31 research outputs found

    Evaluation of the Clinical Performance of Nurses Employed in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units

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    Introduction: Nurses are as the most important health care providers who require extensive knowledge and skills in this field. Despite the high importance of the issue, our knowledge of the current status of clinical performance and levels of nursing skills in the neonatal intensive care units is very low. The present study was done with the aim of determining the status of clinical performance of neonatal nurses in the NICU. Methods: The present research is a descriptive study, through which the clinical performances of 96 neonatal nurses were observed in eight areas. Data collection was done using a researcher-made Scale. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 21. Results: The neonatal nurses’ clinical performances were acceptable (69.74%) in all the areas which includes vital signs control, daily cares, respiratory cares, infants feed, vessels' access, medicine prescription, phototherapy and using required equipment for neonates (such as warmer, Infusion pump, Defibrillator, Incubator, Ventilator and Phototherapy).The highest and lowest practices were assessed in the fields of infant nutrition (84.11%) and equipment utilized (51.93%), respectively. Conclusions: The nursing skills in the study areas seems within an acceptable range, which could be due to the NICU nurses’ interests in this field. In order to improve the performance of nurses in areas where there is a weakness, we suggest considering the importance of these care and disadvantages due to negligence

    Impact of Saharan dust on North Atlantic marine stratocumulus clouds: importance of the semidirect effect

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    One component of aerosol–cloud interactions (ACI) involves dust and marine stratocumulus clouds (MSc). Few observational studies have focused on dust–MSc interactions, and thus this effect remains poorly quantified. We use observations from multiple sensors in the NASA A-Train satellite constellation from 2004 to 2012 to obtain estimates of the aerosol–cloud radiative effect, including its uncertainty, of dust aerosol influencing Atlantic MSc off the coast of northern Africa between 45° W and 15° E and between 0 and 35° N. To calculate the aerosol–cloud radiative effect, we use two methods following Quaas et al. (2008) (Method 1) and Chen et al. (2014) (Method 2). These two methods yield similar results of −1.5 ± 1.4 and −1.5 ± 1.6 W m−2, respectively, for the annual mean aerosol–cloud radiative effect. Thus, Saharan dust modifies MSc in a way that acts to cool the planet. There is a strong seasonal variation, with the aerosol–cloud radiative effect switching from significantly negative during the boreal summer to weakly positive during boreal winter. Method 1 (Method 2) yields −3.8 ± 2.5 (−4.3 ± 4.1) during summer and 1 ± 2.9 (0.6 ± 1) W m−2 during winter. In Method 1, the aerosol–cloud radiative effect can be decomposed into two terms, one representing the first aerosol indirect effect and the second representing the combination of the second aerosol indirect effect and the semidirect effect (i.e., changes in liquid water path and cloud fraction in response to changes in absorbing aerosols and local heating). The first aerosol indirect effect is relatively small, varying from −0.7 ± 0.6 in summer to 0.1 ± 0.5 W m−2 in winter. The second term, however, dominates the overall radiative effect, varying from −3.2 ± 2.5 in summer to 0.9 ± 2.9 W m−2 during winter. Studies show that the semidirect effect can result in a negative (i.e., absorbing aerosol lies above low clouds like MSc) or positive (i.e., absorbing aerosol lies within low clouds) aerosol–cloud radiative effect. The semipermanent MSc are low and confined within the boundary layer. CALIPSO shows that 61.8 ± 12.6 % of Saharan dust resides above North Atlantic MSc during summer for our study area. This is consistent with a relatively weak first aerosol indirect effect and also suggests the second aerosol indirect effect plus semidirect effect (the second term in Method 1) is dominated by the semidirect effect. In contrast, the percentage of Saharan dust above North Atlantic MSc in winter is 11.9 ± 10.9 %, which is much lower than in summer. CALIPSO also shows that 88.3 ± 8.5 % of dust resides below 2.2 km the winter average of MSc top height. During summer, however, there are two peaks, with 35.6 ± 13 % below 1.9 km (summer average of MSc top height) and 44.4 ± 9.2 % between 2 and 4 km. Because the aerosol–cloud radiative effect is positive during winter, and is also dominated by the second term, this again supports the importance of the semidirect effect. We conclude that Saharan dust–MSc interactions off the coast of northern Africa are likely dominated by the semidirect effect.ISSN:1680-7375ISSN:1680-736

