The Structure and Reliability of the Amharic Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Orphan Adolescents in Addis Ababa

BACKGROUND: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was developed as a self-assessment tool to identify anxiety and depression in patients of age 16-65 years. Its use in younger age groups and illiterate populations is not well examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the structure, reliability, and applicability of its Amharic version in a community sample of early orphan adolescents. METHODS: Secondary data primarily collected from randomly selected 804 orphans using the Amharic version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale by interview technique in March 2010 in Addis Ababa was used with permission. Confirmatory factor analysis with principal components extraction and oblique rotation (delta=0) was computed. The internal consistency of the subscales was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and the correlation between the subscales was assessed using Pearson correlation. RESULTS: In the whole sample (age 11-18 years), two factors: anxiety and depression, explaining a total of 45.9% of the variance were found. In the 11-15 years sub-sample, the same two factors were extracted explaining a total of 45.7% of the variance. The Amharic-HADS had Cronbach’s alpha of 0.81 and 0.76 in the whole sample for the anxiety and depression sub-scales, respectively. In the 11-15 years sub-sample the corresponding alpha values for anxiety and depression scales were 0.80 and 0.77, respectively. The correlation between the anxiety and the depression subscales were 0.66 (

Detection of Antibiotic Residue in Raw Bulk Milk in Tiyo and Digelu-Tijo Milk Shades of Arsi Zone, Ethiopia

Across-sectional study was conducted from October 30/2017-July 30/2019 to determine antibiotic residues in raw bulk milk in Tiyo and Digelu-Tijo milk shades. Qualitative analysis by using Delvotest SP was conducted to screen antibiotic residues. A total of 125 milk samples were collected for antibiotic screening test. From 125 milk samples screened 12% 15/125 were positive for antibiotic residues. The prevalence was associated with presence of mastitis, history of use of antibiotics for the treatment of disease in their farms and herd size. The higher prevalence of residues was found in the dairy farms with higher prevalence of mastitis that uses antibiotics commonly for the treatment of mastitis and other disease. The residue occurrence was also higher in dairy farm owners who use antibiotics by themselves for the treatment and prevention of dairy cattle disease than consulting to veterinary for the treatment of the infected animals. The prevalence were statistically significant at (p<0.05). Attention has to be paid to the presence of drug residues in milk by producers, processors and consumers to be aware about the health impact of consumption of antibiotic residue with milk. Finally the use of effective enforcement of milk quality and safety standards is essential to provide the public with safe and wholesome animal product particularly milk and milk products. Keywords: Antibiotic screening, milk shad areas, delvotest SP Assay DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/107-03 Publication date: April 30th 202

Demonstration and Performance Evaluation of Dual Purpose "Potchefstroom koekoek" Chickens Under Farmers’ Management Conditions in the High Land Areas of Arsi zone, Oromiya Region

The study was conducted to demonstrate and evaluate performance of dual purpose Potchefstroom koekoek chicken with full package under farmers’ management system in the highland areas of Arsi zone, Oromia Region.A total of 18  farmers were selected purposively based on previous experience in poultry rearing, willingness to construct or modify poultry house, access to market and research input availability. Training was given on all chicken management aspects. A total of 55 day-old chickens with other packages were delivered to each participant farmer in Tiyo and Sagure. Data was collected starting from day one following chicken delivery up to start of the first egg lay and continued until 72 week of age. The current study revealed that on average 9.4% and 5.8% of mortality was recorded per participant farmer up to eight weeks of age at Sagure and Tiyo District respectively. 202.3 days (6.7month) and 1.46 kg body weight was recorded on average for first egg lay. The daily percentage of hen- housed egg production per participant farmers was 41.7% at 50 %( 32week) and 69.7% at 52weeks of age with average egg weight of 49.8g and 51.7g respectively. Per participant farmer, on average 1244 birr was expended for purchase inputs and 5500.33 birr was gained from sale of egg, cockerels and replacement chickens as net income. The farmers became aware of the importance of the breed that adapted well under the existing farmers' management condition and performed better than indigenous breeds for egg and meat production. Keywords:  koekoek chickens, demonstration, on farm evaluation, mortality DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-1-04 Publication date: January 31st 202

PREDICTORS OF SEXUAL VALUE SYSTEMS AMONG JIMMA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA

No abstract - Available on PD

The effect of socio-demographic factors and sources of sex information on romantic love levels among Jimma university students

