Image en popcorn cérébrale

Cerebral cavernous are vascular lesions defined by the presence of deformed capillaries without interposition of nervous tissue. These are relatively rare (0.1 to 0.5% of the general population and less than 5% are symptomatic), clinical symptomatology is dominated by hemorrhage and epilepsy, and also depends on the location. Cerebral MRI is the gold standard for diagnosis, therapeutic approach and following. We report the clinical case of 27 old man, with no history, who presented two generalized convulsive seizures a week ago. Clinical examination was normal. Brain MRI has objectified a left frontal lesion with typical appearance in popcorn and combining hyper signal (recent bleeding or calcifications) and hypo signal (hemosiderin deposition bleeding = old) on T2-weighted images. The patient was put under antiepileptic treatment (valproic acid) with total seizure control.Keywords: Generalized seizures, brain MRI, image popcorn, antiepileptic treatmentPan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

A confocal microwave imaging implementation for breast cancer detection

Breast cancer affects many women in many ways. Early diagnosis is the most important key for detecting malignant tissue. In this paper, we present the design of a microstrip patch antenna for ultra wide band (UWB) biomedical applications covering the full range of FCC frequencies (3.1 GHz to 14 GHz). We have used a single antenna with various positions to scan the whole breast phantom. A confocal microwave imaging (CMI) algorithm has been implemented and applied to create a 2D image of the tumor. The results obtained suggest the feasibility of using CMI method for detecting small breast tumors with high precision and more safety

Hernie discale cervicale post traumatique

Il s'agit d'un patient de 54 ans, tabagique chronique, victime d'un accident de la voie publique avec réception sur le crane. L'examen clinique trouve un patient conscient, avec tétraparésie à prédominance brachiale (grade C de Frankel) et irritation pyramidale (réflexes ostéotendineux vifs au niveau supérieur et inférieur). Le bilan radiologique initial (radios standards et scanner) était sans particularités. Devant ce tableau clinique, une IRM cervicale a été réalisée et a objectivé une hernie cervicale compressive en C5-C6 avec contusion centromédullaire (A). Le patient a été opéré par voie antérieure avec réalisation d'une discectomie C5-C6 et mise en place d'un greffon iliaque et une plaque cervicale (B). L'évolution postopératoire était favorable ; la déambulation a été possible quatre jours après l'opération. L'hernie discale cervicale posttraumatique est rare (3,8% des traumatismes cervicaux). Quand elle est isolée, les investigations paracliniques peuvent passer à coté de cette lésion et c'est l'IRM qui permet de poser le diagnostic et d'apprécier le degré de compression médullaire et radiculaire.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

Chondroma of the scalp

A 26 year old man, with no specific past or family history, presented with slow growing subcutaneous mass in the right parietal region of about 4 cm. Skin examination revealed a firm subcutaneous nodule that was movable over the underlying bone. Physical examination was not remarkable other than above-described skin lesion. X-rays of the skull (A) and CT scan (B) showed a subcutaneous mass next to the right parietal eminence measuring 17×39 mm and containing calcifications. Surgery resection of the tumor was complete and easy (C). The nodule was not attached to underlying skull. The postoperative course was unremarkable. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of soft-tissue chondroma (D). Extraskeletal chondroma is a rare, benign cartilaginous tumor of the soft tissue. It presents as a solitary subcutaneous mass measuring less than 3 cm in diameter that is usually painless and slowly growing. It is most frequently found in the hands and feet of adults in the fourth and fifth decades. Its location in the scalp is exceptional and atypical. Complete excision is recommended for the treatment of extra skeletal chondroma.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

