Analisis Ekonomi Awal Proses Produksi Biobutanol dari Tandan Kosong Sawit dengan Proses Hidrolisis dan Fermentasi Secara Terpisah

The limitation of petroleum reserves and environmental issues have led countries worldwide to shift towards producing and utilizing biofuels as an alternative solution to replace fossil fuels. One of the biofuels that can be used is biobutanol, which can be produced from residual waste containing lignocellulose. An empty fruit bunch (EFB) from oil palm is a residual waste used as raw material for biobutanol production. The method that can be used in biobutanol production is the Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) process, which allows the cellulose hydrolysis process to be pre-treated with acid at lower temperature but for longer time or at higher temperature for shorter time. The product from Clostridium acetobutylicum using hydrolysate from cellulose hydrolysis is higher than that from acid hydrolysis. The cellulase enzyme hydrolysis process can be separated from the fermentation process according to their optimum conditions. From the initial economic analysis calculation with production basis of 10,000 tons per year, total gross profit margin of IDR 39,459/kg was obtained, indicating that biobutanol production from EFB biomass is economically feasible and profitable. Further study is needed to conduct a techno-economic analysis of the biobutanol production process using EFB as raw material.Keterbatasan cadangan minyak bumi menyebabkan negara-negara di dunia mulai beralih dengan pemanfaatan bahan bakar nabati. Biofuel merupakan solusi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Salah satu biofuel yang dapat gunakan adalah biobutanol yang dapat diproduksi dari limbah sisa produksi yang mengandung lignoselulosa. Bahan baku pembuatan biobutanol yang potensial adalah tandan kosong sawit (TKS). Metode yang dapat digunakan dalam produksi biobutanol adalah proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi secara terpisah dengan dengan kelebihan yaitu proses hidrolisis selulase TKS pra treatment dengan asam dapat dilakukan menggunakan suhu yang lebih rendah dalam waktu yang lama atau pada suhu tinggi dalam waktu singkat. Produk dari Clostridium Acetobutylicum menggunakan hidrolisat dari hidrolisis Selulase lebih tinggi daripada yang menggunakan hidrolisat dari hidrolisis asam. Proses hidrolisis oleh enzim selulase dapat dilakukan terpisah dengan proses fermentasi sesuai dengan kondisi optimum masing masing. Analisis ekonomi awal dengan basis produksi 10.000 ton/tahun, didapat total gross profit margin Rp 39.459/kg, yang artinya produksi biobutanol dari biomassa TKS layak untuk dilaksanakan secara ekonomi dan mendapatkan keuntungan. Untuk studi lanjutan diperlukan kajian techno-economic analysis proses produksi biobutanol dengan bahan baku TKS dengan melakukan simulasi dengan bantuan software dan dilakukan feasibility study

PENGENALAN PEMBUATAN GULA AREN KRISTAL DI DESA LUBUK BENDAHARA TIMUR KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU

PENGENALAN PEMBUATAN GULA AREN KRISTAL DI DESA LUBUK BENDAHARA TIMUR KABUPATEN ROKAN HUL

Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Yield dan Kadar Lignin Pulp dari Pelepah Sawit dengan Proses Asam Formiat

Formic acid pulping of oil palm frond was conducted to study the influence of process variables (formic acid concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and pulping time) on the properties of pulp produced (yield pulp and lignin content). A second order polynomial model consisiting of three independent process variables was found to accurately describe the formic acid pulping of oil palm frond. The propose equations reproduce the experimental results for the dependent variables with erros less than 5% for both yield dan lignin content. The most influential factor on yield pulp was formic acid concentration. Whereas, the cooking time has greater influence on lignin content.Keywords: formic acid, lingocelulose, pulping, pulp organosolv, oil palm frond

Implementation of Fish Pellet Production Using Palm Kernel Waste in Merangin Village, Kampar

