34,609 research outputs found
Constraining the Skyrme effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of nuclei using isospin diffusion data from heavy ion collisions
Recent analysis of the isospin diffusion data from heavy-ion collisions based
on an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model with in-medium
nucleon-nucleon cross sections has led to the extraction of a value of MeV for the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation density.
This imposes stringent constraints on both the parameters in the Skyrme
effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei. Among
the 21 sets of Skyrme interactions commonly used in nuclear structure studies,
the 4 sets SIV, SV, G, and R are found to give values
that are consistent with the extracted one. Further study on the correlations
between the thickness of the neutron skin in finite nuclei and the nuclear
matter symmetry energy in the Skyrme Hartree-Fock approach leads to predicted
thickness of the neutron skin of fm for Pb, fm for Sn, and fm for Sn.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 Table, Talk given at 1) International
Conference on Nuclear Structure Physics, Shanghai, 12-17 June, 2006; 2) 11th
China National Nuclear Structure Physics Conference, Changchun, Jilin, 13-18
July, 200
Dynamical Creation of Fractionalized Vortices and Vortex Lattices
We investigate dynamic creation of fractionalized half-quantum vortices in
Bose-Einstein condensates of sodium atoms. Our simulations show that both
individual half-quantum vortices and vortex lattices can be created in rotating
optical traps when additional pulsed magnetic trapping potentials are applied.
We also find that a distinct periodically modulated spin-density-wave spatial
structure is always embedded in square half-quantum vortex lattices; this
structure can be conveniently probed by taking absorption images of
ballistically expanding cold atoms in a Stern-Gerlach field.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; published versio
Deformation and spallation of shocked Cu bicrystals with Σ3 coherent and symmetric incoherent twin boundaries
We perform molecular dynamics simulations of Cu bicrystals with two important grain boundaries (GBs), Σ3 coherent twin boundaries (CTB), and symmetric incoherent twin boundaries (SITB) under planar shock wave loading. It is revealed that the shock response (deformation and spallation) of the Cu bicrystals strongly depends on the GB characteristics. At the shock compression stage, elastic shock wave can readily trigger GB plasticity at SITB but not at CTB. The SITB can induce considerable wave attenuation such as the elastic precursor decay via activating GB dislocations. For example, our simulations of a Cu multilayer structure with 53 SITBs (∼1.5-μm thick) demonstrate a ∼80% elastic shock decay. At the tension stage, spallation tends to occur at CTB but not at SITB due to the high mobility of SITB. The SITB region transforms into a threefold twin via a sequential partial dislocation slip mechanism, while CTB preserves its integrity before spallation. In addition, deformation twinning is a mechanism for inducing surface step during shock tension stage. The drastically different shock response of CTB and SITB could in principle be exploited for, or benefit, interface engineering and materials design
Thiadizoloquinoxaline-Based Low-Bandgap Conjugated Polymers as Ambipolar Semiconductors for Organic Field Effect Transistors
The Fate of the Accelerating Universe
The presently accelerating universe may keep accelerating forever, eventually
run into the event horizon problem, and thus be in conflict with the
superstring idea. In the other way around, the current accelerating phase as
well as the fate of the universe may be swayed by a negative cosmological
constant, which dictates a big crunch. Based on the current observational data,
in this paper we investigate how large the magnitude of a negative cosmological
constant is allowed to be. In addition, for distinguishing the sign of the
cosmological constant via observations, we point out that a measure of the
evolution of the dark energy equation of state may be a good discriminator.
Hopefully future observations will provide much more detailed information about
dark energy and thereby indicates the sign of the cosmological constant as well
as the fate of the presently accelerating universe.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, LaTe
GHZ-type and W-type entangled coherent states: generation and Bell-type inequality tests without photon counting
We study GHZ-type and W-type three-mode entangled coherent states. Both the
types of entangled coherent states violate Mermin's version of the Bell
inequality with threshold photon detection (i.e., without photon counting).
Such an experiment can be performed using linear optics elements and threshold
detectors with significant Bell violations for GHZ-type entangled coherent
states. However, to demonstrate Bell-type inequality violations for W-type
entangled coherent states, additional nonlinear interactions are needed. We
also propose an optical scheme to generate W-type entangled coherent states in
free-traveling optical fields. The required resources for the generation are a
single-photon source, a coherent state source, beam splitters, phase shifters,
photodetectors, and Kerr nonlinearities. Our scheme does not necessarily
require strong Kerr nonlinear interactions, i.e., weak nonlinearities can be
used for the generation of the W-type entangled coherent states. Furthermore,
it is also robust against inefficiencies of the single-photon source and the
photon detectors.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Determination of the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy from isospin diffusion
With an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model, we find that the
degree of isospin diffusion in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies is
affected by both the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy and the momentum
dependence of the nucleon potential. Using a momentum dependence derived from
the Gogny effective interaction, recent experimental data from NSCL/MSU on
isospin diffusion are shown to be consistent with a nuclear symmetry energy
given by at
subnormal densities. This leads to a significantly constrained value of about
-550 MeV for the isospin-dependent part of the isobaric incompressibility of
isospin asymmetric nuclear matter.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, revised version, to appear in PR
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