Pengaruh Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) terhadap Kadar Creatine Kinase (CK) dan Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) pada Proses Pemulihan Setelah Latihan Interval Intensitas Tinggi

Penelitian mengenai Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) telah diketahui memberikan hasil positif pada penyakit inflamasi, perbaikan jaringan, dan penanganan nyeri. Namun penggunaan LLLT pada bidang kedokteran olahraga masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh LLLT terhadap kadar creatine kinase (CK) dan lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) sebagai biomarker kerusakan otot setelah latihan interval intensitas tinggi.Penelitian eksperimental kuasi dengan rancangan single-blind, randomized, placebo controlled dilakukan dengan 20 orang subjek laki-laki sehat yang tidak terlatih. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yakni kelompok dengan LLLT aktif dan kelompok kontrol plasebo. Setiap kelompok akan melakukan latihan interval intensitas tinggi mneggunakan sepeda statis dengan intensitas kayuh 50%-80% HR maksimal selama 30 menit. Segera setelah latihan fisik kelompok perlakuan akan diberikan LLLT (810nm, 5mW, 40 Joule) menggunakan probe multi diode pada 4 titik untuk masing-masing tungkai bawah, sedangkan kelompok kontrol menerima plasebo. Terdapat perbedaan kadar CK yang signifikan antara kelompok LLLT (105,50 ± 47,12) dan kelompok kontrol (182,91 ± 49,77) (p<0,05). Hasil pengukuran kadar LDH juga menunjukan hasil yang signifikan dengan rerata kelompok LLLT 144,37 ± 15,96 dan kelompok kontrol 183,88 ± 30,19 (p<0,05)

THE IMPACT OF COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY ON HEART FUNCTION; A STUDY ON ABNORMALITIES IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY PATTERNS

Objective: Cobalamin deficiency may cause a lack of dietary methyl donors, which alter the heart metabolism. Cobalamin deficiency is common in patients with malnutrition, gastric ulcers, diabetes mellitus, and alcoholism. Most studies on cobalamin deficiency are focused on its relationship with oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Therefore, this study aims to find the correlation between cardiomyocyte’s energy metabolism in cobalamin deficiency and the risk of heart abnormalities through analysis of electrocardiography (ECG) patterns. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 24-28 w) were divided into 2 groups: the control group and cobalamin-deficient group. The control group was given standard diet while the treatment group received a modified diet, type AIN-93M (deficient in cobalamin), for a period of 16 w. ECG was performed in both groups on the last day of the 16-week period. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was also performed to evaluate plasma Hcy and B12 levels in each group at the end of the treatment period. Results: At the end of the 16-week period, higher Hcy level and lower plasma B12 level were observed in the treatment group when compared to the control group. ECG patterns showed sinus rhythms in both groups, with a higher QRS amplitude and duration in the treatment group. Two of the seven rats in the treatment group developed cardiac arrhythmia. Conclusions: Cobalamin deficiency impairs the heart’s energy metabolism with left ventricular enlargement and arrhythmia

Penyuluhan Risiko Penyakit Ginjal Kronis pada Pasien Hipertensi Prolanis Putewa Jakarta Timur

