Universal Medium Exploration of Einstein’s Mass Energy Relation: E = M C2 New Mass Energy Relation

Universal Medium; This thesis is about the Universe, which is a branch of Physics. It is a known fact that, we receive heat and light from sun and there are billions of stars in our galaxy which are emitting the same along with other radiations. In the universe there are billions of galaxies in which all the stars are emitting and the remaining [heavenly bodies] are receiving the radiations. The space between the heavenly bodies was considered as vacuum. In 20 th century it was found that ( i ) Though vacuum does not transmit sound , it will transmit heat , light and other wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum , known as Physical Vacuum and ( ii ) The physical vacuum possess energy ( heat energy ) known as Zero Point Energy and was found to be all pervasive and mandatory for all that exists in the universe . In the book titled ‘Numeric Biography of Prophet Muhammad‘[Peace be upon Him], the not worthy quote of Mrs. S. S. Banu, an Educationist and Awardee that “Universe possess heat”, bears testimony to my research. Further the discovery and existence of heat in the entire universe motivated to think of the universal medium. Mass Energy Relation The in depth study on heat and light radiations and their comparison proves that, heat is everything and light is fancy or optional. On the contrary, all the scientists from Aristotle till date have considered light and its velocity. Even Einstein in his mass energy relation e = m+c 2, had considered the velocity of light, even though it is independent of mass energy, reaction and medium. And the Einstein’s constant ‘ c ‘ , no longer remained a constant , as it was found to be decreased over a period of 300 years . The importance and the existence of heat in the entire universe and the variation of velocity of light, makes one to think of the velocity of heat radiations (Radiance), which is a constant. It is evident that the mass and energy are proportional to each other and the constant of Proportionality, should be a factor of the reaction (fusion) and the medium (in which the reaction is taking place). The constant is assumed as the velocity of Radiance ‘r’ as it justifies the dependence. Consequently, the mass and energy relation may be accepted as e = m+c 2 Since the heat of the medium is from the Infra Red Radiations, the medium may be called as ‘Radiance’. And its velocity may be denoted as ‘r‘ Similarly the other equations which comprises of the velocity of light may be reconsidered and replace the velocity of Radiance in place of velocity of Light wherever necessary

Numerical Solution of Mixed Volterra – Fredholm Integral Equation Using the Collocation Method

         معادلات فولتيرا- فريدهولم التكاملية المختلط ((MVFIEs لديها اهتمام كبير من قبل الباحثين مؤخرا . الطريقة العددية الي اقترحت لحل هذا النوع من المعادلات تستعمل نقاط التجميع وتقريب الحل بواسطة الدالة  اساس الشعاعي (radial basis function)  و متعددة حدود من الدرجة الثانية واندراج النقطة من دون استخدام الشبكة, ولسهولة  الحل تم استخدام اصفار متعددة حدود ليجندر كنقاط تجمع. الغرض الرئيسي من استخدام دالة أساس الشعاعي ومتعدد الحدود هو التغلب على التفرد الذي قد يرتبط بأساليب التجميع. علاوة على ذلك، فإن وظيفة الاستيفاء التي تم الحصول عليها تمر عبر كل النقاط المنتشرة في مجال ما ، وبالتالي فإن وظائف الشكل هي من خصائص خاصية دلتا. تمت مقارنة الحل الدقيق للحلول الانتقائية بالنتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من التجارب العددية من أجل التحقق من دقة وكفاءة طريقتنا.Volterra – Fredholm integral equations (VFIEs) have a massive interest from researchers recently. The current study suggests a collocation method for the mixed Volterra - Fredholm integral equations (MVFIEs)."A point interpolation collocation method is considered by combining the radial and polynomial basis functions using collocation points". The main purpose of the radial and polynomial basis functions is to overcome the singularity that could associate with the collocation methods. The obtained interpolation function passes through all Scattered Point in a domain and therefore, the Delta function property is the shape of the functions. The exact solution of selective solutions was compared with the results obtained from the numerical experiments in order to investigate the accuracy and the efficiency of scheme

