A Typology of Corrupt Transactions in Developing Countries

Summary Economic theory has attempted to identify the conditions under which corruption has particularly harmful effects. This article evaluates these theories and argues that the classifications offered are misleading. Very successful interventionist states have suffered from corruption just as much as very unsuccessful ones. Policy responses to corruption require an understanding of the effects of corruption and the determinants of these effects. The fact which appears to have a strong effect in determining the harmfulness of corruption is the balance of power between the state and its clients. An alternative classification of the effects of corruption is suggested on this basis

South Korea's labor market in the context of early and late industrialization

"Fall, 1988."Series from publisher's informationIncludes bibliographical reference

The optimal degree of competition and dynamic efficiency in Japan and Korea

Abstract This paper is concerned with the neglected role of competition policy in East Asian development. Michael Porter considers Japan's development to have benefitted from intense competition among firms. By contrast, Caves and Uekusa criticize MITI's role in creating recession cartels and entry barriers, which are thought to have resulted in allocative inefficiency. This paper argues that competition policy in both Japan and Korea was oriented towards creating dynamic efficiency (the highest long term productivity growth rate). It did so by measures, operating at both the industry and firm level, which sometimes restricted competition and sometimes encouraged it

Learning to be Lean in an Emerging Economy: The Case of South Korea

First draftBalance of payments considerations have driven the automobile industry strategies of many late-industrializing countries such as Thailand, Mexico, and Malaysia. These countries do not intend to become leading suppliers in the world automobile industry but rather, have designed (if only by default) their assembly and parts operations with a view towards protecting their balance of payments. Because an automobile is a high-value import, and because demand for automobiles rises steeply as per capita income rises, free importation of automobiles often hurts a young economy's balance of payments. Therefore, virtually all lateindustrializing countries have some intention of developing a production capability in autos in order to protect the supply of and demand for foreign exchange