573 research outputs found

    Load Repartition for Congestion Control in Multimedia Wireless Sensor Networks with Multipath Routing

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    Wireless sensor networks hold a great potential in the deployment of several applications of a paramount importance in our daily life. Video sensors are able to improve a number of these applications where new approaches adapted to both wireless sensor networks and video transport specific characteristics are required. The aim of this work is to provide the necessary bandwidth and to alleviate the congestion problem to video streaming. In this paper, we investigate various load repartition strategies for congestion control mechanism on top of a multipath routing feature. Simulations are performed in order to get insight into the performances of our proposals

    Couplage entre signalisation calcique et modulation du transcriptome en réponse à la cryptogéine chez des cellules de tabac

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    Les plantes utilisent des voies de signalisation calciques pour transcrire des stimuli en réponses adaptatives. Cependant, le couplage entre signalisation calcique, régulation transcriptionnelle et processus biochimiques reste méconnu. Dans ce contexte, mon travail visait à étudier chez le tabac la modulation calcium-dépendante du métabolisme des phénylpropanoïdes en réponse à la cryptogéine. L'activation de ce métabolisme conduit à l'accumulation pariétale d'acide hydroxycinnamiques. La régulation transcriptionnelle des gÚnes impliqués est non-linéairement corrélée avec les composantes du signal calcique, suggérant un modÚle de contrÎle de la transcription via l'action coordonnée de deux modules de décodage calcique. Par ailleurs, une étude microarray a révélé que 10% du transcriptome de tabac était modulé par la cryptogéine, les gÚnes identifiés constituant de bons candidats pour l'amélioration génétique des défenses des plantes.Plants use calcium-based signalling to transduce stimuli into adaptative responses. However, little is known about the coupling between calcium signalling, transcriptional regulation and biochemical processes. In this context, my work aimed at studying the calcium-dependent modulation of the phenylpropanoid metabolism in response to cryptogein perception in tobacco cells. The induction of this metabolism led to parietal accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids. The transcriptional regulation of the implicated genes is non-linearly correlated with components of the calcium signal, suggesting a model of coupling exerting control of transcription through the coordinated action of two calcium decoding modules. Furthermore, a microarray study revealed that 10% of the tobacco transcriptome was modulated by cryptogein perception; the genes identified being good candidates for genetic improvement of plant defenses

    Overview of surveillance of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) in France in 2012

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    Comparison of outcomes in patients with abandoned versus extracted implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads

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    SummaryBackgroundDespite the increased number of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients and the frequent need for device upgrading and/or occurrence of lead malfunction, the optimal approach to managing abandoned leads remains debated. Aims To determine the rate and type of complications related to either abandoned or extracted ICD leads. Methods Patients with abandoned or extracted leads were identified retrospectively. Patient medical records were reviewed to assess long-term lead or device malfunction, defibrillation test values before and after lead abandonment or extraction, and appropriateness of delivered shocks and subsequent surgical procedures related to devices or leads. Results A total of 58 ICD patients with 47 extracted and 34 abandoned leads were identified. After a mean follow-up of 3.2 ± 2.6 years, the defibrillation test was not affected by either abandoned or extracted leads (23.4 ± 6.6 J vs 25.4 ± 4.9 J, respectively; P = 0.24). There were no differences in the number of ICD-related surgical procedures after extracting versus abandoning leads (22% vs 12%, respectively; P = 0.3) or in the thromboembolic event rate (7.7% vs 6.3%; P = 0.83). During follow-up, no differences in the occurrence of major complications or appropriate/inappropriate shocks were observed between patients with or without abandoned leads. Conclusion We observed no difference in rates of immediate or medium-term complications between extracting versus abandoning leads. Lead abandonment remains an alternative and safe option when extraction does not appear mandatory according to the age of the leads or experience of the operating centre

    La nature enfermĂ©e ou l’aire protĂ©gĂ©e comme norme de protection d’un bien commun menacĂ©

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    Depuis les annĂ©es 1960, l’outil « aire protĂ©gĂ©e » s’est imposĂ© comme modĂšle de conservation d’une nature dĂ©sormais considĂ©rĂ©e comme un bien commun mondial. EntitĂ© spatiale par essence, elle traduit une façon de construire les interrelations sociĂ©tĂ© / environnement et de normer la nature. Elle apparaĂźt comme une construction sociospatiale, un espace d’application d’une norme qui produit un processus d’enfermement de la nature : une nature « qui le mĂ©rite » ou que mĂ©rite la sociĂ©té ? DĂšs lors se pose la question des rĂ©fĂ©rentiels scientifiques, normatifs et cognitifs mobilisĂ©s pour fonder le dispositif spatial d’enfermement et, implicitement, disqualifier d’autres espaces. Il s’agit tout d’abord de poser la question de « la nature enfermĂ©e ». Il s’agit ensuite de s’intĂ©resser Ă  la façon dont sont fixĂ©es les limites spatiales de cette nature « soustraite » et de voir en quoi l’aire protĂ©gĂ©e constitue un espace de confrontation entre des logiques et des reprĂ©sentations « techniciennes », des « besoins de nature » souvent issus des sociĂ©tĂ©s urbaines du Nord, des logiques plus empiriques renvoyant aux pratiques et aux savoirs locaux et des approches scientifiques de la complexitĂ©. Enfin, il s’agit de s’interroger sur le sens d’une production par la norme, de territoires du « dedans » et du « dehors », prenant peu en compte les interactions complexes des dynamiques environnementales, sociales et Ă©conomiques.The Nature is a world common good today. We have to preserve it. The protected area is a tool which stood out as a model of conservation: a standard which produces a process of confinement of the nature. How scientific references can create a protected area, lock spaces and forget the others? How are fixed the spatial limits? Which procedures? Which criteria? Which tools? The protected area constitutes a space where logics and representations of the North urban societies, local knowledges and scientific approaches meet

