Diagnóstico de sistemas de dessalinização de água salobra subterrânea em municípios do Estado da Paraíba-Brasil.

Embora, no Semi-Árido brasileiro, predomine o embasamento cristalino, com poços apresentando qualidade comprometida por sais, à tecnologia da dessalinização permite a potabilização dessas águas. Desde 1996 vem sendo implantados, equipamentos de dessalinização por osmose inversa visando o atendimento da demanda hídrica para consumo humano. No entanto, dificuldades estão presentes na implantação dos equipamentos, tais como a falta de operação e manutenção adequadas que causam a paralisação dos mesmos, e como a produção de rejeitos, os quais são água com elevados teores de sais, normalmente despejados ao solo sem qualquer critério, cujo maior impacto tem sido a erosão e a salinidade do solo. Assim, considerando que a Embrapa Semi-Árido pesquisa manejos dos rejeitos, a Fundação Banco do Brasil realizou parceria com a Embrapa, com o objetivo de avaliar 21 sistemas de dessalinização implantados no Estado da Paraíba. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um diagnóstico da atual situação dos sistemas da Paraíba, principalmente quanto aos aspectos de conservação, manutenção e operacionalização; aos parâmetros técnicos, à qualidade de água e aos impactos ambientais causados pelos rejeitos

The spatially-resolved star formation histories of CALIFA galaxies: Implications for galaxy formation

This paper presents the spatially resolved star formation history (SFH) of nearby galaxies with the aim of furthering our understanding of the different processes involved in the formation and evolution of galaxies. To this end, we apply the fossil record method of stellar population synthesis to a rich and diverse data set of 436 galaxies observed with integral field spectroscopy in the CALIFA survey. The sample covers a wide range of Hubble types, with stellar masses ranging from $M_\star \sim 10^9$ to $7 \times 10^{11} M_\odot$. Spectral synthesis techniques are applied to the datacubes to retrieve the spatially resolved time evolution of the star formation rate (SFR), its intensity ($\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$), and other descriptors of the 2D-SFH in seven bins of galaxy morphology (E, S0, Sa, Sb, Sbc, Sc, and Sd), and five bins of stellar mass. Our main results are: a) Galaxies form very fast independently of their current stellar mass, with the peak of star formation at high redshift ($z > 2$). Subsequent star formation is driven by $M_\star$ and morphology, with less massive and later type spirals showing more prolonged periods of star formation. b) At any epoch in the past the SFR is proportional to $M_\star$, with most massive galaxies having the highest absolute (but lowest specific) SFRs. c) While nowadays $\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$ is similar for all spirals, and significantly lower in early type galaxies (ETG), in the past $\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$ scales well with morphology. The central regions of today's ETGs are where $\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$ reached the highest values ($> 10^3 \,M_\odot\,$Gyr$^{-1}\,$pc$^{-2}$), similar to those measured in high redshift star forming galaxies. d) The evolution of $\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$ in Sbc systems matches that of models for Milky-Way-like galaxies, suggesting that the formation of a thick disk may be a common phase in spirals at early epochs.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, abstract abridged for arXiv submissio

Lighting conditions in home office and occupant's perception: Exploring drivers of satisfaction

This paper depicts lighting home office conditions within different countries and continents, emphasizing the user's satisfaction with the visual environment. The scope of this article is to investigate the drivers of participants' satisfaction with the lighting conditions at the home office. The study was developed by a team of international experts working together on Subtask A: User perspective and requirements, Task 61 IEA (International Energy Agency): Solutions for daylighting and electric lighting. An online survey was launched in December 2020 and closed on March 2021. The survey was implemented in the native languages of six participant countries (Brazil, Colombia, Denmark, Italy, Poland, and Japan) using Google Forms, and its dissemination was via various social media platforms. Measures of association between variables and predictive tests were run to explore which investigated aspects drove participants' satisfaction with the lighting conditions at the home office. We found some differences in satisfaction due to participants' sex, occupation, and participants' continent of residence. Females were more satisfied with daylight than males. Associations between the perception of seven light descriptors and satisfaction showed differences between East Asians and the rest of the participants, which might be related to the high dependence of the formers on electric lighting even when daylight is available. Design features as southern facades, the distance from the working area to the window, type of internal sun shading were related to daylighting satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction with the general light level and the electric light was higher for those participants who did not need to switch on the ceiling, floor, or desk lamp when daylight was available. We found that an external view composed of 3 layers and the sky's visibility afforded a higher satisfaction with the window view. Having an independent room for the home office appeared to be related to a higher willingness to continue in the home office. Likewise, higher satisfaction with the overall visual environment and window view appeared to increase the willingness to continue working from home. Bridging the gap amid cultural differences and daylighting and lighting satisfaction is needed, particularly, relational studies between design features –as a response of cultural, climatic, and local practices- and occupants' preferences and acceptability. Thus, our understanding of occupants' responses will be more comprehensive. Engaging further research and measures to improve the visual environment and overall indoor environmental quality in dwellings is now a necessary step