Background: Romantic love levels determine the way individuals select their mate and what they expect from their sexual partners.Objective: To determine the effect of selected sociodemographic characteristics and sources of sex information on romantic love levels.Methods: A quantitative survey was conducted on 828 randomly selected regular students of Jimma University using a piloted questionnaire in May 2008.Results: The median age of the respondents was 20 (mean= 20.8, SD= 2). They had considerably high romantic love levels with Western type passion-focused ideals and myths about love and mate selection. Socio-demographic factors including gender, religion, ethnicity, place of origin (urban/rural), and level of education did not have a statistically significant effect on the romantic love level of the respondents. Romantic love levels were higher for those students who habitually watch love films, read love related materials or attend love related radio programs, but the effect sizes were small (Eta squared 0.0054, 0.0218, and 0.0131 respectively) indicating the presence of the romantic ideals in the culture itself.Conclusions: Romantic ideals of love were found in the culture and provoked by mass media products. Further community based investigations, and IEC (information, education, and communication) works are recommended

Role of Leadership and Learning Environment in Influencing Learning Achievement Level of Students: A Study of Gamo Gofa Zone of Et

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of influence of leadership and learning environment on students' academic achievement. The study employed survey design, quantitative method and simple random sampling technique. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution and independent samples t-test. The findings indicated that while both leadership and learning environment had a positive influence on the level of the students' learning achievement, leadership tended to have a greater influence than learning environment in the study area. Thus, the primary school principals in Gamo Gofa Zone need to keep on applying appropriate leadership styles besides establishing conducive learning environment in their respective schools; moreover, rigorous research supported by causal comparative model has to be conducted on the research problem so that it might contribute to alleviating the problem

PBC as a Solution for Public Procurement Problems: Some Ethiopian Evidence

Public procurement in developing countries is associated with a number of problems. Performance-based Contracting (PBC) is suggested as a solution for such problems. Here, we investigate whether this suggestion can work in the public procurement of developing countries. We use qualitative data from different sources in three complementary approaches: secondary data, focus group discussion using the World Café method, and interviews. Based on the agency and transaction cost economics theories, the analysis results indicate that using PBC in public procurement is believed to minimize some of the most common problems of public procurement in developing countries. Specifically, PBC is expected to reduce problems of accountability, corruption, and cost and time overrun, and to improve quality

Boy/Girl Friend and Virginity Values, and Stigma Related to Condom Among Jimma University Students

BACKGROUND: Traditional views of sexual behaviors are frequently changing as the factors influencing them are changing. Therefore, assessing sexual practices that are not part of the tradition would be necessary. The objective of this study was to identify the types of sexual practices, their development pattern and how these development patterns expose students to sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 1986 (1612 males, 365 females, and with 9 subjects’ gender not indicated) Jimma university students in August 2009 with their age ranging from 17-45 years (median = 20). Quantitative data was collected using a piloted, precoded questionnaire and qualitative data was collected from six focus group discussions. Logistic regression and descriptive statistics were computed and qualitative findings were triangulated with quantitative findings. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Practice of penile to vaginal intercourse, masturbation, kissing, oral sex, and anal sex were reported by 567 (28.9%), 688 (36.7%), 840 (42.4%), 179 (9.2%) and 83 (4.3%) of the respondents, respectively. Respondents had two years (one year with and one year without condom) of sexual experience before marriage. Sixty percent of those who had sexual experience were exposed to sexually transmitted infections and 46.6% were exposed to both unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Forty seven percent of those who practiced oral sex and 29% of those who practiced anal sex did not consider their acts as sexual intercourse. Conclusions: University students are high risk groups that need more focused research and concerted health care. The term ‘sexual intercourse’ should be consciously defined for its future use in Ethiopia. Furthermore, Service providers and researchers should address all types of sexual practices

Gender assessment for women’s economic empowerment in Doyogena climate-smart landscape in Southern Ethiopia

Agricultural production systems in Ethiopia depend on seasonal rains, which are increasingly becoming variable, affecting the livelihoods of many farmers. Women in rural areas are more vulnerable to climate change and climaterelated risks due to existing social norms and gender inequalities (limited ownership and control over productive assets/resources, decision-making power, access to information, extension services, market etc.) and multidimensional social factors. These gender inequalities affect the ability of women to adapt to climate change. On the other hand, women have unique knowledge and skills that can help create effective and sustainable responses to climate change (Habtezion 2013)