Preliminary evaluation of the Korea Health Development Institute community health practitioner training program

노트 : Evaluates project to train community health practitioners and aides (CHP and CHA) and village health aides (VHA) to provide primary health care to Korea's rural poor. Evaluation covers a period ending 5/80 and is based on document review, site visits, and interviews with trainees and with project personnel. The project paper defined the CHP's role as mainly curative, however, a mid-term assessment divided CHP duties evenly among preventive, curative, and clinic management. Trainees were chosen from the areas they were to serve on the basis of attitude and experience. The one-year CHP training program has three parts: classroom (for which texts were developed on internal medicine, surgery, preventive and emergency care, clinic management, and pharmaceutics), hospital internship, and field practice. Due to a lack of instructors and available hospital space, half the trainees entered field practice without adequate preparation, and field supervision was limited. Nonetheless, all trainees were judged to be doing satisfactory work. The CHP evaluation (30% in-class exam, 70% clinical assessment) was judged well-designed and objective. Guidelines for a revised CHP training program are provided. CHA's are nurse aides who undergo a 9-month training course. Turnover was high among CHA's who felt their duties required more varied training. VHA's are volunteers who perform simple health care and refer cases to the community health center. Although the VHA program was not examined in detail, a large number of VHA's have been trained and the program appears basically sound. It is recommended that: the final external evaluation include experts in mid-level health manpower training and that the final training evaluation estimate the quality of preventive and curative services; a management and supply system and a standardized training and evaluation program for nationwide deployment of CHP's be developed; and that USAID/P take immediate action to provide additional technical assistance to the Korean Health Development Institute

Urban air pollution and health inequities: a workshop report.

Over the past three decades, an array of legislation with attendant regulations has been implemented to enhance the quality of the environment and thereby improve the public's health. Despite the many beneficial changes that have followed, there remains a disproportionately higher prevalence of harmful environmental exposures, particularly air pollution, for certain populations. These populations most often reside in urban settings, have low socioeconomic status, and include a large proportion of ethnic minorities. The disparities between racial/ethnic minority and/or low-income populations in cities and the general population in terms of environmental exposures and related health risks have prompted the "environmental justice" or "environmental equity" movement, which strives to create cleaner environments for the most polluted communities. Achieving cleaner environments will require interventions based on scientific data specific to the populations at risk; however, research in this area has been relatively limited. To assess the current scientific information on urban air pollution and its health impacts and to help set the agenda for immediate intervention and future research, the American Lung Association organized an invited workshop on Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities held 22-24 October 1999 in Washington, DC. This report builds on literature reviews and summarizes the discussions of working groups charged with addressing key areas relevant to air pollution and health effects in urban environments. An overview was provided of the state of the science for health impacts of air pollution and technologies available for air quality monitoring and exposure assessment. The working groups then prioritized research needs to address the knowledge gaps and developed recommendations for community interventions and public policy to begin to remedy the exposure and health inequities

Promoting active transportation: an opportunity for public health

The connection between transportation and health is indisputable -- as a science, discipline and matter of policy. Transportation systems impact health for better or worse. Historically, they have been designed to accommodate nonactive modes of transportation, namely the car. Our communities are sprawling and built in a way that it makes it very difficult for an individual to get to work, home, school or play without driving. There are limited opportunities to get out of the car to walk or bicycle. Unnecessary congestion and air pollution have become customary and our waistlines are growing. Obesity could edge out tobacco as public enemy No. 1 in our lifetime.Preface -- Health and transportation -- The Transportation planning process -- Case study; success stories -- Communication strategies to build relationships -- Conclusions -- Glossary of terms -- References -- AcknowledgementsSafe Routes to School National Partnership, American Public Health Association"9/28/12" - date from document propertiesAvailable via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (16.42 MB, 26 p.)Includes bibliographical references.This publication was made possible by grant number 5U38HM000459-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through funding from the Healthy Community Design Initiative within the National Center for Environmental Health. For more information, go to: www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces. Funding was administered through a contract with the American Public Health Association. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Fourteenth(14th) seminar on tropical medicine

노트 : Seminar on Tropical Medicine, 14th (9-11 Jun 1983 : Seoul, KR

A.A.P.A., Sung the the A. A, P. A. Glee Club at the Banquet of the American Association of Public Accountants at Annapolis, September 17, 1914

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/2586/thumbnail.jp