위장에서의 다중 위액 채취 및 헬리코박터 파일로리 검출을 위한 pH 센서 내장형 자기 구동 캡슐

Helicobacter pylori, Magnetically driven capsule, pH sensor, Multiple sampling, Gastrointestinal diseaseNⅠ. Introduction 1 1.1 Gut Microbiome in Human Body 1 1.2 Characteristics of H. pylori 1 1.3 Diagnosis of H. pylori Infection and Its Limitations 2 1.4 Limitations of Microorganisms Sampling Methods 2 1.5 Purpose of Research 4 Ⅱ. Design Concept & Working Process 5 2.1 Magnetically Driven Capsule for Multiple Sampling and Detection of H. pylori 5 2.2 EMA (Electromagnetic Actuation) System 6 2.3 pH Sensor for Detection of H. pylori 7 Ⅲ. Materials & Methods 10 3.1 Materials 10 3.2 H. pylori Culture 10 3.3 pH Sensor 11 3.4 Fabrication of pH Sensor-embedded Magnetically Driven Capsule 14 3.5 Experiment Setup 16 3.6 Magnetic Driving Test Using 6-coils EMA System 18 3.7 Phantom Test 18 3.8 Ex-vivo Test 19 Ⅳ. Results & Discussions 20 4.1 Characterization of pH Sensor 20 4.2 pH Sensor-embedded Magnetically Driven Capsule 23 4.3 Phantom Test 26 4.4 Ex-vivo Test 29 Ⅴ. Conclusion 32MasterdCollectio

pH Sensor-Embedded Magnetically Driven Capsule for H. pylori Infection Diagnosis

The Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test is the most commonly employed test for diagnosing () infection in the stomach. Since the CLO test is an invasive method, minimally invasive methods have been proposed. However, the proposed methods exhibit relatively low specificity and sensitivity. In this letter, a novel infection diagnosis method that uses a pH sensor-embedded magnetically driven capsule is proposed. The proposed method adopts the principle of the CLO test to diagnose infection minimally invasively. The capsule comprises two chambers to sample gastric juice, and a pH sensor is embedded inside each chamber. Therefore, infection can be diagnosed using the urea hydrolysis property of and a pH sensor embedded in the chambers of the capsule. In addition, the capsule can be magnetically actuated using an external magnetic field owing to its neodymium-magnet. The performance of the proposed capsule was evaluated in several aspects. First, the sensing ability of the fabricated pH sensor was verified using a pH buffer solution. Second, the magnetic actuation capacity of the capsule was evaluated using a 6-coil electromagnetic actuation (EMA) system. Third, the gastric juice sampling and pH-sensing capabilities of the assembled capsule were evaluated using a phantom test. Finally, the ability to diagnose infection was validated using an ex vivo test. Consequently, this letter highlights the potential feasibility of establishing an infection diagnosis method using a pH sensor-embedded magnetically driven capsule. IEEEFALS

pH Sensor-Embedded Magnetically Driven Capsule for H. pylori Infection Diagnosis

The Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test is the most commonly employed test for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the stomach. Since the CLO test is an invasive method, non-invasive methods have been proposed. However, the proposed methods exhibit relatively low specificity and sensitivity. In this letter, a novel H. pylori infection diagnosis method that uses a pH sensor-embedded magnetically driven capsule is proposed. The proposed method adopts the principle of the CLO test to diagnose H. pylori infection non-invasively. The capsule comprises two chambers to sample gastric juice, and a pH sensor is embedded inside each chamber. Therefore, H. pylori infection can be diagnosed using the urea hydrolysis property of H. pylori and a pH sensor embedded in the chambers of the capsule. In addition, the capsule can be magnetically actuated using an external magnetic field owing to its neodymium-magnet. The performance of the proposed capsule was evaluated in several aspects. First, the sensing ability of the fabricated pH sensor was verified using a pH buffer solution. Second, the magnetic actuation capacity of the capsule was evaluated using a 6-coil electromagnetic actuation (EMA) system. Third, the gastric juice sampling and pH-sensing capabilities of the assembled capsule were evaluated using a phantom test. Finally, the ability to diagnose H. pylori infection was validated using an ex vivo test. Consequently, this letter highlights the potential feasibility of establishing an H. pylori infection diagnosis method using a pH sensor-embedded magnetically driven capsule

Machine Learning-Assisted Gas-Specific Fingerprint Detection/Classification Strategy Based on Mutually Interactive Features of Semiconductor Gas Sensor Arrays

A high-performance machine learning-assisted gas sensor strategy based on the integration of supervised and unsupervised learning with a gas-sensitive semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) gas sensor array is introduced. A 4-SMO sensor array was chosen as a test sensor system for detecting carbon monoxide (CO) and ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) mixtures using 15 different combinations. Gas sensing detection/classification was performed with different numbers of gas sensor and machine learning algorithms. K-Means clustering was successfully employed to rationally identify the similarity features of targeted gases among 4 different groups, i.e., matrix gas, two single-component gases, and one two-gas mixture, based on only unlabeled voltage-based gas sensing information. Detailed classification was performed through a multitude of supervised algorithms, i.e., 2-layer artificial neural networks (ANNs), 4-layer deep neural networks (DNNs), 1-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNNs), and 2-dimensional CNNs (2D CNNs). The numerical-based DNNs and image-based CNNs are shown to be excellent approaches for gas detection and classification, as indicated by the highest accuracy and lowest loss indicators. Through the analysis of the influence of the number of sensors on the arrayed gas sensor system, the application of machine learning methodology to an arrayed gas sensor system demonstrates four unique features, i.e., a data augmentation methodology, machine learning approach of combining K-means clustering and neural networks, and a systematic approach to optimized sensor combinations, potentially leading to the practical sensor networks based on chemical sensors. Even two SMO sensor combinations are shown to be highly effective in gas discrimination against diverse gas environments assisted through numeric-based DNNs and image-based 1D CNNs, overcoming the simple clustering proposed through the unsupervised K-means clustering

