Fiscal decentralisation and gender responsive budgeting in South Africa: An appraisal.

Fiscal decentralisation ; Gender ; South Africa

Collective flow in event-by-event partonic transport plus hydrodynamics hybrid approach

Complete evolution of the strongly interacting matter formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is studied within a coupled Boltzmann and relativistic viscous hydrodynamics approach. For the initial nonequilibrium evolution phase, we employ the AMPT model that explicitly includes event-by-event fluctuations in the number and positions of the participating nucleons as well as of the produced partons with subsequent parton transport. The ensuing near-equilibrium evolution of quark-gluon and hadronic matter is modeled within the (2+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics. We probe the role of parton dynamics in generating and maintaining the spatial anisotropy in the preequilibrium phase. Substantial eccentricities epsilon_n are found to be generated in the event-by-event fluctuations in parton production from initial nucleon-nucleon collisions. For ultracentral heavy-ion collisions, the model is able to explain qualitatively the unexpected hierarchy of the harmonic flow coefficients v_n(p_T)(n=2-6) observed at LHC. We find that the results for v_n(p_T) are rather insensitive to the variation (within a range) of the time of switchover from AMPT parton transport to hydrodynamic evolution. The usual Grad and the recently proposed Chapman-Enskog-like (nonequilibrium) single-particle distribution functions are found to give very similar results for v_n(n=2-4). The model describes well both the RHIC and LHC data for v_n(p_T) at various centralities, with a constant shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of 0.08 and 0.12, respectively. The event-by-event distributions of v_{2,3} are in good agreement with the LHC data for midcentral collisions. The linear response relation v_n = k_n epsilon_n is found to be true for n=2,3, except at large values of epsilon_n, where a larger value of k_n is required, suggesting a small admixture of positive nonlinear response even for n=2,3.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, v2: Same as the published version. Title change

Macro-Economic Variables and Stock Market Performance: Empirical Evidence from Colombo Stock Exchange

Stock market performance is considered as a significant indicator of financial and economic circumstances of a country. In a nutshell, a secured and regulated financial environment is being provided by the stock market where shares can be transacted at lower operational risk. The stock market also functions as a platform through savings, and investments of individuals are channelized into productive investment proposals. It allows capital formation and economic growth for the nation. The ultimate objective of this study is to examine the impact of macroeconomic variables on stock market performance. The macroeconomic variables (independent variables) used in this research study are Inflation, Interest Rate, and GDP. Stock market performance (All-Share Price Index) is the dependent variable. 120 Monthly observations from January 2009 to December 2018 had been taken for the study. The Augmented Dickey Fuller’s unit root test, Ordinary Least Squares Regression and Correlation analysis were applied to the variables. The results of correlation analysis indicated that inflation and Stock market performance are positively associated meanwhile interest rate, and GDP and Stock market performance are negatively correlated. The Ordinary Least Square results showed that nearly 75% of the variation in all share price index is explained by the three macroeconomic variables, GDP, TB and WPI. The study suggested some of the possible reasons for the positive impact of Inflation on the Colombo Stock market performance, and negative impact of Interest Rate on Stock market performance and recommended that efforts should be made to improve the Stock market performance.DOI: http://doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v05i02.0

New relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics from kinetic theory

Starting with the relativistic Boltzmann equation where the collision term is generalized to include nonlocal effects via gradients of the phase-space distribution function, and using Grad's 14-moment approximation for the distribution function, we derive equations for the relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics. We compare them with the corresponding equations obtained in the standard Israel-Stewart and related approaches. Our method generates all the second-order terms that are allowed by symmetry, some of which have been missed by the traditional approaches based on the 14-moment approximation, and the coefficients of other terms are altered. The first-order or Navier-Stokes equations too get modified. Significance of these findings is demonstrated in the framework of one-dimensional scaling expansion of the matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, version to appear in PL

Synthesis of thiazole, benzothiazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, triazole and thiazolidinone incorporated coumarins

3-Bromoacetylcoumarin-(2)obtained by brominationof 3-acetylcoumarin (1)was condensed with2-amin0-4-phenylthiazole,2-aminothiazole,2-aminobenzothiazole, 2- amino-4-phenyloxadiazole, 2-aminothiadiazole, 3-aminotriazole to form the corresponding heteroaryl aminoacetylcoumarins (3a-f).The reaction of 2 withthiourea furnished 2-amino-4-(coumarinyl-3) thiazole (4) which further reacted with phenyli$othiocyanate forming the unsymmetrical thiourea (5). The thiourea on cyclocondensation withchloroacetic acid gave the thiazolidinone (6)which on further reaction with differen~aromaUcaldehydes resulted inthe formationofthe corresponding arylidene compounds (7). The structures of the products were confirmed from their analytical and spectraldata

Design and Modeling of Tool Trajectory in C0 Continuity Concept by Importing the IGES Neutral File

A common task in geometric modeling is to interpolate a sequence of points or derivatives, sampled from a curve, with a parametric polynomial or spline curve. To do this the first step is to choose parameter values corresponding to the interpolation points. In a parametric environment, user can completely define a geometric feature with some parameters. This paper has an aim to generate a smooth tool trajectory spline for machining a workpiece. With the spline technique MATLAB program has been proposed for simulation of cutter contact points in the trajectory. The author has gone through C0 continuity concept and at last the simulated result has been shown by MATLAB program in its output. Keywords: Spline, Approximation technique, C++, IGES, MATLA