The comparison of productivity before and after cocoa national movement program (gernas) implemented in Mamasa Regency West Sulawesi

In early 1990, Indonesia entered as the third-largest exporter in the world after Ivory Coast and Ghana. The number of cocoa farmers is estimated to be 1.4 million households, generally on a small scale, with an area of about two hectares of cocoa. The very high increase in cocoa prices during the economic crisis in the late 1990s contributed significantly to the poverty alleviation of cocoa farming communities, especially those in rural areas. Almost 20 percent of the national cocoa production comes from West Sulawesi Province. The Cocoa National Movement Program (Gernas) in West Sulawesi is a locomotive for community-based development as a holistic, integrated program involving stakeholders to increase productivity and quality and encourage the growth of the cocoa trade and industry. The Central Government subsequently carried it out formed the National Movement for the Improvement of Cocoa Production and Quality. The research showed that there had been a significant increase in cocoa productivity in Mamasa Regency, West Sulawesi, between before the National Movement Program and after its implementation through rejuvenetion, rehabilitation, and intensification programs. Rehabilitation activities are higher than those of rejuvenation and intensification. Rejuvenation increased cocoa production from 342.68 kg.ha–1.year–1 in 2008 to 605.05 kg.ha–1.year–1. Rehabilitation increased  cocoa productivity from 332.47 kg.ha–1.year–1 in 2008 to 720.98 kg.ha–1.year–1 and intensification   increased cocoa productictivity from 328.27 kg.ha–1.year–1 in 2008 to 531.45 kg.ha–1.year–1 during the program implemented

IDENTIFIKASI PERILAKU MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEBERADAAN HUTAN MANGROVE DI DESA TINDAKI KECAMATAN PARIGI SELATAN KABUPATEN PARIGI MOUTONG

Mangrove Forests in Indonesia are the largest mangrove forests in the world. The area of mangrove ecosystems in Indonesia reaches 75% of the total mangroves in Southeast Asia. This time, Indonesia is recorded that has 9.36 million hectares of mangrove forests spread throughout Indonesia. Around 48% or an area of 4.51 million hectares were moderately damaged and another 23% or 2.15 million hectares were severely damaged (Vitasari M, 2015). Based on the results of the identification of mangrove forests by the Forestry Service in 2006 is it turns out that the total area of mangrove vegetation still remaining is 6,6696.1 Ha (26.44%) (BPDAS, 2006). This research uses a descriptive method. The retrieval of this research data is carried out through surveys and interviews that are equipped with a list of questions (Questionnaire). This research involved the community leaders, community institutions, especially families in Tindaki Village, South Parigi Sub-district, Parigi Moutong District. Based on data and information obtained from interviews in identifying community understanding of mangrove forests as many as 42 (forty two) respondents with the consideration that for village officials (5 people), forest farmer groups (17 people) youth leaders (5 people), people around the mangrove forests (15 people). Research results indicate that the behavior of the people of Tindaki Village is in the bad category. The influencing factor is the level of education, where the lower of the level education, the less understanding of the community

Analysis of strategic programs in planning and developing cocoa agribusiness in Bantaeng Regency

The fluctuation of production levels, low innovation adoption rates, and low cocoa prices at the farm level are important problems in cocoa agribusiness that cannot be allowed to prolong, especially in production centers such as Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The purpose of this research is to provides strategic program recommendations as a reference for policymakers in designing cocoa agribusiness planning and development. This research used Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis to be able to formulate a complex policy structure based on elements and formulate a hierarchy of relationships between elements. The results show that there are five key programs in planning and developing cocoa agribusiness in Bantaeng Regency, namely effectiveness of extension in the field, capacity building of extension workers, the establishment of farming partnerships with companies, the establishment of specialized cocoa development team, and guarantee of price stability. These key programs need to be assisted by supporting programs such as institutional development programs, effective coordination between institutions, effective technology transfer to farmers, provision of organic technology, providing rewards for farmers, providing access to capital, strengthening digital marketing, and improving cocoa quality through fermentation. Based on the interpretation of this research, stakeholders need to have an understanding of the priorities and synergy between programs to ensure the development of cocoa agribusiness that is right on target and in accordance with the needs and conditions currently faced

Partnership Based Green Economy With Kurrak Village Farming Communities in Post Harvest Coffee Processing in The Recovery of Covid-19

Kurrak Village, Polewali Mandar Regency is a coffee-producing village that has the opportunity to develop an organic coffee agro-industry to support the realization of a green economy, namely a program to improve the Indonesian economy by focusing on environmentally sound activities. Some of the problems faced by coffee farming communities in the region include how to harvest and handle post-harvest coffee. The purpose of this community service program (PKM) is to improve the ability of the Kurrak village coffee farming community in post-harvest processing and to increase the role of micro, small and medium enterprises (UMKM) in establishing partnerships with coffee farmers. The method of implementing the activity is by counseling and practice with several stages including preparation, implementation and evaluation of the program. The PKM activity was carried out in a coffee plantation for residents in Kurrak village, attended by 25 representatives of the Kurrak village community. The results of the PKM activities showed that the activity participants had the ability to apply post-harvest coffee processing techniques, the enthusiasm and motivation of the farmer members increased and they began to activate the collaboration of MSMEs and coffee farmers in Kurrak village

Assessment on Sustainability of Agropolitan Zone Potential Development in Bantaeng, Indonesia: Main Plantation Commodity Base

