32 research outputs found
Perylene-Based Materials: Potential Components in Organic Electronics and Optoelectronics
Perylene-based materials, including charge-transport discotic liquid crystals and charge-transfer long-wavelength absorbing chromophores, for potential organic electronic and optoelectronic applications, were designed, synthesized and characterized. Two types of discotic liquid crystals, perylene diimides and coronene diimides, can form columnar liquid crystalline phases over a wide temperature range; many of them can have room-temperature liquid crystalline phases after cooling from isotropic liquid. Their charge transport properties were studied by space-charge limited current method; high charge carrier mobilities, with the highest being up to 6.6 cm2/Vs, were found in liquid crystalline phases of these materials under ambient conditions. Structural variables, including aromatic cores and side groups, were examined to get a certain degree of understanding of charge transport properties in these discotic liquid crystals. It was found that mesophase order can have an important effect on charge carrier mobilities. The discotic liquid crystals with high charge carrier mobilities are serious candidates for use in large-area low-cost applications such as solar cells. Long-wavelength, highly absorbing chromophores, featuring donor-substituted perylene diimides, were generated by a combination of charge-transfer process and conjugation extension. The charge-transfer chromophores are expected to lead to further investigation on their potentials as sensitizers in Grtzel solar cells.Ph.D.Committee Chair: Marder, Seth; Committee Member: Bredas, Jean-Luc; Committee Member: Bunz, Uwe; Committee Member: Kippelen, Bernard; Committee Member: Perry, Josep
Ice-templating of core/shell microgel fibers through 'Bricks-and-Mortar' assembly
通讯作者地址: Stucky, GD (通讯作者), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
地址:
1. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
电子邮件地址: [email protected] 'bricks-and-mortar' assembly approach can be used to create well-defined fibers on the microscale with alternating organic-inorganic arrangement through a simple ice-templating strategy. ne fibers are constructed from closely packed monodisperse inorganic nanoparticles@PNIPAm core/shelf microgels. A series of functional 'bricks', such as core/shell and hollow nanoparticles are prepared
Achieving Ultrahigh Molecular Weights with Diverse Architectures for Unconjugated Monomers through Oxygen‐Tolerant Photoenzymatic RAFT Polymerization
Achieving Ultrahigh Molecular Weights with Diverse Architectures for Unconjugated Monomers through Oxygen‐Tolerant Photoenzymatic RAFT Polymerization
UCST or LCST? Composition-Dependent Thermoresponsive Behavior of Poly(<i>N</i>‑acryloylglycinamide-<i>co</i>-diacetone acrylamide)
Copolymerization
has been widely used to tune the thermoresponsive behavior of water-soluble
polymers. However, the observation of both upper and lower critical
solution temperature (UCST and LCST) from the same type of copolymer
comprising only one monomer whose homopolymer is thermosensitive and
the other monomer whose homopolymer is nonthermosensitive has not
been reported. In this work, well-defined thermoresponsive copolymers
with tunable compositions have been synthesized by copolymerization
of <i>N</i>-acryloylglycinamide (NAGA) and diacetone acrylamide
(DAAM) via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer
(RAFT) polymerization. The thermal transitions of these copolymers
are investigated using a combination of turbidimetry, dynamic light
scattering (DLS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H
NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The solubility
of these copolymers shows a distinct dependence on the composition.