Analytical Investigation of Higher Education Quality Improvement by Using Six Sigma Approach

For over two decades in India, the technical industry's unique selling proposition (USP), with its wide infrastructure of technical institutes, has been capable of supplying best-in-class engineers. But recently, this claim does not hold water. According to the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), about 2.6 lakh mechanical engineers graduate every year in India. But the real count of industry ready mechanical engineers is approximately 7%. Hence, there is a need to assess the quality of engineering education in India to reduce the flaws in higher education. The purpose of the paper is to identify the various defects associated with technical education and eliminate those defects using various quality tools. This research is based on the six sigma technique, which is used to assess the quality criteria proposed by the National Board of Accreditation India (NBA). The proposed model is then applied to a typical tier II Indian engineering college located in south India. Six Sigma has two main methodologies: DMAIC and DFSS. The DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) methodology is implemented for existing systems, whereas DFSS (Design for Six Sigma) is for assuring quality in new products. In this project, the conclusion is driven by the DMAIC methodology. Various statistical and non-statistical tools are employed in this research. The tools used are CTS-CTQ, SIPOC, Pareto chart, normal process capability analysis, one-way ANOVA, Ishikawa diagram, FMEA, RCBD, and SPC chart. All the statistical processes are done using Minitab analytical software. From the results, it is identified that the factors that have a risk priority number (RPN) greater than 300 need improvement, such as versatility in program curriculum, laboratories and workshops, and credibility among universities. Six Sigma can be achieved by developing proper strategies for mitigating these defects. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2022-03-02-07 Full Text: PD

Teachers’ and students’ level of utilization of ICT tools for teaching and learning mathematics in Ilorin, Nigeria

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an instrument par excellence that a nation can rely upon to bring about self-reliance in an educational system. Therefore, there is the need to integrate ICT into teaching and learning; hence, the study investigated the assessment of Teachers’ and Students’ level of utilization of ICT tools for teaching and learning mathematics in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive research of the survey type. The population for the study was all senior secondary schools in Ilorin, Kwara State. A total of 170 students and 50 mathematics teachers were randomly selected from senior secondary schools in Ilorin. The instrument used for the study was a researchers-designed questionnaire, which comprised of 24 ICT tools. The instrument was validated and the reliability index of 0.78 was obtained. The data gathered was analyzed statistically using simple percentage and Chi-Square statistics analyses. The findings revealed amongst others that; mathematics teachers and students utilized ICT tools for teaching and learning mathematics respectively. Also, mathematics teachers and students were not skilled in utilizing ICT tools. The findings from the study show that the gender of both teachers and students does not have any influence on the teaching and learning of mathematics with the use of ICT tools. Based on the findings, It was, therefore, recommended among others that seminars and workshops should be organized for both female and male mathematics teachers on the benefits and how to incorporate ICT tools into their teaching activities and students should be encouraged to familiarize themselves with ICT tools so as to increase their level of competencies in the use of ICT tools

Prevalence of Gastro-intestinal Parasites of Cattle in Ogbomoso, Oyo State

A study was carried out on the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes infection in naturally infected cattle in Ogbomoso area of Oyo State using standard parasitological techniques. The results indicated that out of the 1000 cattle examined, 30(3%) were infected and parasites identified were Haemonchus contortus 8(26.7%), Trichostrongylus spp 13(43.3%) and Cooperia spp 2(6.7%) as single infection. Mixed infections involved Haemonchus contortus with Trichostrongylus spp 5(16.7%), H. contortus with Cooperia spp 2(6.7%) being statistically significant (p<0.05).The prevalence rates of GI nematodes based on the sex and age of the cattle were 3.02%, 2.97%, 3.2% and 2.8% in adult, young, male and female animals respectively, with the highest faecal egg counts in adult animals with no statistical significance difference (p>0.05). Both female and male cattle were more infected with Haemonchus contortus with 5 (62.5%) each, while only male and young cattle were infected with Cooperia spp 2 (100%) and 1 (50%) respectively. The highest rate of mixed infection occurred in adult cattle with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp 2 (100%) followed by Haemonchus contortus and Cooperia spp in male 4 (80%) and adult 3 (60%).The variation in the prevalence of GI nematodes among sex and age groups within systems can be used as an entry point towards rational use of anthelmintics for each management system. More studies on seasonal transmission pattern of all these parasites are required in order to design rational, economic and locally sustainable parasite control programmes.Key words: Prevalence, gastro-intestinal parasites, Cattle, Ogbomos