ABSTRAK Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis yang masih menjadi beban kesehatan global maupun nasional. Sebagian besar penderita hipertensi masih rendah angka kepatuhan minum obatnya. Hal ini menyebabkan hipertensi menjadi kronis dan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit gagal ginjal kronis. Sebagian besar penderita hipertensi masih belum mengetahui bahwa hipertensi tidak terkontrol dalam jangka waktu lama dapat menyebabkan terjadinya gagal ginjal yang mengharuskan seseorang untuk melakukan hemodialisa rutin. Beban kesehatan dan ekonomi nasional dapat dikurangi apabila prevalesni hipertensi dan gagal ginjal dapat diturunkan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien hipertensi mengenai perjalanan penyakit dan komplikasi hipertensi sehingga menimbulkan motivasi untuk minum obat secara teratur dan rutin kontrol ke dokter. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien hipertensi mengenai risiko penyakit ginjal kronis. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan kesehatan yang dilanjutkan dengan diskusi, pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan pemberian obat darah tinggi gratis untuk satu bulan. Hasil yang didapatkan dari kegiatan ini adalah rerata pasien hipertensi memiliki tekanan darah yang belum terkontrol, ditandai dari rerata sistole adalah 141.06 ± 20.25 mmHg dan rerata diastole adalah 87.72 ± 9.63 mmHg. Sebelum penyuluhan sebagian besar peserta belum mengetahui bahwa penyakit ginjal kronis meripakan komplikasi hipertensi. Setelah penyuluhan semua peserta telah memahami komplikasi hipertensi dan berkomitmen untuk minum obat secara teratur. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah bahwa penyuluhan kesehatan yang tepat dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan motivasi pasien hipertensi untuk minum obat secara teratur dan rutin kontrol ke dokter.Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, Penyakit Ginjal Kronis, LansiaABSTRACTHypertension is a chronic disease that is still a global and national health burden. Most people with hypertension lack adherence to taking their medication. This phenomenon causes hypertension to become a chronic stage and increases the risk of chronic kidney failure. Most people with hypertension do not know that long-term uncontrolled hypertension can lead to kidney failure and requires routine hemodialysis. The national health and economic burden can be reduced if the prevalence of hypertension and kidney failure can be reduced. The efforts that can be made are to increase the patient's knowledge about complications of hypertension so that it increases self-motivation to adhere to the rules of medication regularly and have regular check-ups with the doctor. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of hypertensive patients about the risk of chronic kidney disease. The method we used is health education followed by discussion, blood pressure examination, and provide free hypertensive medication for one month. The results obtained from this activity are the average hypertensive patient has uncontrolled blood pressure, as indicated by the mean systolic is 141.06 ± 20.25 mmHg and the average diastolic is 87.72 ± 9.63 mmHg. Before counseling, most of the participants did not know that chronic kidney disease is a complication of hypertension. After counseling, all participants understood the complications of hypertension and were committed to taking the medication regularly. The conclusion is proper health counseling can increase the knowledge and motivation of hypertensive patients to take medication regularly and have regular check-ups with the doctor. Keywords: Hypertension, Chronic Kidney Disease, Elderl

Effect of Brain Gym ® exercises on cognitive function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasma level in elderly: a randomized controlled trial

Background Cognitive impairment and dementia are some of the major health concerns in the aging population. Many studies showed positive effects of physical exercise in delaying or preventing these conditions. Brain Gym ® exercises is a structured aerobic exercise involving head, eyes and crossing movements of the extremities in order to stimulate both brain hemispheres. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Brain Gym ® exercises sessions on cognitive function and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the elderly. Methods A non-blinded randomized controlled study involving 64 healthy women aged >60 years who were randomized into Brain Gym ® exercises treatment group (n=32) and control group (n=32). Treatment group joined 60 minutes of brain gym exercises sessions twice a week for 12 weeks. The measured outcomes were cognitive function (assessed by mini-mental state examination [MMSE] questionnaire) and plasma BDNF levels. The outcomes were measured at base-line and after the intervention. An independent t-test was used to analyze the data. Results The BDNF levels were increased in both groups after 12 weeks, and there was a significant difference between treatment group (41.26 ± 6,82 ng/mL) and control group (37.10 ± 8.11 ng/mL)(p=0.040). However, the MMSE score was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.200). Conclusion Brain Gym ® exercises sessions significantly increase plasma BDNF level in the elderly population. In practical terms, we may suggest evaluation of the effects of Brain Gym ® exercises as a strategy in the treatment of disorders associated with central degenerative changes

Pelatihan Senam Otak dan Pengukuran Tingkat Konsentrasi pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Grup Prolanis Putewa Jakarta Timur

