L’efficacité de l’informel dans le développement langagier : Le passage de l’input à la construction de l’output

L’objectif de cet article est de donner un positionnement pratique sur le parcours mené en recherche expérimentale (intervention), concernant l’exploitation du milieu informel au service du formel, pour développer les compétences des apprenants en langue française grâce à l’utilisation d’Internet. Il explique la méthodologie adoptée durant la phase d’expérimentation en décrivant le cadre de l’expérience et les modalités de travail.  Cette analyse a été soutenue par des données aussi observables que possible dans un domaine où peu de ces données sont contrôlables. L’objectif de cette recherche intervention (RI) est d’étudier comment l’environnement informel peut contribuer à accélérer le processus de la construction du savoir.

Experimental Study for Load-Settlement Behavior of Flat and Shell Footings on Sandy Silt Soil

Shell foundations are often used to raise the carrying capacity of a structure on weak soils. In cases where large superstructure loads must be transferred to poorer soils, shell foundations are more cost-effective than ordinary shallow foundations. Advances in the study and design of shell-type foundations have shown their superiority over traditional footings in poorer soils. The current study aims to investigate shell shape’s influence on ultimate load capacity. Seven footing types’ models were created along with an appropriate testing box. The soil needed for the study was from the region north of Mosul city, classified as silt with low plasticity (sandy silt) soil. A laboratory model experimentally determined the ultimate load capacities for inverted and upright conical, inverted and upright pyramid, and hemispherical shell foundations on silty soil. The achieved results were associated with those for conventional flat squares and circles. According to the findings, the “upright conical” shell footing has a load capacity of 12.7 kN, higher than the other foundations, and its efficiency was 51%. When comparing foundations, the “upright pyramidal” shell footing has better settling characteristics and a settlement factor of 0.017. As the shell factor decreases, the shell foundation begins to behave more like a flat foundation, which reduces the maximum load capacity of the shell foundation

Numerical Study of Inverted Shell Footing Behavior on Sandy Soil

Inverted and upright shell foundations, are increasingly utilized in engineering projects as structural elements beneath buildings, towers, curved dams, and other structures. They serve as economical alternatives to shallow foundations when encountering high loads transmitted through weak soil. The purpose of this research is to use the numerical modeling program Midas GTS NX to better understand the load-settlement behavior of inverted shell footings subjected to vertically applied loads. The study involved variables related to the properties of shell cross-sections, embedment depth of footing, and angle of side slope of footing. Also, the shell efficiency factor and the non-dimensional settlement factor for the shell footing are studied. The results show that inverted shell footings exhibit higher load-carrying capacity compared to traditional flat footings. Furthermore, it was found that inverted shell footings within the range of side slope angles of 15°–30° have a higher load-carrying capacity than traditional flat footings. Additionally, an increase in embedment depth was shown to be effective in enhancing the load-carrying capacity of inverted shell footings. From the obtained results, it was also concluded that the shell efficiency factor (η) of inverted shell footings is high. In particular, the inverted pyramid shell footing with an angle of 15°–30° exhibited higher efficiency compared to other footings, by 48.3% and 39.8%, respectively. The settlement improvement factor (Fa) of inverted shell footings was found to be low with the inverted pyramid shell footing at an angle of 15°–30° having a lower value compared to others by 5x10-4 and 507x10-4, respectively

Anti-Caspr 2 Antibody Encephalitis: A Case Report

Encephalitis is a term denoted to Inflammation in the brain which can be due to infection, autoimmunity, or can be a part of a paraneoplastic phenomenon with malignancy. Anti-CASPR 2 antibody encephalitis is a rare form of encephalitis that can be associated with malignancy, paraneoplastic phenomenon or can be an autoimmune disease. We present a case of a young boy who presented with new onset seizures and altered sensorium and was diagnosed with anti-CASPR 2 antibody encephalitis. Anti-CASPR 2 Antibody Encephalitis is a rare form of encephalitis which due to its great diverse presentation should be kept in the differential diagnosis of conditions like limbic encephalitis

Cyclic Alternating Pattern of Encephalopathy (Cape) In CNS Infection: A Case Report