Propylene Cross-Bridged Macrocyclic Bifunctional Chelator: A New Design for Facile Bioconjugation and Robust Cu-64 Complex Stability

The first macrocyclic bifunctional chelator incorporating propylene cross-bridge was efficiently synthesized from cyclam in seven steps. After the introduction of an extra functional group for facile conjugation onto the propylene cross-bridge, the two carboxylic acid pendants could contribute to strong coordination of Cu(II) ions, leading to a robust Cu complex. The cyclic RGD peptide conjugate of PCB-TE2A-NCS was prepared and successfully radiolabeled with 64Cu ion. The radiolabeled peptide conjugate was evaluated in vivo through a biodistribution study and animal PET imaging to demonstrate high tumor uptake with low background. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

Propylene Cross-Bridged Macrocyclic Bifunctional Chelator: A New Design for Facile Bioconjugation and Robust ⁶⁴Cu Complex Stability

The first macrocyclic bifunctional chelator incorporating propylene cross-bridge was efficiently synthesized from cyclam in seven steps. After the introduction of an extra functional group for facile conjugation onto the propylene cross-bridge, the two carboxylic acid pendants could contribute to strong coordination of Cu­(II) ions, leading to a robust Cu complex. The cyclic RGD peptide conjugate of PCB-TE2A-NCS was prepared and successfully radiolabeled with ⁶⁴Cu ion. The radiolabeled peptide conjugate was evaluated in vivo through a biodistribution study and animal PET imaging to demonstrate high tumor uptake with low background

Synthesis and Evaluation of New Generation Cross-Bridged Bifunctional Chelator for Cu-64 Radiotracers

Bifunctional chelators have been successfully used to construct 64Cu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Previously reported chelators with cross-bridged cyclam backbones have various essential features such as high stability of the copper(II) complex, high efficiency of radiolabeling at room temperature, and good biological inertness of the radiolabeled complex, along with rapid body clearance. Here, we report a new generation propylene-cross-bridged chelator with hybrid acetate/phosphonate pendant groups (PCB-TE1A1P) developed with the aim of combining these key properties in a single chelator. The PCB-TE1A1P was synthesized from cyclam with good overall yield. The Cu(II) complex of our chelator showed good robustness in kinetic stability evaluation experiments, such as acidic decomplexation and cyclic voltammetry studies. The Cu(II) complex of PCB-TE1A1P remained intact under highly acidic conditions (12 M HCl, 90 C) for 8 d and showed quasi-reversible reduction/oxidation peaks at -0.77 V in electrochemical studies. PCB-TE1A1P was successfully radiolabeled with 64Cu ions in an acetate buffer at 60 C within 60 min. The electrophoresis study revealed that the 64Cu-PCB-TE1A1P complex has net negative charge in aqueous solution. The biodistribution and in vivo stability study profiles of 64Cu-PCB-TE1A1P indicated that the radioactive complex was stable under physiological conditions and cleared rapidly from the body. A whole body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study further confirmed high in vivo stability and fast clearance of the complex in mouse models. In conclusion, PCB-TE1A1P has good potential as a bifunctional chelator for 64Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals, especially those involving peptides. (Chemical Equation Presented). © 2015 American Chemical Society.

Synthesis and Evaluation of New Generation Cross-Bridged Bifunctional Chelator for ⁶⁴Cu Radiotracers

Bifunctional chelators have been successfully used to construct ⁶⁴Cu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Previously reported chelators with cross-bridged cyclam backbones have various essential features such as high stability of the copper­(II) complex, high efficiency of radiolabeling at room temperature, and good biological inertness of the radiolabeled complex, along with rapid body clearance. Here, we report a new generation propylene-cross-bridged chelator with hybrid acetate/phosphonate pendant groups (PCB-TE1A1P) developed with the aim of combining these key properties in a single chelator. The PCB-TE1A1P was synthesized from cyclam with good overall yield. The Cu­(II) complex of our chelator showed good robustness in kinetic stability evaluation experiments, such as acidic decomplexation and cyclic voltammetry studies. The Cu­(II) complex of PCB-TE1A1P remained intact under highly acidic conditions (12 M HCl, 90 °C) for 8 d and showed quasi-reversible reduction/oxidation peaks at −0.77 V in electrochemical studies. PCB-TE1A1P was successfully radiolabeled with ⁶⁴Cu ions in an acetate buffer at 60 °C within 60 min. The electrophoresis study revealed that the ⁶⁴Cu-PCB-TE1A1P complex has net negative charge in aqueous solution. The biodistribution and in vivo stability study profiles of ⁶⁴Cu-PCB-TE1A1P indicated that the radioactive complex was stable under physiological conditions and cleared rapidly from the body. A whole body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study further confirmed high in vivo stability and fast clearance of the complex in mouse models. In conclusion, PCB-TE1A1P has good potential as a bifunctional chelator for ⁶⁴Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals, especially those involving peptides