3,841 research outputs found
Rule-driven News Captioning
News captioning task aims to generate sentences by describing named entities
or concrete events for an image with its news article. Existing methods have
achieved remarkable results by relying on the large-scale pre-trained models,
which primarily focus on the correlations between the input news content and
the output predictions. However, the news captioning requires adhering to some
fundamental rules of news reporting, such as accurately describing the
individuals and actions associated with the event. In this paper, we propose
the rule-driven news captioning method, which can generate image descriptions
following designated rule signal. Specifically, we first design the news-aware
semantic rule for the descriptions. This rule incorporates the primary action
depicted in the image (e.g., "performing") and the roles played by named
entities involved in the action (e.g., "Agent" and "Place"). Second, we inject
this semantic rule into the large-scale pre-trained model, BART, with the
prefix-tuning strategy, where multiple encoder layers are embedded with
news-aware semantic rule. Finally, we can effectively guide BART to generate
news sentences that comply with the designated rule. Extensive experiments on
two widely used datasets (i.e., GoodNews and NYTimes800k) demonstrate the
effectiveness of our method
Experimental Realization of Entanglement Concentration and A Quantum Repeater
We report an experimental realization of entanglement concentration using two
polarization-entangled photon pairs produced by pulsed parametric
down-conversion. In the meantime, our setup also provides a proof-in-principle
demonstration of a quantum repeater. The quality of our procedure is verified
by observing a violation of Bell's inequality by more than 5 standard
deviations. The high experimental accuracy achieved in the experiment implies
that the requirement of tolerable error rate in multi-stage realization of
quantum repeaters can be fulfilled, hence providing a practical toolbox for
quantum communication over large distances.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitte
Experimental Test of Quantum Jarzynski Equality with a Trapped Ion System
The past two decades witnessed important developments in the field of
non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Among these developments, the Jarzynski
equality, being a milestone following the landmark work of Clausius and Kelvin,
stands out. The Jarzynski equality relates the free energy difference between
two equilibrium states and the work done on the system through far from
equilibrium processes. While experimental tests of the equality have been
performed in classical regime, the verification of the quantum Jarzynski
equality has not yet been fully demonstrated due to experimental challenges.
Here, we report an experimental test of the quantum Jarzynski equality with a
single \Yb ion trapped in a harmonic potential. We perform projective
measurements to obtain phonon distributions of the initial thermal state.
Following that we apply the laser induced force on the projected energy
eigenstate, and find transition probabilities to final energy eigenstates after
the work is done. By varying the speed of applying the force from equilibrium
to far-from equilibrium regime, we verified the quantum Jarzynski equality in
an isolated system.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Experimental demonstration of a non-destructive controlled-NOT quantum gate for two independent photon-qubits
Universal logic gates for two quantum bits (qubits) form an essential
ingredient of quantum information processing. However, the photons, one of the
best candidates for qubits, suffer from the lack of strong nonlinear coupling
required for quantum logic operations. Here we show how this drawback can be
overcome by reporting a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of a
non-destructive controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate for two independent photons using
only linear optical elements in conjunction with single-photon sources and
conditional dynamics. Moreover, we have exploited the CNOT gate to discriminate
all the four Bell-states in a teleportation experiment.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitte
How to Understand Named Entities: Using Common Sense for News Captioning
News captioning aims to describe an image with its news article body as
input. It greatly relies on a set of detected named entities, including
real-world people, organizations, and places. This paper exploits commonsense
knowledge to understand named entities for news captioning. By ``understand'',
we mean correlating the news content with common sense in the wild, which helps
an agent to 1) distinguish semantically similar named entities and 2) describe
named entities using words outside of training corpora. Our approach consists
of three modules: (a) Filter Module aims to clarify the common sense concerning
a named entity from two aspects: what does it mean? and what is it related to?,
which divide the common sense into explanatory knowledge and relevant
knowledge, respectively. (b) Distinguish Module aggregates explanatory
knowledge from node-degree, dependency, and distinguish three aspects to
distinguish semantically similar named entities. (c) Enrich Module attaches
relevant knowledge to named entities to enrich the entity description by
commonsense information (e.g., identity and social position). Finally, the
probability distributions from both modules are integrated to generate the news
captions. Extensive experiments on two challenging datasets (i.e., GoodNews and
NYTimes) demonstrate the superiority of our method. Ablation studies and
visualization further validate its effectiveness in understanding named
entities
Quantum simulation of the quantum Rabi model in a trapped ion
The quantum Rabi model, involving a two-level system and a bosonic field
mode, is arguably the simplest and most fundamental model describing quantum
light-matter interactions. Historically, due to the restricted parameter
regimes of natural light-matter processes, the richness of this model has been
elusive in the lab. Here, we experimentally realize a quantum simulation of the
quantum Rabi model in a single trapped ion, where the coupling strength between
the simulated light mode and atom can be tuned at will. The versatility of the
demonstrated quantum simulator enables us to experimentally explore the quantum
Rabi model in detail, including a wide range of otherwise unaccessible
phenomena, as those happening in the ultrastrong and deep strong coupling
regimes. In this sense, we are able to adiabatically generate the ground state
of the quantum Rabi model in the deep strong coupling regime, where we are able
to detect the nontrivial entanglement between the bosonic field mode and the
two-level system. Moreover, we observe the breakdown of the rotating-wave
approximation when the coupling strength is increased, and the generation of
phonon wave packets that bounce back and forth when the coupling reaches the
deep strong coupling regime. Finally, we also measure the energy spectrum of
the quantum Rabi model in the ultrastrong coupling regime.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
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