    Quercetin elevates p27Kip1 and arrests both primary and HPV16 E6/E7 transformed human keratinocytes in G1

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    Our previous work with primary bovine fibroblasts demonstrated that quercetin, a potent mutagen found in high levels in bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), arrested cells in G1 and G2/M, in correlation with p53 activation. The expression of bovine papillomavirus type 4 (BPV-4) E7 overcame this arrest and lead to the development of tumorigenic cells lines (Beniston et al., 2001). Given the possible link between papillomavirus infection, bracken fern in the diet and cancer of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract in humans, we investigated whether a similar situation would occur in human cells transformed by human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) oncoproteins. Quercetin arrested primary human foreskin keratinocytes in G1. Arrest was linked to an elevation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (cdki) p27Kip1. Expression of the HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins in transformed cells failed to abrogate cell cycle arrest. G1 arrest in the transformed cells was also linked to an increase of p27Kip1 with a concomitant reduction of cyclin E-associated kinase activity. This elevation of p27Kip1 was due not only to increased protein half-life, but also to increased mRNA transcription

    Comparaison des pourcentages de présence de barre de voisement sur les occlusives voisées du français /b, d/ entre trois apprenantes avancées d'origine taïwanaise et trois natives du français

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    cf. deuxiÚme fichier attaché qui est l'article contenu dans les actes parus en 2016International audienceCette étude s'intéresse à la production du voisement de /b/ et /d/ dans différentes positions prosodiques en français, produit par trois apprenantes taïwanaises en comparaison à des locutrices natives. Les trois apprenantes parlent mandarin et holo, et possédent dans leurs premiÚres langues deux systÚmes différents pour la réalisation de ces occlusives : i) opposition entre non-aspirées /p/ et /t/ et aspirées /ph/ et /th/ en mandarin (il n'existe pas d'opposition de voisement dans cette langue), et ii) opposition de voisement entre /b/ et /p/ en holo (la consonne /d/ n'existe pas dans cette langue). Nos résultats confirment que pour les trois natives françaises le voisement est présent sur la quasi-totalité de ces deux occlusives. Pour les apprenantes des schémas acoustiques trÚs différents sont réalisés selon les apprenantes supposant que d'autres facteurs entrent en jeu : une des trois locutrices arrive à produire le voisement des occlusives de façon similaire aux locutrices natives. Pour /b/, la durée moyenne du voisement durant la consonne pour les deux autres locutrices se situe autour de 50% (c'est-à-dire que la moitié de la consonne est voisée), avec une forte différence selon la position prosodique pour la locutrice 2. La durée moyenne du voisement est plus variable pour /d/, avec notamment pour locutrice 2 une durée du voisement proche de 100% (soit la totalité de la consonne) en initiale et de seulement 38% en intervocalique. La locutrice 3 produit la consonne /d/ sans trace de voisement durant la consonne indépendamment de la position prosodique

    MaXM: Towards Multilingual Visual Question Answering

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    Visual Question Answering (VQA) has been primarily studied through the lens of the English language. Yet, tackling VQA in other languages in the same manner would require a considerable amount of resources. In this paper, we propose scalable solutions to multilingual visual question answering (mVQA), on both data and modeling fronts. We first propose a translation-based framework to mVQA data generation that requires much less human annotation efforts than the conventional approach of directly collection questions and answers. Then, we apply our framework to the multilingual captions in the Crossmodal-3600 dataset and develop an efficient annotation protocol to create MaXM, a test-only VQA benchmark in 7 diverse languages. Finally, we develop a simple, lightweight, and effective approach as well as benchmark state-of-the-art English and multilingual VQA models. We hope that our benchmark encourages further research on mVQA.Comment: EMNLP 2023 (Findings). https://github.com/google-research-datasets/max

    Deciphering Electron Interplay at the Fullerene/Sputtered TiOxInterface: A Barrier-Free Electron Extraction for Organic Solar Cells

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    Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) technology now offers power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 18% and is one of the main emerging photovoltaic technologies. In such devices, titanium dioxide (TiOx) has been vastly used as an electron extraction layer, typically showing unwanted charge-extraction barriers and the need for light-soaking. In the present work, using advanced photoemission spectroscopies, we investigate the electronic interplay at the interface between low-temperature-sputtered TiOx and C70 acceptor fullerene molecules. We show that defect states in the band gap of TiOx are quenched by C70 while an interfacial state appears. This new interfacial state is expected to support the favorable energy band alignment observed, showing a perfect match of transport levels, and thus barrier-free extraction of charges, making low-temperature-sputtered TiOx a good candidate for the next generation of organic solar cells
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