While copolymers with up to 30 mol % NAGA are essentially insoluble,
copolymers with 35–55 mol % NAGA or 90–100 mol % NAGA
have either LCST- or UCST-type transitions respectively, and soluble
copolymers are obtained with 60–85 mol % NAGA. The LCST- and
UCST-type transitions are tunable with respect to composition, degree
of polymerization, polymer concentration, isotope effect and the presence
of electrolyte. Insights from variable-temperature <sup>1</sup>H NMR
and FTIR spectroscopies reveal the key role of hydrogen-bonding between
the NAGA and DAAM units in determining the thermal transitions
Synthesis And Photophysical Properties Of Donor- And Acceptor-Substituted 1,7-Bis(Arylalkynyl)Perylene-3,4:9,10-Bis(Dicarboximide)S
A series of 1,7-bis(arylethynyl)-N,N′-bis[2,6-diisopropylphenyl] perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide)s has been obtained from Sonogashira coupling of the 1,7-dibromoperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) with p-substituted phenylacetylenes in which the p-substituents include π-donors (dialkylamino, diarylamino, p-(diarylami-no)phenyl, alkoxy) and π-acceptors (diarylboryl, p-(diarylboryl)phenyl). The bis(arylethynyl)-substituted chromophores all show two reversible molecular reductions and are all slightly more readily reduced than unsubstituted perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide)s with the electrochemical potentials being rather insensitive to the π-donor or acceptor nature of the aryl group. The amine derivatives also show reversible molecular oxidations. The UV-vis spectra of the chromophores with alkoxy and boryl substituents show red-shifted absorptions relative to unsubstituted perylene diimides with discernible vibronic structure. In contrast, the lowest energy absorptions of the amino derivatives are broad and structureless, suggesting donor-to-acceptor charge-transfer character. Transient absorption spectra for the amine derivatives were interpreted in terms of ultrafast charge separation, followed by charge recombination on a time scale of ca. 80-2000 ps. Two compounds were also synthesized in which an additional stronger, but more weakly coupled, donor group is linked by a nonconjugated bridge to the p-amine donor, to investigate the effect on the charge recombination lifetimes; however, the lifetimes of the charge-separated states, ca. 150 and 1000 ps, were within the range observed for the simple amine systems. Finally, the two-photon absorption properties of three bis(arylethynyl)-substituted derivatives were investigated, along with those of 1,7-di(pyrrolidin-l-y1)-N,N′-bis[2,6- diisopro-pylphenyl]perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide). As with other perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide)s and related species, strong two-photon absorption (\u3e1000 GM) was observed for three of these species close to the one-photon absorption edge; however, an additional feature (100-500 GM) was also observed at longer wavelength. An example with (p-aminophenyl)ethylnyl substituents showed a qualitatively different two-photon spectrum with a cross-section \u3e500 GM being observed over a broad wavelength range. © 2009 American Chemical Societ
Aqueous Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly for the Synthesis of Ketone-Functionalized Nano-Objects with Low Polydispersity
Efficient
synthesis of functionalized, uniform polymer nano-objects
in water with controlled morphologies in one step and at high concentrations
is extremely attractive, from perspectives of both materials applications
and industrial scale-up. Herein, we report a novel formulation for
aqueous reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)
dispersion polymerization based on polymerization-induced self-assembly
(PISA) to synthesize ketone-functionalized nanospheres and vesicles.
Significantly, the core-forming block was composed entirely of a ketone-containing
polymer from a commodity monomer diacetone acrylamide (DAAM), resulting
in a high density of ketone functionality in the nano-objects. Producing
uniform vesicles represents another challenge both in PISA and in
the traditional self-assembly process. Aiming at producing uniform
nano-objects, especially vesicles, in such a highly efficient aqueous
PISA process, we devised strategies to allow sufficient time for the
in
situ generated polymers to relax and reorganize into vesicles with
a remarkably low polydispersity. Specifically,
both reducing the radical initiator concentration and lowering the
polymerization temperature were shown to be effective for improving
the uniformity of vesicles. Such an efficient, aqueous PISA to produce
functionalized and uniform nano-objects with controlled morphologies
at solid contents up to 20% represents important progress in the field
One-Enzyme Triple Catalysis: Employing the Promiscuity of Horseradish Peroxidase for Synthesis and Functionalization of Well-Defined Polymers
We
demonstrate a new concept in polymer chemistry that the promiscuity
of enzymes, as represented by horseradish peroxidase, can be employed
for RAFT polymerization and thiol–ene and Diels–Alder
reactions to synthesize well-defined functional polymers, via three
different catalytic reactions mediated by one single enzyme
Single Monomer for Multiple Tasks: Polymerization Induced Self-Assembly, Functionalization and Cross-Linking, and Nanoparticle Loading
Efficient
preparation of multifunctional nano-objects with controlled
morphologies in one step at high concentrations is synthetically challenging,
yet is highly desirable, in a broad range of materials applications.
Herein, we address this synthetic hurdle by introducing a single commodity
monomer 2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate (AEMA) to realize multiple
functions. Facile preparation of both nanospheres and vesicles via
polymerization induced self-assembly at concentrations of 20–30%
provided defined polymeric nanomaterials with reactive handles inherent
to the AEMA units. High-yielding keto-alkoxylamine chemistry was utilized
to decorate and cross-link the nano-objects. Nanoparticle loading
into the designated location within both nano-objects was exemplified
with in situ formation of silver nanoparticles. The concept of using
a single monomer capable of both morphology control and multifunctionalization
is expected to offer significant opportunities in functional nanomaterials