    The effect of perceived parenting styles on religion attitude and emotional intelligence of high-school girl students

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    For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objectives: Religious attitudes and emotional intelligence of students can be changed under parenting styles. Propose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived parenting styles on religion attitude and emotional intelligence of high-school girl students in 2014.Materials and Methods: The statistical society of research was the high-school girls in 2014 in Arak city, 87 of them were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Participants answered the two questionnaires including emotional intelligence, religion attitude (Baraheni) questionnaires. The mothers of participants replied to parenting styles questionnaire, Baumrind questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multi-variety regression and Pearson correlation.Results: The results showed permissive parenting style had negative significant correlation with religion attitude and emotional intelligence. In addition, authoritarian parenting had no relationship with the emotional intelligence, while the authoritative parenting style had positive correlation with emotional intelligence and religion attitude of students.  Conclusion: The findings revealed that the authoritative parenting leads to more emotional intelligence and religion attitude of students that facing the problems life while in the case of permissive parenting is the opposite.Keywords: Parenting Styles, Religion Attitude, Emotional Intelligence, Girl StudentsFor downloading the full-text of this article please click here

    Comparing the adverse outcomes of contraception failure between IUD and withdrawal methods

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    Background: Objective of current study was to compare the adverse outcomes of pregnancy after failure of IUD (Intrauterine device) with the withdrawal method of contraception in order to predict and prevent such outcomes.Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, the adverse outcomes of 224 pregnancies (2 groups, 112 women each) were assessed following failure of the IUD or withdrawal methods of contraception (coitus interruptus). Data were analyzed and P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Rates of spontaneous and induced abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and vaginal bleeding during second half of pregnancy were more common in the removed IUD group compared to the withdrawal method, differences however not significant. No fetal abnormality was observed in IUD group. Preterm birth (p= 0.045), preterm premature rupture of membrane (p= 0.01), and vaginal bleeding during pregnancy (p= 0.01), were more prevalent in the IUD group (retained and removed) compared to those using the withdrawal method.Conclusions: Considering the adverse outcomes, we knew women with pregnancy after failure of IUD were at an increased risk for such outcomes, compared to those using the withdrawal method; however the results of this research showed these adverse effects are not significant when pregnancy with IUD is detected earlier and IUD is removed during the early stage(s) of pregnancy

    Comparative transcriptome and gene regulation in human iPSC-derived organoids and donor-identical brain tissue

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    Modeling human brain development in vitro is critically important to understand the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. As part of the PsychENCODE project, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from skin fibroblasts of three human specimens at 15, 16 and 17 postconceptional weeks. These hiPSC were differentiated into telencephalic organoids to study early genetic programs in forebrain development. By using RNA-seq and histone chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq), we compared transcriptomes and epigenomes of hiPSCs-derived organoids to donor-identical cortical brain tissue. Immunocytochemical characterization of the organoids over a time course (TD0, TD11 and TD30) showed expression of radial glial markers and mature cortical neurons confirming telencephalic fate. Hierarchical clustering of the organoids’ transcriptomes demonstrated stage-specific patterns of gene expression during in vitro development. Mapping organoids’ transcriptomes against the BrainSpan dataset suggested highest correlations with neocortex and showed their correspondence to post-conceptional weeks 8-16 of human fetal development. We then inferred transcriptional alterations, by differential gene expression, between organoids and the two brain regions analyzed. We found ~5000 of differentially expressed genes (DEG) between TD0 and fetal cortex and a decreasing number of DEG at TD11 and TD30 suggesting a stronger, albeit incomplete similarity of the organoids to the cortex at later time points. ChIP-seq experiments identified H3K27ac and H3K4me3 peaks (putative promoters and enhancers) differentially active at different organoids developmental stages and between organoids and fetal brain. Overall, however, hierarchical clustering of H3K27ac and H3K4me3 peaks demonstrated clustering of organoids with human fetal brain samples from various databases, whereas neonatal and adult brain samples formed separate clusters. These data suggest that organoids recapitulate in part transcriptome and epigenome features of fetal human brain

