Etude du potentiel antioxydant de quatre fractions obtenues par ultrafiltration membranaire d’hydrolysats de protéines de fenugrec (Trigonella foenumgraecum) [Antioxidant properties of ultrafiltration membrane fractions obtained from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) proteins hydrolysates]

Introduction. Vu leur richesse en protéines, les légumineuses peuvent cons-tituer une source potentielle de biopeptides. Ces derniers peuvent être libérés des pro-téines par une hydrolyse enzymatique contrôlée. Les hydrolysats, ainsi obtenus, sont formés d’un mélange de peptides. Objectif. Cette étude vise à évaluer, in vitro, l’activité antioxydante d’hydrolysats protéiques de fenugrec et de leurs fractions. Matériel et méthodes. Les protéines sont purifiées à partir de la farine de fenugrec délipidée, par précipitation au point isoélectrique. Ces protéines sont ensuite hydrolysées par deux enzymes : l’Espérase et la Purafect. Les hydrolysats obtenus (PFHE et PFHP, respective-ment pour protéines de fenugrec hydrolysées avec Espérase et Purafect) sont alors frac-tionnés par ultrafiltration membranaire aux seuils de coupure moléculaire 30, 10 et 5 kDa. Les propriétés antioxydantes de chaque fraction ont été évaluées par la détermi-nation de la capacité de piégeage du diphénylpicrylhydrazyl et du pouvoir de réduction de l’ion ferrique. Résultats. Les PFHE montrent des propriétés antioxydantes supérieures à celles enregistrées avec les PFHP. Les activités antioxydantes des deux hydrolysats varient d’une fraction à une autre, avec de meilleures activités enregistrées avec les fractions 30 kDa. Les fractions ont montré des propriétés antioxy-dantes inférieures ou égales à celles des hydrolysats. Conclusion. Les hydrolysats de protéines de fenugrec possèdent des propriétés antioxydantes. Par ailleurs, ces proprié-tés ne sont pas significativement améliorées après fractionnement

RAPID IMPLEMENTATION OF REAL-TIME REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (REAL-TIME RT-PCR) ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF SARS-COV-2 IN A MOROCCAN HOSPITAL

Background: The main challenge faced in the African countries was to implement efficient molecular diagnostic facilities and start Covid-19 diagnosis as fast as possible to handle the rapid and unpredictable rise of cases. Materials, Methods and Results: We describe our experience in implementing a molecular biology unit at Sheikh Zaïd International University Hospital in Rabat, with a delay as short as one week, and starting real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of SARS-Cov-2 infection, since the outbreak widened in Morocco in mid-March, 2020. Conclusion: The challenges encountered in the first period of Covid-19 pandemic are still present. This work aims to give an example of a rapid and adaptive response in order to maintain our diagnosis ability for Covid-19 and for other pathogen

Fracture Mechanisms of Micro-Alloy Steel at Elevated Temperature

The objective of this work is to study the hot ductility and fracture mechanisms of micro-alloy steel of industrial production whose initial structural state is a rolling stock. To simulate the thermomechanical treatments imposed we have deformed by tensile our samples after having subjected them to a solution treatment at 1200 °C and a precipitation treatment cycle before deformation. Hot deformations were carried out at a deformation rate of 1.96x10-3 s-1 and temperatures from 700 °C to 1050 °C. By observing our tensile-deformed specimens, we can suggest that there is a link between the damage suffered and the type of fracture that results

Análisis de la fracturación y su relación con estructuras kársticas presentes en las calizas del Jurásico Inferior del plateau de Agourai (Atlas Medio, Marruecos)