Cyclic Alternating Pattern of Encephalopathy (CAPE) is rare EEG phenomenon first described in 1944 in a comatose patient. It is similar to sleep EEG pattern of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) which is a periodic electroencephalogram activity of non-REM sleep. The cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) is defined by sequences of transient electrocortical events that are different from the tonic background and repeat at intervals of up to one minute. CAPE, however, is abnormal EEG pattern. In this pattern of EEG abnormality slow wave activity of 1-2Hz alternates with fast activity of 6-10 hertz. Here we present a case of patient with CNS infection on mechanical ventilation whose EEG showed the above-mentioned pattern

Terson Syndrome in A Patient with Unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most commonly seen cyanotic congenital heart disease. It includes four cardinal features: right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, misaligned ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and concentric right ventricular hypertrophy. Intracranial pathologies such as brain abscesses, cerebrovascular accidents, and intracranial haemorrhage all have been reported with Tetralogy of Fallot. Here we present a case who had subarachnoid haemorrhage with vitreous haemorrhage in Tetralogy of Fallot

Nurturing Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in a Developing Economy: Myths and Realities

Entrepreneurship is considered as a panacea for economic infirmities. Development and prosperity can be fostered, upon the organized availability of the required resources, ambidextrously.  Entrepreneurship ecosystem is an appropriate approach where a systematic and conducive atmosphere for business activities is paved by providing support and services in the area of business policy, financing, human capital availability, infrastructure accessibility, entrepreneurial culture orientation and internationalization of indigenous products. However, despite having numerous entrepreneurship reinforce institutions, the entrepreneurship ecosystem of many developing countries is still sluggish, Pakistan is prominent among those. To improve entrepreneurship ecosystem, experts have endorsed the role of state ‘pivotal’. In this study, the entrepreneurship ecosystem of Pakistan is explored by focusing the role of government along other dimensions. For the purpose of this examination, an inductive approach was adopted in which twelve open ended interviews were conducted from policy makers, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship professors and trade associations across the country. After thematic analysis, entrepreneurial ecosystem was found stagnant, where the role of government revealed as ambivalent, yet unfriendly and deficient. In order to develop entrepreneurship, a specific national policy for entrepreneurship should be enacted on priority and then ‘one size fit approach’ must be relinquished. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Ecosystem, Small and Medium Enterprises, Developing Economy, SME

Improvement of Soft Soil Properties Using Dynamic Compaction with Stone Columns: Case Study (AL-Mualla Site-Yeman)

Dynamic compaction was considered as one of a deep compaction method which was used to improve the soil properties. Also it was used to save cost and time in comparison with other methods.The aims of the present studies were to study the improvement and changes in soil properties that occurred in Al-Mualla Site-Yeman using dynamic compaction. The site soils classified as Silty Sand with small boulder with Clayey-Silt layer extend from 2.2 m to 3.2 m deep.Cone penetration test was done before and after treatment process using dynamic compaction for approximately the same two tested boreholes. As a result of the treatment and based on how the soil properties changes, the soil was divided into three zones varied from (1.2 to 5, 5 to 8.6, and 8.6 to 11 m) respectively. Field results show that there was increased in bearing capacity from 80 kN/m2 to 110 kN/m2. Cone penetration test for the first zone increased from (1.2 to 8.35 MN/m2), and from (2.43 to 7.07 MN/m2) for the first and third zone respectively at the first tested borehole and also from (2.05 to 6.8 MN/m2), and (2.14 to 5.0 MN/m2) for the second tested borehole. Also can be noted that the cone penetration test results decreased from (5.22 to 3.77 MN/m2) for the second zone at the first tested borehole, with no change was happening for the second tested boreholes.Also the effect of soil improvement on the settlement value and effective stress distribution was studied theoretically using finite element package PLAXIS2D program. The result shows that the improvement in soil properties leads to decrease in the expected settlement

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Experience in Patients Presenting to A Tertiary Care Hospital: A Case Series

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare cause of rapidly progressive dementia, it is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the misfolding of prion proteins in the brain, and misfolded proteins further propagate by causing misfolding of other proteins. It presents with insidious onset of neurobehavioral symptoms that rapidly develop into cognitive and motor decline and uncontrolled seizures. The diagnosis is established with help of clinical signs and symptoms, and using imaging and lab investigations to rule out other treatable causes. Some imaging findings point to the diagnosis of CJD that will be viewed in the cases below. Diagnosis can be augmented by CSF studies but due to the risk of biohazard and spread of CJD, special care needs to be taken. Confirmation is only via brain biopsy. In this article we share our experience with four cases of CJD that presented to our hospital