The community of Merangin Village, Kampar Regency, predominantly relies on fish farming for sustenance and has been facing notable challenges in cultivation, particularly concerning the costly factory-made pellets, which constitute a significant portion of production expenses. To address this, an alternative solution was autonomous fish pellet production using locally abundant palm kernel waste. Despite this, many community members lacked understanding of the production process and raw material processing. Through a community service program at the University of Riau, targeted technology transfer efforts aimed to empower residents to produce fish pellets independently. The program focused on enhancing knowledge through comprehensive guidance on pellet production. The implementation of this program was expected to enable Merangin Village residents to manufacture their own fish pellets, potentially enhancing income and fostering a sustainable fish farming venture. The implications of the program included optimized palm waste utilization, reduced production costs, increased income, and effective waste management. A locally designed fish pellet machine, boosting a production capacity of up to 50 kg/hour, facilitated community to control over production and reduced dependence on costly commercial options. The pellet formula integrated locally available ingredients such as bran, palm kernel cake, tofu dregs, fish waste, and kiambang. Educational campaigns and practical training sessions equipped fish farmers with the skills to operate the pellet machine, formulate recipes, and manage production effectively, thereby contributing to the socio-economic development of Merangin Village and other communities

Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Yield dan Kadar Lignin Pulp dari Pelepah Sawit dengan Proses Asam Formiat

Formic acid pulping of oil palm frond was conducted to study the influence of process variables (formic acid concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and pulping time) on the properties of pulp produced (yield pulp and lignin content). A second order polynomial model consisiting of three independent process variables was found to accurately describe the formic acid pulping of oil palm frond. The propose equations reproduce the experimental results for the dependent variables with erros less than 5% for both yield dan lignin content. The most influential factor on yield pulp was formic acid concentration. Whereas, the cooking time has greater influence on lignin content. Keywords: formic acid, lingocelulose, pulping, pulp organosolv, oil palm frond

Biosurfactant Production from Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 with Carbon Source from Crude Palm Oil for Oil Recovery

Biosurfactants are surfactants that are synthesized by microorganisms using organic materials and have biodegradable properties, making them environmentally friendly. One of the applications of biosurfactants in the recovery of petroleum. This study aims to determine the type of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria using crude palm oil as the main carbon source, to determine the effect of variations in pH and CPO concentration on surface tension reduction and emulsification, and compare the best biosurfactant with surfactant synthesis. The production of biosurfactants has  3 stages, namely the bacterial preparation, the biosurfactant production, and the analysis in the form of surface tension, emulsification, crude oil removal, and FTIR. The best biosurfactant was obtained at pH 7 and a carbon source concentration of 3% v/v with surface tension and emulsification values ​​of 42.49 mN/m and 58%, respectively. The pH value and CPO concentration can affect the growth in the biosurfactant production process, thus also affecting the surface tension and emulsification values. The biosurfactants obtained were rhamnolipid biosurfactants. The biosurfactants produced in this study have lower crude oil recovery capabilities than synthetic surfactants with crude oil removal values ​​of 57.78% and 79.34%, respectively

Palm Frond Waste as a Carbon Source in the Synthesis of CaO/Biochar Catalysts for the Biodiesel Production Process

oai:ojs2.heca-analitika.com:article/9This study aims to synthesize and determine the characterization of activated CaO/Biochar and identify the effect of the mass ratio of CaO/Biochar and KOH concentration on the activity of CaO/Biochar catalysts for the synthesis of CPO-based biodiesel. CaO was obtained from eggshell waste. Biochar is obtained from palm fronds through a torrefaction process. CaO/Biochar catalyst was synthesized by impregnation process using KOH solution. The biodiesel transesterification process using CaO/Biochar catalysts. XRD analysis results obtained CaO and Ca(OH)2 compounds in the catalyst, and the basicity value of the catalyst was >9.3. The best catalytic activity of the CaO/biochar catalyst was obtained at a mass ratio of 12:10 and a concentration of 20% KOH catalyst, with a biodiesel yield of 75.1%