Red Ginger's Anti-Anxiety Effect on BALB/c Strain Mice (Mus musculus) Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Measurements as Anxiety Model

هناك علاقة بين حدوث القلق وإنتاج الوسائط الالتهابية ، جذور الزنجبيل الأحمر هو منتج عشبي مشهور يحتوي على نسبة عالية من مركبات الفينول والفلافونويد التي يمكن استخدامها كمضادات للالتهابات ومضادات الأكسدة. دراسة لتقييم تأثير الزنجبيل الأحمر كمضاد للقلق لدى الفئران (Mus musculus) سلالة BALB / c عن طريق قياس مستويات TNF-α و IL-6 و IL-10.   . تم إجراء اختبار نموذج القلق من خلال إعطاء العلاج للفئران  باختبار السباحة القسرية (FST) لمدة 7 أيام ثم تم تقييمها عن طريق إجراء اختبار Elevated Plus Maze for Mice (EPM) لمدة يوم واحد. بعد العلاج ، تم عمل نموذج الفئران القلق ، متبوعًا بإعطاء العلاج بمستخلص الإيثانول من الزنجبيل الأحمر لمدة 14 يومًا. تم تقسيم توزيع مجموعات النماذج الحيوانية التجريبية إلى مجموعات ضابطة (KN، K-، K +) ومجموعات معاملة (P، P2، P3) وكان هناك اختلاف معنوي في انخفاض مستويات TNF-α في كل المعاملة. المجموعات التي تحتوي على مستخلص جذور الزنجبيل الأحمر (P1 ، P2 ، P3) مقارنة بمجموعات التحكم (KN ، K-) (P <0.05) ، انخفض بشكل ملحوظ م من مستويات IL-6 في مجموعة العلاج بالجرعات الثلاث (P1 ، P2 ، P3 ) مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة (K-، K +) (p <0.05) وزيادة مستويات IL-10 في مجموعة العلاج 50 مجم مقارنة بالمجموعة K - ، غير ذات دلالة إحصائية (p> 0.05). تشير الدراسة إلى أن تحفيز FST سيخلق أعراضًا وسلوكًا للقلق بالإضافة إلى تأثيره على مستويات السيتوكين ، أي المستويات المرتفعة من TNF- و IL-6. إن إعطاء مستخلص الإيثانول من الزنجبيل الأحمر لديه القدرة على إجراء مزيد من البحث لتقليل أعراض القلق لأنه يمكن أن يمنع السيتوكينات المؤيدة للالتهابات عن طريق انخفاض مستويات TNF- و IL-6 وزيادة السيتوكينات IL-10 بشكل كبير. يذاكر.There is a correlation between the occurrence of anxiety and the production of inflammatory mediators, and red ginger rhizome is a well-known herbal product with a high content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds that can be used as anti-inflammatories and antioxidants. The aim of study to evaluate the effect of red ginger as antianxiety in mice (Mus musculus) BALB/c strain by measuring levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10.  Anxiety model mice were carried out by giving treatment with the Forced Swimming Test (FST) for 7 days then assessed by carrying out the Elevated Plus Maze for Mice (EPM) test for one day. After the treatment, the anxiety mice model was made, followed by administration of red ginger ethanol extract therapy for 14 days. The distribution of the experimental animal model groups was divided into control groups (KN, K-, K+) and treatment groups (P, P2, P3).There was a significant difference the decreased of the TNF-α levels at the all of treatment groups with red ginger rhizome extract (P1, P2, P3) compared with the control groups (KN, K-) (p<0.05), the significantly decreased of IL-6 levels in the three doses treatment group (P1, P2, P3) compared to the control group (K-, K+) (p <0.05) and an increase in IL-10 levels in the 50 mg treatment group compared to group K -, statistically not significant (p>0.05).In overall, this study suggests that FST stimulation will create anxiety symptoms and behavior as well as impact cytokine levels, namely elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Giving red ginger ethanol extract has the potential to be researched further for reducing anxiety symptoms because it can block pro-inflammatory cytokines by significantly decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and increased IL-10 cytokines a brief abstract about your paper’s subject of study

