A comparison of the Kodaly method and the traditional method to determine pitch accuracy in grade 6 choral sight-singing

The purpose of this study was to determine which of the two methods is more appropriate to teach pitch discrimination to Grade 6 choral students to improve sight-singing note accuracy. This study consisted of three phases: pre-testing, instruction and post-testing. During the four week study, the experimental group received training using the Kodaly method while the control group received training using the traditional method. The pre and post tests were evaluated by three trained musicians. The analysis of the data utilized an independent t-test and a paired t-test with the methods of teaching (experimental and control) as a factor. Quantitative results suggest that the experimental subjects, those receiving Kodaly instruction at post-treatment showed a significant improvement in the pitch accuracy than the control group. The specific change resulted in the Kodaly method to be more effective in producing accurate pitch in sight-singing

Competition of haptens

Groups of rabbits were injected with either bovine serum albumin, sheep red cell stroma, or keyhole limpet hemocyanin to which 2,4-dinitrophenyl and/or p-azophenyl arsonate groups had been coupled. Groups of animals received either doubly coupled antigen or an equivalent mixture of singly coupled antigens. Materials were injected intravenously as a solution or subcutaneously and intramuscularly in complete Freund's adjuvant. The presence of dinitrophenyl groups on the immunizing antigen could suppress, partially or completely, the antibody response to p-azophenyl arsonate when this hapten was located on the same molecule. Suppression was dependent on the ratio of haptenic groups on the molecule, appeared to be greatly affected by the method of immunization, and could be demonstrated in all three antigen systems. Partial suppression was manifested in decreased frequency and delayed appearance of the response as well as decreased maximal antibody titers. These findings appear irreconcilable with the possibility of direct clonal selection of antibody-producing cells by unprocessed antigen

Taxing Contingency Fee Attorneys as Investors: Recognizing the Modern Reality

In the 1995 case of Boccardo v. Commissioner, the Ninth Circuit changed the tax treatment of advances made by attorneys working on contingency fee arrangements. The court held that, in a specific type of contingency fee arrangement, costs paid by an attorney are deductible as ordinary and necessary business expenses. This decision not only challenges assumptions underlying decades of case law and centuries of legal ethical tradition, but it also undermines the tax accounting principle of matching expenses with related income. This Note summarizes the traditional rationales for prohibiting attorneys from deducting such costs and analyzes the Boccardo decision. The Note concludes that both the traditional tax approach to advances and the Ninth Circuit\u27s approach are flawed and suggests an alternative: treating the expenditures as investments

Let our children go: Youth Aliyah in Germany, 1932-1939

Youth Aliyah, an organization established to promote the resettlement of Jewish teenagers from Germany in Palestine, is generally viewed by scholars as an important educational and absorptive institution for Jewish Palestine and the State of Israel. This dissertation, however, examines the activity of Youth Aliyah within the framework of the German Jewish community in which it was founded. It addresses the following questions: What challenges did Youth Aliyah face from within the German Jewish community? What leading figures and institutions supported or criticized its work? How did Youth Aliyah contribute to German Jewry's attempt to reorganize and reinvent itself after Hitler's rise to power? Did Youth Aliyah succeed in realizing its mission? How can the historian assess that success?Youth Aliyah endeavored to remove Jewish teenagers from Germany and settle them in Palestine for education and agricultural training on collective and cooperative farming settlements. The impetus for the project arose in early 1932, in response to the economic uncertainty facing young Jews in Germany. Recha Freier, a Zionist social worker, believing that the social and political climate in Germany was growing increasingly hostile to Jews, proposed that young Jews migrate to Palestine immediately and undertake occupational retraining there.Although Freier's plan initially met with resistance from groups in both Germany and Palestine, by mid-1933 the organizational machinery that allowed Youth Aliyah to function was in place, including an office in Palestine directed by Henrietta Szold. Though conflicts persisted at some levels, Youth Aliyah did effectively bridge the gap between Jews of differing ideological convictions, drawing support from sources throughout the entire spectrum of German Jewry.Compared to other agencies promoting the emigration of unaccompanied Jewish youths from Germany, Youth Aliyah achieved statistical success, bringing over 5,000 young Jews directly to Palestine before World War II. Yet its contribution to German Jewry's struggle for survival must also be understood in psychological terms. Through both its optimistic promise of hope for young Jews and its educational and social activities, Youth Aliyah helped lift German Jewry's falling morale.Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2000.School code: 0146