The spatially resolved star formation history of CALIFA galaxies: Cosmic time scales

This paper presents the mass assembly time scales of nearby galaxies observed by CALIFA at the 3.5m telescope in Calar Alto. We apply the fossil record method of the stellar populations to the complete sample of the 3rd CALIFA data release, with a total of 661 galaxies, covering stellar masses from 10$^{8.4}$ to 10$^{12}$ M$_{\odot}$ and a wide range of Hubble types. We apply spectral synthesis techniques to the datacubes and process the results to produce the mass growth time scales and mass weighted ages, from which we obtain temporal and spatially resolved information in seven bins of galaxy morphology and six bins of stellar mass (M$_{\star}$) and stellar mass surface density ($\Sigma_{\star}$). We use three different tracers of the spatially resolved star formation history (mass assembly curves, ratio of half mass to half light radii, and mass-weighted age gradients) to test if galaxies grow inside-out, and its dependence with galaxy stellar mass, $\Sigma_{\star}$, and morphology. Our main results are as follows: (a) The innermost regions of galaxies assemble their mass at an earlier time than regions located in the outer parts; this happens at any given M$_{\star}$, $\Sigma_{\star}$, or Hubble type, including the lowest mass systems. (b) Galaxies present a significant diversity in their characteristic formation epochs for lower-mass systems. This diversity shows a strong dependence of the mass assembly time scales on $\Sigma_{\star}$ and Hubble type in the lower-mass range (10$^{8.4}$ to 10$^{10.4}$), but a very mild dependence in higher-mass bins. (c) All galaxies show negative $\langle$log age$\rangle_{M}$ gradients in the inner 1 HLR. The profile flattens with increasing values of $\Sigma_{\star}$. There is no significant dependence on M$_{\star}$ within a particular $\Sigma_{\star}$ bin, except for the lowest bin, where the gradients becomes steeper.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. *Abridged abstract

Zoneamento para a cultura do algodão no Nordeste. II. Algodão herbaceo.

bitstream/item/33388/1/ZONEMAMENTO-PARA.pd

Impact of D0-D0bar mixing on the experimental determination of gamma

Several methods have been devised to measure the weak phase gamma using decays of the type B+- --> D K+-, where it is assumed that there is no mixing in the D0-D0bar system. However, when using these methods to uncover new physics, one must entertain the real possibility that the measurements are affected by new physics effects in the D0-D0bar system. We show that even values of x_D and/or y_D around 10^{-2} can have a significant impact in the measurement of sin^2{gamma}. We discuss the errors incurred in neglecting this effect, how the effect can be checked, and how to include it in the analysis.Comment: 18 pages, Latex with epsfig, 8 figure

Caracterização de isolados de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense por marcadores SSR e compatibilidade vegetativa.

O mal-do-Panamá, causado pelo fungo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), é uma das doenças mais destrutivas da bananeira. A medida de controle mais efetiva é o uso de variedades resistentes. O surgimento de novas raças é preocupação constante e fator desafiador para os programas de melhoramento visando resistência à doença

Caracterização limnológica de viveiro de criação tilápia abastecido com água de rejeito da dessalinização.

O trabalho caracterizou as variáveis limnológicas de um viveiro de criação de tilápia com alta densidade e renovação mínima, abastecido com água proveniente do rejeito da dessalinização. Para a caracterização e avaliação das variáveis abióticas e biótica da água do cultivo, foi realizado um monitoramento físico-químico e biológico das principais variáveis, tais como: temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, condutividade elétrica, N-amoniacal, nitrito, ortofosfato e zooplâncton. A água do viveiro apresentou oscilação moderada de temperatura, pH levemente alcalino com baixas flutuações diárias e concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido superiores ao valor crítico para a espécie cultivada. Os nutrientes ortofosfato, N-amoniacal e nitrato estiveram presentes na água em níveis relativamente altos durante o cultivo. Em termos percentuais, observou-se que os rotíferos estiveram presentes em todas as amostras, com participação relativa entre 73,55 a 100%. Os resultados obtidos para nutrientes e a predominância do rotífero na água do cultivo, caracterizam o sistema como um ambiente instável e estado trófico crescente. Estes fatos, provavelmente, podem ser atribuídos ao manejo, especialmente, a renovação mínima de água do viveiro