmonte, Alexia Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Rodríguez, Elena. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: González Rodríguez, Liliana Guadalupe. Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio; España. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Ortega Anta, Rosa María. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: López Sobaler, Ana María. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Españ

Association between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Abdominal Obesity and Healthy Eating Index in a Representative Older Spanish Population

Poor diet quality and obesity, especially abdominal obesity, have been associated with systemic inflammation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is an available and inexpensive inflammation biomarker. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of dietary patterns and obesity with an inflammatory state. A group of 1747 Spanish noninstitutionalized older adults individuals were included, and a food-frequency questionnaire was applied. The Global Food Score (GFS) and Healthy Eating Index for Spanish population (SHEI) were calculated. Weight, height and waist (WC) and hip circumferences were measured, and BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) determined. In addition, body-fat percentage was measured by bioimpedance. NLR was calculated (NLR ≥ p80: 2.6; 2.8 and 2.4 as inflammatory status in the entire population, men and women, respectively). The men with inflammatory status presented significative higher values of WC, WHtR, WHR, and body-fat percentage (101.82 ± 10.34 cm, 0.61 ± 0.06, 0.98 ± 0.06, and 31.68 ± 5.94%, respectively) than those with better inflammatory status (100.18 ± 10.22 cm, 0.59 ± 0.06, 0.97 ± 0.07, and 30.31 ± 6.16%, respectively). Those males with worse inflammatory state had lower scores for protein foods (OR = 0.898 (0.812–0.993); p = 0.037). The women with NLR ≥ 2.4 had higher WHtR and WHR (0.62 ± 0.09 and 0.91 ± 0.09) than those with NLR < 2.4 (0.60 ± 0.08 and 0.90 ± 0.08). In multiple linear regression analysis, NLR was positively related with WHtR and negatively related with SHEI score (β = 0.224 ± 0.094; R 2 = 0.060; p < 0.05 and β = −0.218 ± 0.101; R 2 = 0.061; p < 0.05), adjusting by sex, age, marital status, education level, smoking, hours of sleeping and inflammatory diseases. In women, the higher the SHEI and GFS scores were and the better meeting the aims of cereal and vegetable servings, the less the odds of inflammatory status (OR = 0.970 (0.948–0.992); p = 0.008; OR = 0.963 (0.932–0.995); p = 0.024; OR = 0.818 (0.688–0.974); p = 0.024 and OR = 0.829 (0.730–0.942); p = 0.004, respectively). WHtR and quality of diet is related to the inflammation status in older adults regardless to the sex

Sugar Content in Processed Foods in Spain and a Comparison of Mandatory Nutrition Labelling and Laboratory Values

To reduce the sugar content of processed foods through reformulation, the first step is to determine the content of the largest sources of sugars in each country’s diet. The aim of this work was to describe the sugar content in the most commonly consumed processed foods in Spain and to compare that sugar’s labelling and laboratory analysis values (LVs and AVs, respectively) to confirm its adequacy. A sample of the 1173 most commonly consumed processed foods in Spain (28 groups; 77 subcategories) was collected. For each product, the total sugar content was compared according to its AV and LV. The median (25th –75th percentiles, interquartile range) sugar content by group was calculated for the total sample, and the groups were classified as “high sugar content” when this value was above 22.5 g/100g of product. The adequacy of the LV, according to the European Union (EU) tolerance requirements, was then evaluated, and each subcategory median was compared with the AV to determine its appropriateness via a median test for independent samples (p < 0.05). In total, 10 out of 28 groups presented high sugar content. Moreover, 98.4% of the products met the EU tolerance ranges. Finally, only one subcategory (“cured ham”) presented significant differences between the AV and LV median values (0.4 g vs. 0.1 g sugar/100g, p < 0.05). The groups of food products whose sugar content reduction could have the greatest impact on public health were identified. In addition, our study showed the high adequacy of LV with the EU labeling tolerance requirements, as well as the LV’s appropriateness as a tool to implement actions aimed at reducing sugar consumption

INSTrumento de Apoyo infoGRAFico (InstaGRAF)