Anévrismes intracrâniens multiples

A 33 years old woman, treated for hypertension on monotherapy for a year, was admitted on emergency for sudden onset headache. Clinical examination revealed a conscious patient, blood pressure= 13/7, with the presence of frank meningeal syndrome, no fever. Cerebral CT showed subarachnoid hemorrhage at the right middle cerebral valley. The arteriography objectified three aneurysmal dilations at the right posterior communicating artery of about 8.3mm, also at the M2 segment of the right middle cerebral arterys of about 4 mm (A) and finally at the left cerebral bifurcation of about 4mm (B). The patient underwent endovascular treatment of the two right aneurysms and was given a three months appointment to secure the aneurysm. The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in the general population is evaluated from 1 to 5%. Only 15% of these patients have multiple aneurysms and 7% of them have more than four aneurysms. The therapeutic strategy is to first secure the aneurysm bled and subsequently treating other aneurysms according to their size and risk of bleeding.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

Brain metastasis from male breast cancer treated 12 years ago

Male breast cancer is an uncommon disease that has been the focus of limited researches. Its etiology is unclear, but hormonal levels may play a role in the development of this disease. Our case is a 84 year old patient treated for breast cancer 12 years ago, it was an infiltrating ductal carcinoma classified pT2 N0 M0 with hormone receptor positive (HR +), treated with surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation therapy and 5 years of endocrinotherapy (tamoxifen 20mg 1 tablet daily continuously). Clinical control of our patient was normal within 11 years and 10 months. A month ago, the patient had headache and vomiting complicated by the sudden onset of left hemiplegia. The brain MRI showed a huge right temporal process with a shift of the midline structures (figure). A biopsy was also performed and demonstrated a cerebral relapsed breast primitive with the same disease profile (HR positive and HER2 negative). Brain metastases traditionally occur in 10-16% of metastatic breast cancer patients and are associated with a bad prognosis. The development of brain metastases has been associated with young age, and tumors that are estrogen receptor negative, HER2 positive or of the basal phenotype. However, we can also have brain metastases of a primary breast cancer in elderly patients even with pathological and immunohistochemistry different profiles regardless of gender.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

A New Small Dual-Band Elliptical Microstrip Antenna for Ku/K Band Satellite Applications

In this paper a new design of a dual small band small elliptical microstrip antenna is proposed for Ku and K band satellite applications. The basic antenna structure is an elliptical patch with inset-feed, which is modified by adding two rectangular slots in the radiation patch. The proposed antenna has been designed and fabricated on 1.58 mm thick FR4 substrate whose dielectric constant is 4.4, with dimensions of about 10×12×1.58 mm³. The antenna structure was validated using two different electromagnetic solvers and by measuring the results using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The measured and simulated results show two resonant frequencies that define two bandwidths. Moreover, the proposed antenna frequency bands and the consistent and symmetrical radiation patterns make it an appropriate candidate for many applications such as the Ku/K band satellite application and wireless communications

A Compact Dual Band Elliptical Microstrip Antenna for Ku/K Band Satellite Applications

This paper presents an original elliptical microstrip patch antenna is proposed for Ku/K band satellite applications. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, small size with dimensions of about 10×12×1.58 mm³. The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.58 mm. The design is simulated by two different electromagnetic solvers. The results from the measured data show that the antenna has two resonant frequencies that define 2 bandwidths, defined by a return loss of less than -10 dB, and are: (14.44 GHz, 829 MHz) and (21.05 GHz, 5126 MHz),with the gain 5.59 dB and 5.048 dB respectively. The proposed antenna can be used in many applications such as in satellite, and wireless communications

A Miniature BroadBand Microstrip Antenna for LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX Applications

A Compact microstrip antenna with rectangular slotted radiating element has been developed. Four slots have been introduced on the radiating element with the use of a partial ground plane and a wideband response has been obtained. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.7 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of 71%. A low-cost dielectric (FR4_EPOXY) has been considered in the development of the proposed antenna. The obtained frequency band is from 1.9 GHz to 3.6 GHz. To investigate the robustness of our modelled antenna the simulation process has been carried out using two different solvers (Finite Element Method and Finite Integration Technique). In addition, the designed antenna was realized and these results were compared with those of the simulation. The proposed antenna is suitable for many LTE bands {1, 3, 7… 38, 40} broadly deployed in European, South American, Asian, and African countries, Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), and WiMAX technology (3.5 GHz)