    The PsychENCODE project

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    Recent research on disparate psychiatric disorders has implicated rare variants in genes involved in global gene regulation and chromatin modification, as well as many common variants located primarily in regulatory regions of the genome. Understanding precisely how these variants contribute to disease will require a deeper appreciation for the mechanisms of gene regulation in the developing and adult human brain. The PsychENCODE project aims to produce a public resource of multidimensional genomic data using tissue- and cell type–specific samples from approximately 1,000 phenotypically well-characterized, high-quality healthy and disease-affected human post-mortem brains, as well as functionally characterize disease-associated regulatory elements and variants in model systems. We are beginning with a focus on autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and expect that this knowledge will apply to a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. This paper outlines the motivation and design of PsychENCODE

    تأثیر شیوه‌های فرزندپروریِ ادراک شده بر نگرشِ مذهبی و هوش هیجانی دانش‌آموزان دختر

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    Background and Objectives: Religious attitudes and emotional intelligence of students can be changed under parenting styles. Propose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived parenting styles on religion attitude and emotional intelligence of high-school girl students in 2014. Materials and Methods: The statistical society of research was the high-school girls in 2014 in Arak city, 87 of them were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Participants answered the two questionnaires including emotional intelligence, religion attitude (Baraheni) questionnaires. The mothers of participants replied to parenting styles questionnaire, Baumrind questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multi-variety regression and Pearson correlation. Results: The results showed permissive parenting style had negative significant correlation with religion attitude and emotional intelligence. In addition, authoritarian parenting had no relationship with the emotional intelligence, while the authoritative parenting style had positive correlation with emotional intelligence and religion attitude of students.  Conclusion: The findings revealed that the authoritative parenting leads to more emotional intelligence and religion attitude of students that facing the problems life while in the case of permissive parenting is the opposite.سابقه و اهداف: نگرش مذهبی و هوش هیجانی دانش آموزان می­تواند متأثر از روند فرزندپروری والدین، تغییر کند. هدف تحقیق حاضر، بررسی تأثیر شیوه ­های فرزندپروریِ ادراک شده بر نگرش­ مذهبی و هوش­ هیجانی دانش­ آموزان دختر پایه­ ی هشتم متوسطه­ ی اول شهر اراک(در سال تحصیلی 94- 1393)  بوده است. مواد و روش‌ها: جامعه­ ی آماری پژوهش حاضر، دانش­ آموزان دختر پایه­ ی هشتم متوسطه­ ی شهر اراک بوده­ اند، که 87 نفر از آن­ ها به روش نمونه­ گیری خوشه­ ییِ چندمرحله­ یی برای انجام این پژوهش انتخاب شدند. سپس پرسش­نامه­ ی هوش ­هیجانی «شرینگ» و پرسش­نامه­ ی «نگرش مذهبی براهنی» بر روی دانش­آموزان؛ و پرسش­نامه­ ی شیوه­ های فرزندپروری «بامریند» بر روی والدین آن­ ها اجرا شد. داده­ های جمع­آوری با استفاده از روش آماری تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، با نرم­ افزار spss تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: نتیجه­ های تحقیق نشان داد، از میان متغیّرهای شیوه­ های فرزندپروری، شیوه­ ی فرزندپروری سهل­گیر، رابطه­ ی معنی­ دار منفی و معکوسی با هوش هیجانی و نگرش مذهبی دارد؛ و شیوه­ ی فرزندپروری مستبدانه، رابطه­ ی معنی­ دار منفی و معکوسی با هوش هیجانی دارد. به بیان دیگر، هر قدر شیوه­ ی فرزندپروری مستبدانه­ تر باشد، هوش هیجانی دانش آموزان نیز کم­تر خواهد بود. همچنین مشخص شد که شیوه­ ی فرزندپروری مقتدرانه، رابطه­ ی معنی­ دار مثبت با نگرش مذهبی و هوش هیجانی دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: روش فرزندپروری مقتدارنه می­ تواند به نگرش مذهبی و هوش هیجانی بالای دانش­ آموزان منتهی شود، در حالی­که روش فرزندپروری سهل­ گیرانه به نگرش مذهبی و هوش هیجانی کم­تر منجر می­ شود. &nbsp
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