Implementation of Space-Filling Curves on Spatial Dataset: A Review Paper

Cloud computing is the most recent innovative achievement that everybody ought to know about independent of whether you are a provider or a purchaser of innovative technology. Financial benefits are the essential driver for the Cloud, since it ensures the diminishment of capital utilize and operational utilize. The widespread use of the cloud has lead to the rise of database outsourcing. Privacy and security are the main considerations in the database outsourcing. Most of the conventional approaches provide security to outsourced data either by existing cryptographic techniques or using spatial transformation schemes. Here we propose a system which will implement and compare two space-filling algorithms (Hilbert curve and Gosper curve) on spatial data

Huge yolk sac tumor in an adolescent girl: a case report

Germ cell tumours form a minority of all malignancies of the ovary. The common age group affected by yolk sac tumours is 11 to 24 years. Here, we present a case of yolk sac tumour in a 13-year-old girl who came with complaints of abdominal pain, distension and acute febrile illness. Fertility sparing surgery (Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) was done while the contra lateral ovary and uterus was conserved followed by combination chemotherapy postoperatively. As pprognosis of yolk sac tumours is highly stage-dependent, an early diagnosis can result in a drastic difference in the final outcome of the treatment of this highly aggressive disease. Besides the rarity of the tumour, the importance of the fact, that a vigilant and informed clinician can make an early and timely diagnosis of this condition even in girls of such a young age and make a drastic difference in the final outcome of the treatment, compels us to present this case

Concentrating white spot syndrome virus by alum for field detection using a monoclonal antibody based flow-through assay

A simple and easy method of concentrating white spot syndrome virus by employing aluminium sulphate, alum as a flocculant was developed and evaluated for field detection. The concentrated virus was detected by a monoclonal antibody based flow-through assay, RapiDot and compared its performance with polymerase chain reaction. The semi-purified virus that was flocculated by 15 and 30 ppm alum in a 50 ml cylinder can be detected successfully by both RapiDot and I step PCR. In addition, alum could also flocculate the virus that is detectable by II step PCR and the concentration of virus was similar to the one observed in water from an infected pond. Furthermore, experimental infection studies validated the successful concentration of virus by alum flocculation followed by rapid detection of virus using monoclonal antibody based RapiDot. Overall, the results obtained in this study indicate that the white spot syndrome virus in water could be easily flocculated by alum for sensitive field detection by monoclonal antibody based RapiDot

Unsterile injection equipment associated with HIV outbreak and an extremely high prevalence of HCV-A case-control investigation from Unnao, India.

The integrated counseling and testing center (ICTC) located in the district hospital, Unnao in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India witnessed an increased detection of HIV among its attendees in July 2017. Subsequently, health camps were organized by the UP State AIDS Control Society in the villages and townships contributing to such detection. We conducted a case-control study to identify factors associated with this increased detection; 33 cases and 125 controls were enrolled. Cases were individuals, detected HIV sero-reactive during November 2017-April 2018 from three locations namely Premganj, Karimuddinpur and Chakmeerapur in the Bangarmau block of the district of Unnao. Controls hailed from the same geographical setting and tested HIV sero-nonreactive either in health camps or at ICTC centers from where the cases were detected. Misclassification bias was avoided by confirming HIV sero-status of both cases as well as controls prior to final analysis. Study participants were interviewed on various risk practices and invasive treatment procedures. They were also tested for HIV and other bio-markers reflecting unsafe injecting and sexual exposures such as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV antibody (HCV Ab), anti-herpes simplex-2 Immunoglobulin G (HSV-2 IgG) and rapid plasma regain (RPR) test for syphilis. Secondary data analysis on three time points during 2015 through 2018 revealed a rising trend of HIV among attendees of the ICTCs (ICTC-Hasanganj, ICTC-Unnao district hospital and ICTC- Nawabganj) catering to the entire district of Unnao. While there was a seven fold rise of HIV among ICTC attendees of Hasanganj (χ2 value for trend 23.83; p < 0.001), the rise in Unnao district hospital was twofold (χ2 value for trend 4.37; p < 0.05) and was tenfold at ICTC-Nawabganj (χ2 value for trend 5.23; p < 0.05) indicating risk of infection prevailing throughout the district. Primary data was generated through interviews and laboratory investigations as mentioned above. The median age of cases and controls was 50 year (minimum 18 -maximum 68; IQR 31-57) and 38 year (minimum 18 -maximum 78; IQR 29-50) respectively. Thirty six percent of the cases and 47% of controls were male. A significantly higher proportion of cases (85%) had HCV Ab compared to controls (56%; OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.5-12.1); none reported injection drug use. However, cases and controls did not differ significantly regarding presence of HSV-2 IgG (6% versus 8% respectively). Neither any significant difference existed between cases and controls in terms of receiving blood transfusion, undergoing invasive surgical procedures, tattooing, tonsuring of head or skin piercing. In multivariate logistic regression model, 'unsafe injection exposure during treatment-seeking'(AOR 6.61, 95% CI 1.80-24.18) and 'receipt of intramuscular injection in last five years' (AOR 7.20, 95% CI 1.48-34.88) were independently associated with HIV sero-reactive status. The monophyletic clustering of HIV sequences from 14 cases (HIV-1 pol gene amplified) indicated a common ancestry. Availability of auto-disabled syringes and needles, empowerment of the local communities and effective regulatory practices across care settings would serve as important intervention measures in this context