Assessment of patients’ knowledge of tuberculosis and its impact on self-management ability

Purpose: To assess the knowledge of patients of tuberculosis (TB) and its relationship with patients’ self-management in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study is based a prospective cross-sectional design. It included a sample of 176 cases with an active or latent diagnosis of TB. A survey was conducted in some hospitals, including King Abdul-Aziz University from November 2016 to January 2017. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: The survey showed that 70 % of the patients had inadequate information on TB and its treatment, while only 4 % showed awareness of the prevalence of TB. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the educational level of patients and their knowledge of TB. Patients’ educational level substantially contributed to their understanding of health education. Conclusion: The findings suggest that active educational campaigns need to be initiated to enhance the patients’ awareness and knowledge of TB

Petrogenesis of Granitoid and Greenstone Rocks in the Yalgoo Area, Murchison Domain of the Youanmi Terrane, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, with Emphasis on Granitoid-Hosted Gold Mineralization

Two groups of mafic volcanic rocks and three types of granitoids have been identified in the Yalgoo area of Western Australia. Granodiorite records ages of ~2760 Ma and biotite monzogranite ages of 2636 Ma. A 1.85 Ga dolerite dyke is the first Paleoproterozoic dyke identified from the Yilgarn Craton. An indirect age of ~2.63 Ga is inferred for gold mineralization. Geochemical data indicate formation in a continental marginal arc with traces of Hadean crust

Temperature and water level measurement of liquid in a tank using fiber Bragg Grating

In this work, measurement of temperature and liquid level were performed simultaneously using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. A multi-channel Fibre Interrogator with built-in ASE laser source operating around 1552 to 1568 nm was employed to record a shift in Bragg wavelength due to contribution from both temperature and hydrostatic pressure of liquid weight in the tank. Results show a linear response between liquid level and temperature readings against the shift in Bragg wavelength for liquid level up to 85 cm in height and the temperature range of 27 to 77 ºC. The sensitivity of the sensor head for water level measurement is 10.57 pmcm-1, while the sensitivity for temperature measurement is 11.28 pm/ºC respectively

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

Aim: Ketorolac tromethamine is used for the treatment of a number of infections including infection of joints and bones, gastroenteritis, malignant otitis externa, respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, anthrax, skin structural infections, and typhoid fever, and it also used in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, chronic bacterial prostatitis, and nosocomial pneumonia. Objective: Difficulty in swallowing (dysphasia) is a common problem of all age groups, especially the elderly and pediatrics, due to physiological changes associated with these groups. Conclusion: In the present work, it has been observed from all formulations of pre-compression and post-compression studies were given within the limit of values. The in vitro dissolution data, F1 (combination of different superdisintegrants) when compared to other formulation

Bioactive metabolites in improved cowpea seeds

The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) has developed some pest and disease resistant cowpeas. From these the seeds of 8 cowpea cultivars were extracted with ethanol, and partitioned into chloroform and water-soluble fractions, the water-soluble fraction was further extracted with ethyl acetate. Residues from ethanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions for each of the 8 cowpea cultivars were screened against brine shrimp larvae. The seed extracts of cowpea cultivars IT93K – 596 – 9 – 12, IT90K – 277 – 2 and IT93K – 452 – 1 were found to be most active, indicating that they contain cytotoxic compound(s).African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (6), pp. 513-516, 200