El "INSTrumento de Apoyo infoGRAFico (InstaGRAF)" es una actividad docente basada en la creación de un recurso educativo innovador en abierto y virtual que utiliza infografías y redes sociales para motivar, apoyar e incentivar el aprendizaje activo de los estudiantes aplicando de forma integradora los diferentes conocimientos teóricos impartidos en clases teóricas de los Grados de Farmacia y Nutrición Humana y Dietética durante el curso academico 2020/2021. Los resultados de la implantación de InstaGRAF durante el curso académico ponen de manifiesto que La elaboración de infografías y su difusión a través de redes sociales constituyen un método didáctico original y creativo bien aceptado y valorado por los estudiantes que les ha permitido comprender mejor los conceptos explicados en clase y ha contribuido a obtener un mejor rendimiento académico de los estudiantes participantes. La plataforma InstaGRAF podría ser una herramienta útil y sencilla con gran versatilidad que podría ser utilizada en cualquier asignatura y grado académico

Herramienta Kahoot como estrategia para fomentar la participación y el aprendizaje activo del alumno

Depto. de Química en Ciencias FarmacéuticasFac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte

Usual Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years. Findings from the EsNuPI Study

Bone problems in the population begin to be establish in childhood. The present study aims to assess the usual calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D intakes, along with the food sources of these nutrients, in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española) study. Two 24 h dietary recalls were applied to 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two sub-samples: one reference sample (RS) of the general population [n = 707] and another sample which exclusively included children consuming enriched or fortified milks, here called “adapted milks” (AMS) [n = 741]. Estimation of the usual intake shows that nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except vitamin D. Using as reference the Dietary Reference Values from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), calcium and magnesium intakes were found to be below the average requirement (AR) and adequate intake (AI), respectively, in a considerable percentage of children. Furthermore, phosphorus exceeded the AI in 100% of individuals and vitamin D was lower than the AI in almost all children studied. The results were very similar when considering only plausible reporters. When analyzing the food sources of the nutrients studied, milk and dairy products contributed the most to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D. Other sources of calcium were cereals and vegetables; for phosphorus: meat, meat products, and cereals; for magnesium: cereals and fruits; and, for vitamin D: fish and eggs. These results highlight the desirability of improving the intake concerning these nutrients, which are involved in bone and metabolic health in children. The AMS group appeared to contribute better to the adequacy of those nutrients than the RS group, but both still need further improvement. Of special interest are the results of vitamin D intakes, which were significantly higher in the AMS group (although still below the AI), independent of ageThis research was funded by Instituto Puleva de Nutrición (IPN)S

Age and APOE genotype affect the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and power in the alpha band, a marker of brain disease

BACKGROUND: Electrophysiological studies show that reductions in power within the alpha band are associated with the Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) continuum. Physical activity (PA) is a protective factor that has proved to reduce AD risk and pathological brain burden. Previous research has confirmed that exercise increases power in the alpha range. However, little is known regarding whether other non-modifiable risk factors for AD, such as increased age or APOE ε4 carriage, alter the association between PA and power in the alpha band. METHODS: The relationship between PA and alpha band power was examined in a sample of 113 healthy adults using magnetoencephalography. Additionally, we explored whether ε4 carriage and age modulate this association. The correlations between alpha power and gray matter volumes and cognition were also investigated. RESULTS: We detected a parieto-occipital cluster in which PA positively correlated with alpha power. The association between PA and alpha power remained following stratification of the cohort by genotype. Younger and older adults were investigated separately, and only younger adults exhibited a positive relationship between PA and alpha power. Interestingly, when four groups were created based on age (younger-older adult) and APOE (E3/E3-E3/E4), only younger E3/E3 (least predicted risk) and older E3/E4 (greatest predicted risk) had associations between greater alpha power and higher PA. Among older E3/E4, greater alpha power in these regions was associated with improved memory and preserved brain structure. CONCLUSION: PA could protect against the slowing of brain activity that characterizes the AD continuum, where it is of benefit for all individuals, especially E3/E4 older adults