Focus Loss While Driving Detection By Using Prior Stage ERP As Baseline

Driving demands a full focus on the road to avoid any kind of unfortunate events. However, it is common to loss focus over time especially on the road with less traffic and long journey. Studies have shown that quiet number of accidents happened due to loss of focus. Hence, this on-going study is to develop a device to detect focus loss while driving. In our preliminary papers, we have shown that loss of focus is associated to the declining of evoked response potential (erp) amplitude over time. However, to determine the significant decline of amplitude is challenging due to inter-variability of individuals. Hence, in this paper, we propose novelty detection approach by using prior stage of recording as baseline to extract focus loss in single trials of erp of respective individuals. Erps of 20 subjects were recorded while driving a simulator car. The obtained results suggest that the proposed approach detects the attention loss successfully but with a delay as few seconds are needed to obtain the baseline. Novelty detection by using prior stage of recording as baseline is promising but improvement need to be done to apply it in real time

Heating Plates Placement Structure for Optimal Muscle Stress Relief with Low Power Consumption

A rapid contraction of the calf muscles, which can leave an hour of discomfort and soreness. Imagine that it happens to elderly people who live alone and bare their suffering helplessly. This research is therefore aimed at developing a device to automatically alleviate the pain of a cramp. This paper describes preliminary results in the development of an automatic cramp relief device focusing on how to minimize power consumption (heat plate structure design) but providing optimal performance to relax the stressed muscle. To suggest the structure, the TRIZ technique for solving problems is used. The suggested design was tested on 20 participants and the results revealed that the power consumption could be decreased by up to 66%, hence, enabling the future product to be able to use battery as a power source and operate for longer hours in single use of battery

Gugatan akidah: menghalalkan yang haram

Seorang manusia yang bergelar Muslim itu pasti dijanjikan dengan kenikmatan yang dijanjikan oleh Allah SWT bergantung kepada amalan yang dilakukan di dunia dan alam barzakh adalah tempat segala ciptaan Allah akan dikumpulkan. Perkara yang haram itu sudah jelas ditegah dalam al-Quran mahupun hadis , maka sudah tentu seseorang itu boleh memikirkan dengan sebaiknya apa yang diperintahkan oleh Allah SWT dan apa yang ditegah oleh-Nya

DC Motor Speed Control Development System (DCMSCDS)

This project is about building a low cost education aid for teaching electrical drive laboratory experiments as well as useful output load for power electronics subjects. DC Motor Speed Control Development System is used for DC motor driver and control system. This block of system only consists of the de machine and speed indicator. The controller or drive is not included, to allow the user to design and construct the drive based on the specifications defined. This is the idea of this research, to enhancing creativity of the students in laboratory activities instead of constructing a circuit by referring the lab manual or just connecting the circuit by using jumper if involving the training module. This kind of laboratory training, student would only know how use jumper without knowing the function of every components in the circuit. They will not appreciate the important reading data sheet before running the lab work. Therefore, this project will give an encouraging scenario in teaching and learning techniques and in solving problems to be more innovative and creative in learning electric drive. The student will be able to appreciate more in designing and constructing. Moreover, this education aid also can be used by PSM student is speed control research area of DC motor because of its flexibility of input and output. Not forget to mention low cost teaching aid for electric drive experiments

Feasibility of N1-P2 Habituation to Differentiate Loudness Levels

In the present study, the feasibility of habituation correlates of N1-P2 component of late auditory evoked potential to differentiate loudness levels was investigated. In ten normal hearing subjects, it was shown that habituation correlates of N1- P2 is able to differentiate between acceptable loudness levels (comfortable loudness and comfortable but loud) and strong and high loudness levels (loud, upper level and uncomfortable loudness level (UCL)). Therefore, the proposed approach is promising for the development of objective setting method for hearing devices, especially to estimate the level of UCL

Formation of Gold Microstructures By Galvanic Reduction on Carbon Surfaces.

Electrodeposition of metal nanocrystals onto carbon surfaces widely investigated

Denoising Small Signals Using Averaging Methods in Arduino

Electroencephalograms (EEG) acquired from the scalp is a small amplitude and low-frequency signal, with noise accumulation which originates from spontaneous activity of the human brain. Averaging methods are frequently used in reducing noise in EEG signals during the post-processing stage and never in real time. The methods are frequently engaged in waveform measurements in order to reduce the additive noise and at the same time, retaining significant parts of the noisy instances. This paper describes averaging methods used in real-time. The processes are emulated using MATLAB and then implemented in Arduino. The correlation and the SNR between the input signal and output of the averaging methods were calculated and compared

Empty fruit bunch application and oil palm root proliferation.