This study analyzes the fracture network at different scales in the Lower Jurassic limestones outcropping in the Agourai plateau, Middle Atlas, and their relationship with karst structures. This zone belongs to the Sub-Tabular Middle Atlas belt, called "Causses Moyen-Atlasiques ". This area underwent a polyphased tectonic evolution, involving karst depressions aligned NE-SWparallel to the main faults. The approach is based on the fracturing analysis and the determination of relationships between tectonic events and the main karstic structures development, corresponding to aligned dolines forming important uvala systems. We analyze the karst distribution along the main faults affecting Liassic carbonates and we describe some karst sedimentary fillEste trabajo muestra un análisis de la fracturación a diferentes escalas que afecta a las calizas del Jurásico Inferior del plateau de Agourai, Atlas Medio Esta zona pertenece al cinturón subhorizontal medio del Atlas y ha sufrido una evolución tectónica polifásica, con depresiones kársticas alineadas NE-SO paralelas a las fallas principales. Este estudio está basado en el análisis de la fracturación y la determinación de relaciones entre los eventos tectónicos y el desarrollo de las principales estructuras kársticas, que corresponden con dolinas alineadas formando sistemas de uvalas. Analizamos la distribución kárstica a lo largo de las fallas principales que afectan a las calizas del Lias y describimos los rellenos kársticos de algunas de ella

Effets de deux hydrolysats de protéines de poisson (Sardina pilchardus et Sardinella aurita) sur le transport inverse du cholestérol et le statut redox, chez le rat soumis à un régime enrichi en cholestérol |Effects of two fish protein hydrolysates (Sardina pilchardus and Sardinella aurita) on reverse cholesterol transport and redox status, in rat fed a cholesterol-enriched diet]

Introduction. Several studies have reported that marine peptides have antioxidant effect. However, few have focused on their cholesterol-lowering effect. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sardine (Sardina pilchardus ) and sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) protein hydrolysates on reverse cholesterol transport, and antioxidant status, in rat fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. Materials and methods. Eighteen male Wistar rats (350±15g) were divided into three groups, and fed 20% casein and 1% cholesterol for 15 days. During this period, two groups received by gavage sardine protein hydrolysates (HPS) or sardinelle (HPA) solution. The 3rd group received water (GC). Results. Cholesterolemia was 1.7-fold lower in hydrolysates fed groups. The lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was respectively, 1.7- and 1.6-fold higher in HPS and HPA groups. Phospholipids values of high density lipoprotein (PL-HDL ) were 1.4-fold lower in HPS compared with GC group. Cholesteryl esters amounts of HDL (CE-HDL ) were respectively, 1.7- and 1.5-fold higher in HPS and HPA groups. Liver and muscle thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were respectively reduced by 68% and 29% in HPS and 48.5% and 63.6% in HPA group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased by 32% in liver and 78% in muscle of HPA. Conclusion. It seems that HPS and HPA act favorably on reverse cholesterol transport, and improve oxidative stress, in rat fed cholesterol- enriched diet

Protein Hydrolysates from Fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum graecum</i>) as Nutraceutical Molecules in Colon Cancer Treatment

The application of plant extracts for therapeutic purposes has been used in traditional medicine since the plants are a source of a great variety of chemical compounds that possess biological activity. Actually, the effect of these extracts on diseases such as cancer is being widely studied. Colorectal adenocarcinoma is one of the main causes of cancer related to death and the second most prevalent carcinoma in Western countries. The aim of this work is to study the possible effect of two fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) protein hydrolysates on treatment and progression of colorectal cancer. Fenugreek proteins from seeds were hydrolysed by using two enzymes separately, which are named Purafect and Esperase, and were then tested on differentiated and undifferentiated human colonic adenocarcinoma Caco2/TC7 cells. Both hydrolysates did not affect the growth of differentiated cells, while they caused a decrease in undifferentiated cell proliferation by early apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in phase G1. This was triggered by a mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, cytochrome C release to cytoplasm, and caspase-3 activation. In addition, the hydrolysates of fenugreek proteins displayed antioxidant activity since they reduce the intracellular levels of ROS. These findings suggest that fenugreek protein hydrolysates could be used as nutraceutical molecules in colorectal cancer treatment