Prediction of popcorn hybrid and composite means

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the combining ability of 10 popcorn populations in a circulantdiallel; to test the viability of superior hybrids; and to identify genetic composites for intrapopulation breeding. In fourcontrasting environments, 30 treatments were evaluated for grain yield (GY), plant height (PLH) and popping expansion(PE), in a random block design with four replications. Results indicated that the evaluation of treatments in a larger groupof environments favors the expression of variability in genotypes. The additive effects for PE and the dominance effects forGY and PLH were highest. GY and PE of the combinations UNB2U-C1 x Angela and Braskalb x Angela were outstanding.The predicted mean PE and GY were highest for hybrid UNB2U-C1 x Angela and the composite formed by these parents(26.54 mL g-1 and 1,446.09 kg ha-1 respectively)

Dialeto parcial para avaliar a capacidade combinatória de características de importância econômica do mamoeiro

The dependence of Brazil on imported improved papaya seeds was the main motivation for this research that primarily intended to evaluate the combining ability of eight genotypes from the 'Solo' group, crossed with eight genotypes from the 'Formosa' group following a partial diallel scheme. The traits mean fruit weight, brix degree and flavor revealed prevalence of additive effects in both genetic groups, while plant height was preponderantly additive only for the 'Solo' genotypes. On the other hand, the yield trait expressed additive superiority for the 'Formosa' genotypes. For intrapopulation breeding for higher yield, the indicated genotypes are 'Maradol' and 'Cariflora' from the 'Formosa' group as well 'Sunrise Solo 783' and 'Sunrise Solo TJ' from the 'Solo' group; but, when the objective is to breed for better fruit quality, the genotypes 'JS 12' and 'JS 11' ('Formosa' group), and 'Sunrise Solo72/12' and 'Baixinho de Santa Amália' ('Solo' group) are indicated. Based on the set of evaluated traits, the best hybrid combinations were 'Sunrise Solo 72/12 × JS 12', 'Sunrise Solo TJ × JS 12', 'Baixinho de Santa Amália × JS 12', 'Sunrise Solo TJ X JS 11' and 'Sunrise Solo 72/12 × Costa Rica'.A dependência do Brasil por sementes melhoradas de mamoeiro foi a principal motivação para a implementação deste trabalho que fundamentalmente objetivou avaliar a capacidade combinatória de oito genitores do grupo 'Solo' em cruzamento dialélico parcial com oito genótipos do grupo 'Formosa'. As características peso médio dos frutos, teor de graus brix e degustação de sabor revelaram prevalência de efeitos aditivos em ambos os grupos, ao passo que altura de planta foi preponderantemente aditiva somente para os materiais do grupo 'Solo'. Por outro lado, a produtividade expressou superioridade aditiva apenas para o grupo 'Formosa'. Para o melhoramento intrapopulacional visando maiores produtividades, são indicados os genitores 'Maradol' e 'Cariflora', do grupo 'Formosa', e 'Sunrise Solo 783' e 'Sunrise Solo TJ', do grupo 'Solo'; por sua vez, quando se visam melhorias para a qualidade do fruto, merecem destaque os genitores 'JS 12' e 'JS 11', do grupo 'Formosa', e 'Sunrise Solo 72/12' e 'Baixinho de Santa Amália', do grupo 'Solo'. Os híbridos 'Sunrise Solo 72/12 × JS 12', 'Sunrise Solo TJ × JS 12', 'Baixinho de Santa Amália × JS 12', 'Sunrise Solo TJ × JS 11' e 'Sunrise Solo 72/12 × Costa Rica' foram superiores para o conjunto de características avaliadas

Combining ability in popcorn by circulant diallel

O objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar informações sobre a capacidade combinatória de dez genitores de milho-pipoca, em cruzamentos no esquema de dialelo circulante em dois ambientes, para futura utilização em programa de melhoramento. Os híbridos, genitores e testemunhas foram avaliados quanto à altura de plantas (AP), produção de grãos (PG) e capacidade de expansão (CE), em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A análise conjunta do dialelo revelou reduzido comportamento diferencial dos genótipos, com predominância dos efeitos aditivos apenas para CE. Os genitores UNB2U-C1, BRS Angela, UNB2U-C2 e Viçosa-UFV foram os indicados para melhoramento intrapopulacional, ao passo que os híbridos de interesse para seleção interpopulacional foram PR-Ervália x BRS Angela e UNB2U-C1 x BRS Angela.The objective of this work was to obtain combining ability information about ten genitors of popcorn, in a circulant diallel crossing in two environments, for using in future breeding programs. The hybrids, genitors and controls were evaluated for plant height (PH), grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The joint analysis of circulant diallel showed reduced differences on the performance of the genotypes. The additive effects were more important than non-additive effects only for the CE. Genitors UNB2U-C1, BRS Angela, UNB2U-C2 and Viçosa-UFV were indicated for the intrapopulation breeding, while superior hybrids for the interpopulation breeding were PR-Ervália x BRS Angela and UNB2U-C1 x BRS Angela

Genótipos de milho e safras nas taxas de haploides putativos com expressão do gene R1-navajo

