Ketajaman Mata dalam Kriteria Visibilitas Hilal

Dalam kriteria visibilitas hilal, ada beberapa faktor yang seharusnya menjadi variabel pendukung dalam Perumusan kriteria, diantaranya adalah faktor konfigurasi benda langit (Astronomi), Geografi, Meteorologi dan kualitas instrumen, dalam hal ini kualitas instrumen dapat berupa teleskop dan juga organ mata sebagai subjek utama dalam rukyatul hilal, yang nantinya akan berhubungan dengan faktor akuitas mata (ketajaman mata). Berdasarkan praktek dilapangan, kriteria visibilitas hilal ini tidak pernah menerapkan faktor ketajaman mata sebagai acuan Perumusannya, namun Judhistira Aria Utama bersama Binta Yunita sempat meneliti tentang hal tersebut, ia mengkaji faktor ketajaman mata dan penerapannya dalam kriteria visibilitas hilal Kastner. Ia juga berusaha untuk memecahkan kasus pengamatan hilal rekor dunia yang menurut kriteria Kastner tidak mungkin dapat diamati, tetapi dalam prakteknya berhasil untuk diamati. Dari kajian tersebut disimpulkan bahwa : 1) Faktor ketajaman mata sangat berperan penting dalam berhasil tidaknya hilal terlihat saat pengamatan, hal tersebut dikarenakan kemampuan mata tiap individu yang berbeda-beda, ada yang normal, ada yang dibawah normal (cacat), bahkan ada yang mempunyai kemampuan mata diatas normal. 2) Dalam prakteknya faktor ketajaman mata belum pernah diterapkan, baik dalam kriteria visibilitas hilal, maupun dalam penetapan awal bulan Kamariah. 3) Ketajaman mata harus dipertimbangkan dalam rukyatul hilal, meskipun hal tersebut dirasa rumit jika diterapkan dalam sebuah kriteria, namun ada alternatif lain yang bisa dipakai yaitu menjadikan faktor ketajaman mata sebagai bahan pertimbangan atau bahan verifikasi terhadap laporan hasil rukyatul hilal. Jadi dalam penerimaan atau penolakan sebuah laporan rukyatul hilal harus ada faktor ketajaman mata dari pengamat yang berhasil melihat hilal, yang menjadi pertimbangan mungkin tidaknya hilal dilihat oleh orang tersebut

Intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone acetonide as the primary treatment for diabetic macular edema

Hatem M Marey, Amin F EllakwaOphthalmology Department, Minoufiya University, EgyptPurpose: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab alone or combined with intravitreal triamcinolone as the primary treatment for cases with diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods: Ninety eyes were enrolled in one of the three study arms; where intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVT) was used in group I, IVT/intravitreal bevacizumab (IVT/IVB) in group II, and IVB in group III. The visual acuity (VA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were used as the outcome measures, where the results of each group were calculated and compared with the results of the other.Results: There was significant improvement in the VA in the three study groups at weeks 6 and 12; with regards to the intraocular pressure (IOP), there was significant difference at week 6 in the IVT and IVT/IVB groups, and at week 12 in IVT/IVB group, and nonsignificant difference at week 6 in the IVB group and at week 12 in IVT and IVB groups.Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that IVB is an effective drug for treatment of DME, and has a long lasting effect when compared with IVT and when compared with combined IVT/IVB; adding IVT does not affect the outcome measures except for elevating the IOP in treated patients in the early post-injection period.Keywords: visual acuity, central macular thickness, intraocular pressure, IVT, IV

Development of PAN (personal area network) for Mobile Robot Using Bluetooth Transceiver

In recent years, wireless applications using radio frequency (RF) have been rapidly evolving in personal computing and communications devices. Bluetooth technology was created to replace the cables used on mobile devices. Bluetooth is an open specification and encompasses a simple low-cost, low power solution for integration into devices. This research work aim was to provide a PAN (personal area network) for computer based mobile robot that supports real-time control of four mobile robots from a host mobile robot. With ad hoc topology, mobile robots may request and establish a connection when it is within the range or terminated the connection when it leaves the area. A system that contains both hardware and software is designed to enable the robots to participate in multi-agent robotics system (MARS). Computer based mobile robot provide operating system that enabled development of wireless connection via IP address

Developing the Learning Materials of Biotechnology Subject Based on Students' Need and Character of Nusantara PGRI University of Kediri

Various applications and utilization of biotechnology are very important to be introduced early. Introducing biotechnology through levels of education can be done by transferring science to students. Transferring knowledge through lectures activities are often experience constraints, one of them is that there is no adequate source of learning materials available. The research aimed todevelop a teaching materials of biotechnology course which is suited to the students' necessary. The method used was 4Ddevelopment model which was adopted from Thiagarajan, et al (1974). The model contains four stages, i.e. define, design, develop, and deploy. Data collection techniques was using validation questionnaires for experts, individual test and small-scale trials. Data analysis results show that the average results of validation and testing were categorized as “eligible” with “good”predicate , based on the Eligibility Level Criteria and Product Revise table. Theproduct has an advantages and disadvantages which still needed to be revised

Endoscopic endonasal management of recurrent petrous apex cholesterol granuloma.

Petrous apex cholesterol granulomas (PACG) are uncommon lesions. Recurrence following transcranial or endonasal approaches to aerate the cyst occurs in up to 60% of cases. We describe the technical nuances pertinent to the endonasal endoscopic management of a recurrent symptomatic PACG and review the literature. A 19-year-old woman presented with a recurrent right abducens nerve paresis. Four months prior, she underwent an endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for drainage of a symptomatic PACG. Current imaging documented recurrence of the right PACG. Transsphenoidal and infrapetrous approaches were performed to obtain a wider bony opening along the petrous apex and drain the cyst. A Doyle splint was inserted into the cyst's cavity and extended out into the sphenoid, maintaining patency during the healing process. Three months after surgery, the splint was removed endoscopically, allowing visualization of a patent cylindrical communication between both aerated cavities. The patient remains symptom- and recurrence-free. Endoscopic endonasal surgery must be adapted to manage recurrent PACG. A TSS may not be sufficient. An infrapetrous approach with wider bony opening, extensive removal of the cyst's anterior wall, and use of a stent are indicated for the treatment of recurrent PACG and to prevent recurrences