Hemoglobin and Ferritin Serum Levels on Leprosy Patients Before Multi Drug Therapy - World Health Organization (Mdt - Who) Compared with Healthy Control Group

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. The research aimed at investigating the hemoglobin and ferritin serum levels on the leprosy patients compared with the healthy control group, whether the anemia occurred on the leprosy patients. The research was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and other hospitals in Makassar City from April to July 2017. The research used the analytic observational method with the case control study design. Samples were the leprosy patients and the control group of 18 - 52 years old who came to be treated to the dermatovenereology of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and other hospitals in Makassar City. As many as 37 samples consisted of 19 samples of the leprosy patients and 18 samples of the control group.Blood from the vein of mediana cubiti was taken, the hemoglobin examination was carried out using the hematology analyzer and the ferritin serum was conducted using ELFA technique to find out every level. The research result indicates that the mean hemoglobin level on the leprosy patients is 13.1H.9 gr/dl lower than the control group with 14.2±1.3 gr/dl, the ferritin serum level is higher on the leprosy patients with the mean of 236.9±204.9 than the control group with 132.9±85.4. From 37 samples, the lowest hemoglobin level is 9.5 gr/dl, and the highest is 16.3 gr/dl with the mean of 13.6±1.7 gr/dl, the lowest ferritin serum level is 6.5 pg/ml, and the highest is 692.5 pg/dl with the mean of 186.3±165.0 pg/dl

Identification of Malassezia Species in Seborrheic Dermatitis Patients Using Nested-pcr

Seborrheic Dermatitis is a common chronic papulosquamous disease and may affect adults and infants. This study aims to determine the frequency of Malassezia species among Seborrheic dermatitis patients using Nested-PCR; and to evaluate the effect of HIV and non-HIV on the incidence of Malassezia species. The research was conducted at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital and other hospitals in Makassar from June 2017 to August 2017. This study used analytic and descriptive observational method with cross sectional approach. The samples were Seborrheic dermatitis patients aged over 18 years old who came to dermatovenereology outpatient department of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and other hospital in Makassar. A total of 30 samples of seborrheic dermatitis patients, consisting of 5 HIV positive and 25 non-HIV patients, were scraped to collect the Seborrheic specimens, then Nested-PCR was performed to identify the Malassezia species. The results showed a high frequency of Malassezia species in seborrheic dermatitis patients, of which 30 samples obtained 23 samples was positive and 7 samples was negative, with Malassezia restricta as dominant species. Using nested PCR, of the 5 HIV positive patients, 4 samples (80%) were positive for Malassezia, while from 25 samples of non-HIV patients 19 (76%) of them were positive for Malassezia.

Serum Iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity and Transferrin Saturation Levels in Leprosy Patients before Multi Drug Therapy – World Health Organization (MDT-WHO) Compared with Healthy Control Group

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. This study aimed at investigating the Serum Iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity and Transferrin Saturation Levels on the leprosy patients compared with the healthy control group. This study is a continuation of previous research that has been studied Hemoglobin and Ferritin Serum Level on Leprosy Patient before Multi Drug Therapy compared with Healthy Control Group. The study was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and other hospitals in Makassar City from March to May 2018. The study used the analytic observational method with the case control study design. Samples were the leprosy patients and the control group of 18 - 52 years old who came to be treated to the dermatovenereology of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and other hospitals in Makassar City. As many as 40 samples consisted of 20 samples of the leprosy patients and 20 samples of the control group. This study shows that the iron and transferrin saturation levels in patients with leprosy are significantly lower compared to healthy population. Future studies with larger samples are needed to confirm this relationship. Iron supplementation might be considered in leprosy patients with anemia

The Identification Malassezia Species and Sebum Content on Seborrheic Dermatitis Patients