Sustainable development oriented in three dimensions, namely: economic sustainability (economic growth), social sustainability (social equity), ecological sustainability (environmental sustainable). The research objective was to determine sustainability level of agropolitan zone with plantation commodity base in Bantaeng. The study was conducted from January to December 2015. The research method uses MDS approach with Rap-Agropolitan (modification Rapfish). The results were obtained, the sustainability of ecological dimension (43.90%), the economic dimension (36.39%), the social dimension (51.98%), tecnology dimension (62.43%) and institutional dimension (53.92%). There are 16 (sixteen) leverage attributes of Agropolitan program, consist of; ecological dimension (climate, topography and availability of land zoning for the plantation), the economic dimension (marketable rights and access to capital), social dimension (growth domestic planters, local knowledge, knowledge of the environment and the pattern of public relations), technology dimension (technology of marketing product, harvesting and post-harvest technology, technology of cultivate and maintenance, pests and plant diseases), institutional dimension (synergy between policies and institutional, synchronization between local and central government as well as research program and community service)

Pemanfaatan Limbah Sabut Kelapa sebagai Media Tanam Hidroponik dalam Mendukung Pemenuhan Gizi dan Pendapatan Kelompok Tani Posi Lita di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.

Desa Tandung merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan Tinambung, Kabupaten Polewali Mandar yang mengalami kendala tidak adanya sarana pengolahan limbah sabut kelapa yang ramah lingkungan, masyarakat setempat hanya memanfaatkan sabut kelapa untuk media pembakaran sebagai pengganti arang. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan penumpukan limbah sabut kelapa di sekitar rumah penduduk dan kebun petani, padahal sesungguhnya limbah ini dapat dikelola secara berkelanjutan sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan kembali dan juga dapat memberikan nilai tambah secara ekonomi. Beberapa keunggulan dari sabut kelapa adalah memiliki daya serap air tujuh kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanah, meningkatkan sirkulasi oksigen bagi akar tanaman, mengandung unsur hara, kalium, fosfor, nitrogen, kalsium, besi, magnesium, mangan, boron, dan seng. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan pada pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pendekatan PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal), dimana melibatkan kelompok tani sebagai mitra yang akan melakukan proses kegiatan dengan didampingi oleh tim dosen sebagai fasilitator pelatihan. Dengan metode tersebut, memungkinkan masyarakat desa untuk saling berbagi, meningkatkan dan menganalisis pengetahuan mereka tentang kondisi dan kehidupan desa, membuat rencana dan bertindak. Kegiatan pengabdian ini memberikan solusi dari permasalahan mitra, yaitu dengan adanya pelatihan hidroponik dan pendampingan kelompok masyarakat tani Posi Lita, masyarakat menjadi tahu dan mengenal olahan sabut kelapa menjadi cocopeat sebagai media tanam hidroponik.  Selain mampu meningkatkan pendapatan juga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan gizi dari sayuran organik yang dibudidayakan serta menciptakan masyarakat yang sadar lingkungan melalui limbah yang dapat diolah lebih optimal

Skin microcirculatory changes in relation to arteriovenous fistula maturation

Maturation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) involves complex vascular remodeling. In this study, we evaluated the changes of skin microvascular perfusion over the extremity with AVF maturation using the laser Doppler fluximetry (LDF). A total of 45 patients with chronic kidney disease, Stages IV–V, were included; they had undergone AVF creation from July 2014 to June 2016 at our institute. The measurement of skin microvascular perfusion was accomplished proximal and distal to the fistula anastomosis site: pre- and post-operative day 1, week 2, week 6, and week 12. Thirty-two patients with mean age of 55.6 had achieved AVF maturation. There were 40.6% radial-based and 59.4% brachial-based AVF. There was a 32.8% reduction of mean skin perfusion distal to the fistula by day 1 compared to the baseline perfusion; however, perfusion increased 47% by week 2 compared to day 1 and no dramatic change was subsequently noted. There was an increase of mean skin perfusion, proximal to fistula anastomosis, over 12 weeks with 35.8% at day 1 from the baseline. However, the changes of the mean skin perfusion were not statistically significant. There was no significant relation of skin perfusion changes with the type of fistula, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. LDF successfully detected the subclinical change of skin microvascular perfusion in relation to AVF creation. Reduction of skin perfusion distal to the fistula suggests that in patients with existing perfusion inadequacy of extremities, they may experience ischemic symptoms as early as day 1 postoperation, and require close monitoring for distal limb ischemic-related complications

Systemic microvascular endothelial function with arteriovenous fistula creation in chronic kidney disease

Background: This study aimed to determine changes in microvascular endothelial function with upper arm arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation and maturation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Forty CKD patients (stage 4–5) who were scheduled for elective AVF creation over the upper extremity for maintenance hemodialysis were recruited using convenience sampling method. Microvascular endothelial-dependent vasodilation was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry and the process of iontophoresis preoperatively and postoperatively at weeks 2 and 6. Fistula maturation was assessed at week 6. Results: Thirty-two patients had successful AVF maturation. Endothelial-dependent vasodilation (acetylcholine (Ach)%) was higher (246.48 [standard deviation (SD) 209.38] vs. 104.95 [SD 43.29], P = 0.001) while systolic blood pressure was lower (142.25 [SD 21.50] vs. 162.25 [SD 13.26], P = 0.017) in this group as compared to unsuccessful AVF group. No significant changes were seen in overall microvascular endothelial-dependent vasodilation during the 6-week study period (day 0, 246.48 [SD 209.38]; week 2, 201.14 [SD 198.19]; and week 6, 203.53 [SD 145.89]). Conclusion: Upper arm AVF creation does not affect microvascular endothelial function up to 6 weeks post operation and may not contribute to the success of AVF maturation. However, the lower microvascular endothelial-dependent vasodilation and higher systolic blood pressure in unsuccessful AVF subjects need to be further studied