Heat treatment conditions to prevent failure in die cast X38CrMoV5 steel parts

© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. The usual mechanical properties of martensitic steels are strongly linked to the complex microstructure obtained after their heat treatment, which is generally performed to achieve good hardness and/or tensile strength with acceptable ductility. In the present work, X38CrMoV5-1 (AISI H11-1) steel, classed as a hot-work tool steel with many applications, has been studied from the viewpoint of phase transformations and heat treatment. Parts are often manufactured by die-casting followed by quenching and tempering and the microstructure is highly sensitive to the process. Microstructural defects can lead to early failure of many parts at the service temperature as a consequence of the casting process and heat treatment conditions. The authors have used dilatometry and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques to study phase transformation during cooling and have determined CCT diagram. Heat treatment is not able to remove the casting dendritic microstructure or porosity, thus increasing the likelihood of brittle fracture, but it can prevent catastrophic failure in service conditions.Peer Reviewe

Manufacturing process and characterization by dilatometry and differential thermal analysis of X38CrMoV5-1 steel parts

The usual mechanical properties of martensitic steels are strongly linked to the complex microstructure obtained after heat treatment, which is generally performed to achieve good hardness and tensile strength with acceptable ductility. In the present work, X38CrMoV5-1 (AISI H11-1) steel, classed as a hot-work tool steel with many applications, has been studied from the viewpoint of phase transformations and its manufacturing process. Parts are often manufactured by die-casting followed by quenching and tempering and the microstructure obtained is highly sensitive to the process. Besides slight changes in chemical composition can have a huge impact on mechanical properties, so the amount and nature of alloying elements must be controlled because of their effect on precipitation of secondary carbides and their modification of tempering kinetics. [1-5] Previous studies on this steel have shown the optimal heat treatment to obtain an acceptable microstructure that guarantees the behaviour in service. It consists on an annealing at 780ºC/1hour, followed by a quenching at 1020ºC/1hour, and finally a double tempering at 580ºC/2 hours.Peer Reviewe

Preliminary study of the pea landraces performance inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum in Galicia

Comunicación presentada en el II Congreso ibérico de ciencias hortícolas, celebrado en Zaragoza entre el 27 y el 30 de abril de 1993.- 6 páginas y 1 tabla.[EN] At the Misión Biológica de Galicia (Spanish Council for Scientific Research, CSIC) in 1987 began the task of collecting, conserving and evaluating pea landraces. The objective of this work was the descriptive study of 30 pea landraces plus two commercial elite cultivars to distinguish the most suitable pea genotypes which have the best ability to establish a good infective symbiosis with Rhizobium leguminosarum strains. The means over each population for the traits studied: fresh and dry nodule weight/plant (g/plant) and proportion of infected plants show variability among pea varieties, which let us to classify them in four groups in relation with the infectivity: very high infectivity (greater than 0.20 g of fresh nodule weight/plant), high infectivity (between 0.1750 and 0.1585), moderate infectivity (between 0.15 and 0.0775) and low infectivity (lesser than 0.0720).[ES] En la Misión Biológica de Galicia (Pontevedra, España) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas desde 1987 se lleva a cabo un programa de recolección, conservación y evaluación de germoplasma autóctono de guisante (Pisum sativum). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el estudio descriptivo de 32 genotipos de guisante (30 locales y dos comerciales) que presenten mayor habilidad para establecer una simbiosis infectiva con cepas inoculadas de Rhizobium leguminosarum. Las medias de los caracteres estudiados como son: masa fresca y seca de nódulos/planta (g/planta) y proporción de plantas infectadas nos indican la existencia de variabilidad entre las poblaciones, lo cual nos ha permitido clasificar las variedades de guisante en cuatro grupos según el grado de infectividad que presentan: infectividad muy alta (mayor a 0.20 g de masa fresca de nódulos/planta), infectividad alta (entre 0.1750 y 0.1585), infectividad media (entre 0.15 y 0.0775) e infectividad baja (menor a 0.0720).Peer reviewe

Adaptation of the pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait) in Spain

The pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.) is currently under evaluation as a new promising fruit crop in some countries such as New Zealand, Australia, Italy S.M. is vegetatively propagated. We are trying to exploit the genetic variability generated by sexual reproduction to obtain clones of pepino adapted to our climatic and agricultural conditions. Two field experiments were carried out in the Northwest of Spain in order to obtain knowledge about some agronomic traits of the pepino. A strong environmental influence was found in all traits. Some of the plants obtained from seed were parthenocarpics. Parthenocarpy could be important for the adaptation of this crop to less favourables conditionsPeer reviewe

Concordancia en el diagnóstico clínico y patológico del infarto agudo de miocardio

Introduction and objective: Acute myocardial infarction remains a serious health problem. Its accurate diagnosis may improve prognosis. The objective of this research was to identify the consistency in clinical and pathological diagnosis in deaths from this disease. Method: A descriptive and crosssectional study was performed in deaths from acute myocardial infarction at Camilo Cienfuegos General Hospital in Sancti Spiritus, from January 2009 to December 2010 to determine the diagnostic efficacy. All deaths with the above-mentioned diagnosis, which had undergone autopsy, were studied. Indexes of diagnostic efficacy such as sensitivity, specificity and Kappa index were used. Results: A higher clinical and pathological consistency was found in males (sensitivity of 78% in 2009 and 81% in 2010) and in those over 65 years (sensitivity of 82% and 85%) and when hospital stay was longer than 24 hours (sensitivity in 80% and 83%). The units with the best clinical and pathological consistency in the two periods studied were cardiology and the intensive care. Kappa index showed that there was efficacy in the clinical and pathological diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and their indicators improved from one year to the next (0.85 in 2009 and 0.87 in 2010). Conclu-sions: There was an increased clinical and patholo-gical consistency in male deaths, in those under 65 years of age and in those who had a hospital stay longer than 24 hours. The units with better consistency were Cardiology and Intensive Care. It can be said there is very good diagnostic accuracy for acute myocardial infarction at Camilo Cienfuegos Hospital in Sancti Spiritus.Introducción y objetivo: El infarto agudo de miocardio continúa siendo un grave problema de salud. Su diagnóstico certero puede mejorar el pronóstico. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la concordancia en el diagnóstico clínico-patológico en fallecidos por esta enfermedad. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en fallecidos por infarto agudo de miocardio en el Hospital General "Camilo Cienfuegos" de Sancti Spíritus, desde enero 2009 hasta diciembre 2010 para determinar la eficacia diagnóstica. Se estudiaron todos los fallecidos con el mencionado diagnóstico y que se les había realizado la necropsia. Se emplearon los índices de eficacia diagnóstica sensibilidad, especificidad e índice Kappa. Resultados: Se constató una mayor concordancia clínico-patológica en el sexo masculino (sensibilidad de 78 % en el 2009 y de 81 % en el 2010), así como en los mayores de 65 años (sen-sibilidad de 82 % y 85 %), y cuando la estadía hospitalaria fue mayor de 24 horas (sensibilidad en 80 % y 83 %). Las salas con mejor concordancia clínico-patológica fueron las de Cardiología y la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva en los dos períodos estudiados. El índice Kappa mostró una eficacia en el diagnóstico clínico-patológico del infarto agudo de miocardio y mejoraron sus indicadores de un año al siguiente (0,85 en el 2009 y 0,87 en el 2010). Conclusiones: Existió una mayor concordancia clínico-patológica en los falle-cidos del sexo masculino, en los menores de 65 años de edad y en los que tuvieron una estadía hospitalaria mayor de 24 horas. Los servicios con mejor concordancia fueron los de Cardiología y de Terapia Intensiva. Se puede afirmar que existe muy buena eficacia diagnóstica para el infarto agudo de miocardio en el Hospital "Camilo Cienfuegos" de Sancti Spíritus

CONCORDANCIA EN EL DIAGNÓSTICO CLÍNICO Y PATOLÓGICO DEL INFARTO AGUDO DE MIOCARDIO / Consistency in clinical and pathological diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