The research aimed at investigating the relationship between Malassezia species and sebum content on the seborrheic dermatitis patients. The research was conducted in Makassar City from July to September 2017. The research used the analytic observational method with the cross sectional design. Samples were the seborrheic dermatitis patients who fulfilled the criteria in Makassar City. Skuama was taken from 48 samples on the seborrheic dermatitis lesions, and the examination of KOH, culture and sebumeter were conducted. The research result of 48 patients samples, as many as 9 samples (18,8%) indicate  the positive KOH and culture examinations, as many as 39 samples (81.2%) indicate  the negative KOH and culture examinations. There is no compatibility of the sebum content examination between the positive and negative culture examinations

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE INTENSITY OF Mycobacterium leprae EXPOSURE TO CHILDREN WHO LIVE IN LOW AND HIGH ALTITUDE IN LOW LEPROSY ENDEMIC AREA OF SOUTH SULAWESI

Background: The intensity of Mycobacterium leprae exposure to people who live in leprosy endemic area could be measured by serological study and detection of the bacilli in the nose cavity. Different geographical altitude might have some influences to this exposure since the bacilli prefer to live in warm areas. Aim: A combined serological and PCR study of leprosy was conducted in Selayar island, South Sulawesi to 80 school children (40 from low land and 40 from highland altitudes) in order to compare the exposure intensity between the two areas. Method: Anti PGL-1 IgM antibody (ELISA) and PCR study to detect M.leprae in the nasal cavity were performed simultaneously from each person. Result: Seropositive cases were found in 23/40 children from low land compared to 16/40 children from high land, but statistically no significant difference (p>0.05). PCR positive for M.leprae in the nasal cavity only found in 1/40 children, both in low and high altitude. Conclusion: It is concluded that although the existence of M.leprae in nasal cavity is minimal, the intensity of exposure to this bacilli still high as indicated by serological study

DETECTION OF MALASSEZIA SPECIES IN PATIENTS OF PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR AND SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS USING NESTED-PCR IN DR. WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO GENERAL HOSPITAL AND ITS NETWORK HOSPITAL MAKASSAR IN 2018

Introduction Malassezia is a lipophilic dimorphic fungus belonging to the normal flora of human skin which might cause superficial mycosis on humans in the form of pityriasis versicolor and may accompany seborrheic dermatitis. Seborrheic dermatitis may affect adults and infants at the rich in sebaceous glands areas such as face, chest, back and head area. Aim This study aims to describe the species of Malassezia species found in pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo general hospital and its network hospitals Makassar in 2018. Method Cross-sectional study was performed on 29 patients of pityriasis versicolor and 40 patients with seborrheic dermatitis who came for treatment at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo general hospital and its network hospital in Makassar by Nested PCR examination of scale specimens scraped from both groups of patients with each primer to identify species of Malassezia species. Frequency distribution test was then conducted by fisher's exact test. Results The results showed 29 patients pityriasis versicolor and 40 patients seborrheic dermatitis. Of the 3 species of Malassezia (M.globosa, M.furfur, M.restricta), with Nested PCR examination only 14 cases of M. restricta were found in pityriasis versicolor patients (48.3%) and 31 cases of seborrheic dermatitis (77.5 %). M. furfur and M.globosa were not found in both groups of patients. Conclusions and Recommendations M.restricta was found on seborrheic dermatitis and its prevalence is greater than its finding on pityriasis versicolor. Therefore, antifungals should be considered to be given to patients with seborrheic dermatitis

Comparison of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in the Multibacillary (MB) Type of Leprosy Patients Before and After 3 Months of MDT-MB WHO Therapy

Leprosy is chronic infectious disease caused by the intracellular parasitic pathogen Mycobacterium Leprae involves accumulation of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased levels of antioxidant in affected individuals. The present treatment method available for leprosy is MDT (Multi Drug Therapy) from WHO (World Health Organization) involves combination of Rifampicin, Dapsone and Clofazimine. In this cohort prospective study, we have investigated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in 16 multibacillary leprosy patients before and after 3 months of MDT-MB WHO. In this study, we present that mean values of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) after 3 months of MDT-MB WHO were higher than before treated. From the sample groups in this study, we also found an decrease TAC levels in higher bacterial index after 3 months of MDT-MB WHO, this further increases significantly (p<0.05). Hence we conclude that 3 months giving of MDT-MB WHO increase the total antioxidant capacity