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influences of the factors corn (Zea mays) genotypes, crop seasons, endosperm texture, genetic background, and genetic basis on putative haploid rates (PHRs) according to the expression of gene R1-navajo (R1-nj). Forty-one corn genotypes were evaluated as pollen receptors, in crosses with the Krasnodar haploid inducer, in two crops (summer and winter), in the municipality of Maringá, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with ten replicates (ears). The response variable analyzed was the PHR, determined by the proportion of putative haploids, obtained through the R1-nj marker, in relation to the number of diploid seeds in each ear. Subsequently, generalized linear models were used to choose the one best fit to explain the PHR in function of the tested factors. Crop seasons, genotypes, and the crop seasons x genotypes interaction affected significantly the PHR, showing the dependence of these factors on the expression of the phenotypic marker based on anthocyanin pigmentation and determined by gene R1-nj. The number of clusters formed by the genotypes was different in each crop season. Ten genotypes showed higher rates in summer than in winter. Endosperm texture, genetic basis, and genetic background did not affect the PHR.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as influências dos fatores genótipos de milho (Zea mays), safras agrícolas, texturas dos endospermas, fundo genético e bases genéticas nas taxas de haploides putativos (THPs), conforme a expressão do gene R1-navajo (R1-nj). Foram avaliados 41 genótipos de milho como receptores de pólen, em cruzamentos com o indutor “Krasnodar haploid inducer”, em duas safras (verão e inverno), no município de Maringá, no estado do Paraná, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com dez repetições (espigas). A variável resposta analisada foi a THP determinada pela proporção de haploides putativos, obtidos com base no marcador R1-nj, em relação ao número de sementes diploides por espiga. Posteriormente, foram utilizados modelos lineares generalizados para escolher o mais adequado para explicar a THP em função dos fatores testados. As safras, os genótipos e a interação safras x genótipos afetaram significativamente a THP, o que evidencia a dependência destes fatores na expressão do marcador fenotípico baseado na pigmentação por antocianina e determinado pelo gene dominante R1-nj. O número de agrupamentos formados pelos genótipos foram diferentes em cada safra. Dez genótipos apresentaram taxas maiores no verão do que no inverno. As texturas dos endospermas, as bases genéticas e o fundo genético não interferiram na THP

Performance of popcorn maize populations in South American Avatí Pichingá using diallel analysis

Abstract The Avatí Pichingá population contains genes for resistance to the fungal species that cause ear rot. This study aimed to develop populations of interest. For this purpose, the diallel analysis was carried out and combining ability associated with of grain yield (GY), popping expansion (PE), plant height (PH), ear height (EH) and days to silking (FF) were assessed from seven South American varieties of the maize race Avatí Pichingá. Performance for those populations was evaluated in a completely randomized block designs at four locations in Paraguay and one location in Brazil. The statistical approach was based on the individual and joint analysis of variance and diallel analysis (Gardner and Eberhart's and Griffing's methods). The results showed that varieties and heterosis effects were significant for all the studied traits. Highly significant differences were also detected for the interactions between heterosis and locations for all traits, in contrast to variety and location that were significant for GY only. Differences were significant for average, variety, and specific heterosis with 68% of variation from the varieties and 32% from the total heterosis for GY. Differences among locations, varieties, heterotic effects, interaction between variety and locations were highly significant for PE, PH, EH, and FF. However, specific heterosis was significant for PE only. Estimates of combining ability and heterosis showed that ´PAZM 2065` and ´PAZM 0131` are superior varieties for GY, and ´PAZM 7130` for PE, ´PAZM 6070` for PH and EH, and ´PAZM 7139` for early flowering, respectively

Quantification of the diversity among common bean accessions using Ward-MLM strategy

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergência de acessos de feijoeiro-comum por suas características agronômicas, morfológicas e moleculares, com base no procedimento Ward-MLM. Uma coleção de 57 acessos do banco de germoplasma da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo foi utilizada neste estudo, dos quais: 31 acessos locais, pertencentes à comunidade Fortaleza, no Município de Muqui, ES; 20 acessos fornecidos pela Embrapa Trigo; e 6 cultivares comerciais. Foram avaliados cinco caracteres agronômicos (ciclo da planta, número de sementes por vagem, número de vagens por planta, peso de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos), cinco caracteres morfológicos (hábito de crescimento, porte da planta, formato da semente, cor da semente e grupo comercial) e 16 iniciadores microssatélites. Detectou-se ampla variabilidade genética pelos dados morfológicos, agronômicos e moleculares nos 57 acessos de feijão. O procedimento Ward-MLM mostrou que cinco foi o número ideal de grupos, de acordo com os critérios do pseudo F e pseudo t2 . Os acessos de origem andina tiveram sementes mais pesadas do que os outros e ficaram em um mesmo grupo. O procedimento Ward-MLM é uma técnica útil para detectar divergência genética e agrupar genótipos pelo uso simultâneo de descritores morfológicos, agronômicos e moleculares.The present work aimed at evaluating the divergence among common bean accessions by their agronomic, morphological and molecular traits, based on the Ward-MLM procedure. A collection of 57 accessions from the gene bank of Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo was used in this study, from which: 31 were landraces belonging to the community Fortaleza, in the municipality of Muqui, ES, Brazil; 20 accessions were provided by Embrapa Trigo; and 6 were commercial cultivars. Five agronomic traits (plant cycle, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and grain yield), five morphological traits (growth habit, plant size, seed shape, seed color, and commercial group) and 16 microsatellite primers were evaluated. High genetic variability was detected considering morphological, agronomic and molecular traits in the 57 common bean accessions studied. The Ward-MLM procedure showed that the ideal number of groups was five, according to the pseudo F and pseudo t2 criteria. The accessions from Andean origin had heavier seeds than others and formed a cluster. The Ward-MLM statistical procedure is a useful technique to detect genetic divergence and to cluster genotypes by simultaneously using morphological, agronomic and molecular data