Pada Masa Pandemi covid-19 seperti saat sekarang, hampir sebagian besar kegiatan fisik dihentikan termasuk kegiatan rutin senam para peserta prolanis (Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis) Diabetes melitus (DM), padahal kita tahu bahwa olahraga sangat efektif untuk mencegah atau sebagai terapi rehabilitatif penyakit kronis seperti diabetes melitus. Senam otak efektif untuk meperbaiki kognitif, mencegah depresi dan komplikasi yang dapat terjadi pada penderita diabetes melitus seperti demensia atau pikun. Oleh karena hal tersebut dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, kami bermaksud memberikan solusi yaitu melakukan kegiatan pelatihan senam otak daring dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi zoom. Senam ini sangat penting dan bermanfaat sebagai usaha pencegahan komplikasi otak pada penderita DM. Selain pelatihan senam otak, kami melakukan pengambilan data tingkat konsentrasi peserta dengan menggunakan intrumen tes Army Alpha. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam dua waktu berbeda, yaitu senam otak yang dilakukan secara daring, setelah itu pekan selanjutnya, pengambilan data tingkat konsentrasi dan pelayanan berupa pemberian obat. Terdapat 51 perserta yang hadir mengikuti pelatihan senam otak, 30 peserta yang bersedia melakukan tes konsentrasi dan 60 peserta yang mengambil obat. Hasil tes konsentrasi didapatkan usia dewasa (&lt;60 thn) lebih berkonsentrasi dibandingkan dengan lansia (≥60thn). Pendidikan tinggi lebih berkonsentrasi dibandingkan dengan pendidikan rendah

Effect of Roselle Flower Extract (<i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Linn.) on Reducing Steatosis and Steatohepatitis in Vitamin B12 Deficiency Rat Model

Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) can occur as a result of micronutrient deficiencies. Hibiscus sabdarifa, a plant used in traditional medicine, contains ingredients that can help prevent this process. This study looked at the potency of Hibiscus sabdariffa Ethanol Extract (HSE) to prevent homocysteine-induced liver damage in animals that were deficient in vitamin B12. Materials and Methods: A comparative study of the effects of roselle extract is presented in an experimental design. Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into six groups using randomization. To demonstrate the absence of liver damage in the experimental animals under normal conditions, a control group was fed a normal diet without HSE. For the induction of liver damage in the experimental animals, the vitamin B12-restricted group was administered a vitamin B12-restricted diet. To test the effect of HSE on liver damage, the treatment group was given HSE along with a vitamin B12-restricted diet. Each group was given two treatment periods of eight and sixteen weeks. These results were compared with the results of the parameter examination between the vitamin B12 restriction group, with and without HSE, using an ANOVA statistic. The data were analyzed with licensed SPSS 20.0 software. Results: HSE significantly increased the blood levels of vitamin B12 while lowering homocysteine levels. The administration of HSE reduced liver damage based on the activity of liver function enzymes in the plasma due to a limitation of vitamin B12. HSE decreased Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-1c (SREBP1c) and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFkB) protein expressions in the liver tissue, but did not decrease Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) protein expression. Significantly, the levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-a) and IL-6 in the liver tissue were lower, while the levels of IL-10 and Nuclear factor-erythroid-2 Related Factor 2 (NRF2) were higher with HSE administration. HSE produced a better histopathological profile of the Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)–Masson tricrome for inflammation, fat and fibrosis in the liver. Conclusions: In this study, HSE was found to slow the development of liver damage in experimental animals that were given a vitamin B12-deficient diet

Reported Benefits of Insulin Therapy for Better Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients–-Is this Applicable in Saudi Patients?

Aim To compare the effect of different treatment regimens (oral hypoglycemic agents [OHGs], insulin therapy, and combination of both) on glycemic control and other cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Saudi. Subjects and Methods Patients with T2DM, but no serious diabetic complications, were randomly recruited from the diabetes clinics at two large hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during June 2013 to July 2014. Only those without change in treatment modality for the last 18 months were included. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were measured. Treatment plan was recorded from the patients' files. Fasting blood sample was obtained to measure glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile. Results A total of 197 patients were recruited; 41.1% were men and 58.9% were women. The mean (±SD) age was 58.5 ± 10.5 years. Most patients (60.7%) were on OHGs, 11.5% on insulin therapy, and 27.7% were using a combination of insulin and OHGs. The mean HbA1c was lower in patients using OHGs only, compared with means in those using insulin, or combined therapy in patients with disease duration of #10 years ( P = 0.001) and also in those with a longer duration of the disease ( P < 0.001). A lower mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure was found among patients on insulin alone ( P < 0.01). No significant differences were found in lipid profiles among the groups. Conclusion Insulin therapy, without adequate diabetes education, fails to control hyperglycemia adequately in Saudi T2DM patients. There is a challenge to find out reasons for poor control and the ways as to how to improve glycemic control in T2DM