ResumenIntroducción y objetivos: El infarto agudo de miocardio continúa siendo un grave problema de salud. Su diagnóstico certero puede mejorar el pronóstico. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la concordancia en el diagnóstico clínico−patológico en fallecidos por esta enfermedad. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en fallecidos por infarto agudo de miocardio en el Hospital General "Camilo Cienfuegos" de Sancti Spíritus, desde enero 2009 hasta diciembre 2010 para determinar la eficacia diagnóstica. Se estudiaron todos los fallecidos con el mencionado diagnóstico y que se les había realizado la necropsia. Se emplearon los índices de eficacia diagnóstica sensibilidad, especificidad e índice Kappa. Resultados: Se constató una mayor concordancia clínico−patológica en el sexo masculino (sensibilidad de 78 % en el 2009 y de 81 % en el 2010), así como en los mayores de 65 años (sensibilidad de 82 % y 85 %), y cuando la estadía hospitalaria fue mayor de 24 horas (sensibilidad en 80 % y 83 %). Las salas con mejor concordancia clínico−patológica fueron las de Cardiología y la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva en los dos períodos estudiados. El índice Kappa mostró una eficacia en el diagnóstico clínico−patológico del infarto agudo de miocardio y mejoraron sus indicadores de un año al siguiente (0,85 en el 2009 y 0,87 en el 2010). Conclusiones: Existió una mayor concordancia clínico−patológica en los fallecidos del sexo masculino, en los menores de 65 años de edad y en los que tuvieron una estadía hospitalaria mayor de 24 horas. Los servicios con mejor concordancia fueron los de Cardiología y de Terapia Intensiva. Se puede afirmar que existe muy buena eficacia diagnóstica para el infarto agudo de miocardio en el Hospital "Camilo Cienfuegos" de Sancti Spíritus. / AbstractIntroduction and Objectives: Acute myocardial infarction remains a serious health problem. Its accurate diagnosis may improve prognosis. The objective of this research was to identify the consistency in clinical and pathological diagnosis in deaths from this disease. Method: A descriptive and cross−sectional study was performed in deaths from acute myocardial infarction at Camilo Cienfuegos General Hospital in Sancti Spiritus, from January 2009 to December 2010 to determine the diagnostic efficacy. All deaths with the above−mentioned diagnosis, which had undergone autopsy, were studied. Indexes of diagnostic efficacy such as sensitivity, specificity and Kappa index were used. Results: A higher clinical and pathological consistency was found in males (sensitivity of 78% in 2009 and 81% in 2010) and in those over 65 years (sensitivity of 82% and 85%) and when hospital stay was longer than 24 hours (sensitivity in 80% and 83%). The units with the best clinical and pathological consistency in the two periods studied were cardiology and the intensive care. Kappa index showed that there was efficacy in the clinical and pathological diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and their indicators improved from one year to the next (0.85 in 2009 and 0.87 in 2010). Conclusions: There was an increased clinical and pathological consistency in male deaths, in those under 65 years of age and in those who had a hospital stay longer than 24 hours. The units with better consistency were Cardiology and Intensive Care. It can be said there is very good diagnostic accuracy for acute myocardial infarction at Camilo Cienfuegos Hospital in Sancti Spiritus

Pea research by the food legumes group in the Northwest of Spain

2 páginas y 1 tabla.- Trabajo presentado en el Simposio inernacional organizado por la Misión Biológica de Galicia y la Asociación Europea para el Mejoramiento de las Plantas (EUCARPIA) en Pontevedra, entre el 1 y el 4 de abril de 1998.Over the last thirty years, the increasing use of commercial grain legumes as much as the modern agricultural technologies had caused the dissapearance of many local cultivated varieties, less productive than the commercial ones. At the Mision Biologica the Galicia of the Higher Council of Scientific Research (MBG-CSIC) the grain legume group works mainly with two crops: bean and pea. With regard to pea (Pisum sativum), which is an important and traditional crop in the Northwest of Spain, landraces are still maintained by a few farmers using traditional methods, the production being mainly for personnel consumption. These landraces, that are mixtures of pure lines, could be a reserve of resistance genes against pests and diseases, so they are useful to select lines well suited to environmental conditions in the geographic area.Peer reviewe