The benefits derived from the application of empty fruit bunches (EFB) included better yields and improved palm nutrient status. These benefits were the result of better soil conditions after applying EFB. Root proliferation resulting from EFB application was observed to be an important factor that led to the better yields and palm nutrient status. The study was conducted on three-year-old DxP palms. Treatments followed an arrangement for the paired t-test with one side of the palm receiving EFB (treatment) at 100 kg per palm while no EFB was applied to the other side of the same palm (which acted as the control). Root samples were collected at three and six months after EFB application. The root masses from both treatment and control were then analysed as a total of all root orders, and also according to each root order, i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary. Comparison of quaternary roots was made using density/unit tertiary root length. Results showed that there was a proliferation of roots at a depth of 30-45 cm three months after EFB were applied. This proliferation occurred in a soil environment which was significantly improved (p<0.05) in terms of total and exchangeable K and total Ca at 15-45 cm soil depth. Significant (p<0.05) improvements in soil pH, soil moisture and P at 0-15 cm soil depth may also have influenced this proliferation of roots. It is postulated that the increased root mass under improved soil conditions implies an enhanced nutrient uptake process which explains the increased yields and better nutrient status

Nutrient absorption by oil palm primary roots as affected by empty fruit bunch application

Various parts of the oil palm primary roots were tested to determine the part which absorbs nutrients. An understanding of this aspect of nutrient absorption by the oil palm will explain why the application of empty fruit bunches (EFB) is important. Applying EFB increases the amount of roots, thus increasing the palm’s ability to absorb nutrients and hence, potentially making fertilizer applications more effective. To determine which part of the roots collects and absorbs nutrients, various locations on the primary roots, starting from the root tip, were treated with a solution of KH2PO4 containing 5 μg P ml-1 and 4 μCi of carrier-free 32P. The various locations were identified based on their colour, i.e. creamy white for the root tip, beige for that part of the root just after the creamy white portion, and dark brown for the oldest part of the root. After 24 hr of exposure, the amount of radioactivity emitted from each location was determined. Another experiment was conducted to determine the nutrient distribution pattern in the root after the nutrient was absorbed. In this experiment, the root tip and the part of the root that was dark brown in colour were treated with potassium chloride solution laced with 86Rb for 24 hr. After that time period, about 1 cm of each treated root, starting from the root tip and moving towards the palm base was cut, and their radioactivity determined. Results show that the part of the root that was creamy white (root tip) was significantly more active (P<0.05) in absorbing the nutrient compared to the other parts of the root. The amount of nutrient absorbed at that part of the root increased over time and was significantly higher (p<0.05) at 72 hr compared to absorption at 24 hr. The nutrient distribution pattern in the root from the point of exposure towards the palm base was different when the nutrient was absorbed from the root tip compared to the older part of the root which was dark brown in colour. When the nutrient was absorbed at the root tip, the distribution pattern of the nutrient along the length of the root from the tip to the base of the palm showed a certain pattern. Nutrient concentration was highest at the tip of the root and gradually decreased along the root towards the palm base. However, the nutrient distribution in the treatment of the dark brown part of the root did not follow the same pattern. It is suggested that the nutrient collected within the spaces in the older brown part of the root and flowed towards the root tip before being absorbed. Application of EFB increased the mass of roots. The results imply that for fertilizer application to be more effective, the fertilizers should be applied to those places where most of the roots are formed, i.e. especially under the heaps of EFB

Pipeline problem: factors influencing the under representation of women in the top leadership positions of sport organisations

National Sport Associations, National and International Sport Federations and even the International Olympic Committee continue to struggle with meeting the 20% representation quota of women in executive boards. Although women’s representation as athletes, coaches and officials has increased in national and international sport competitions, this does not hold in leadership, particularly in top positions. In sport leadership, empirical research showed statistical figures that women have gained access in leadership pipeline however, they still lack representation on executive boards. This study is a part of a larger phenomenological investigation intended to identify the factors that influence the persistent underrepresentation of women in top leadership positions. From a purposive maximum variation sampling of seven participants, top women leaders in Malaysia national sport organisations were interviewed about their career paths and experiences concerning how and why women top leaders continue to lag behind their male counterparts. Results suggest that self-limiting behaviors, work-life conflict and interpersonal relationships among other women contribute to the underrepresentation of women in top positions. Factors attributed to social perception of gender and leadership roles incongruence also limited women leaders’ access in organisations, which subsequently contribute to the pipeline problem. Moreover, participants offered suggestions in overcoming the challenges and personal strategies in advancing opportunities and career development