The effect of oral dextrometorphan and placebo on the postoperative pain severity of adenotonsillectomy

زمینه و هدف: از مسائل مورد تعقیب در علم پزشکی نوین تسکین درد بعد از اعمال جراحی می باشد. درمان دارویی درد حاد پس از جراحی از طریق یکسری رژیم های دارویی از جمله اپیوئیدها و داروهای ضد التهابی غیر استروئیدی (NSAID) انجام می گیرد. عوارض جانبی این داروها باعث شده تا محققین به فکر جانشینی برای آنها باشند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی مقایسه اثر دکسترومتورفان خوراکی با در مقایسه پلاسبو بر شدت درد بعد از عمل جراحی آدنوتانسیلکتومی در بیماران 12-3 ساله بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی 160 کودک 12-3 سال کاندید عمل جراحی آدنوتانسیلکتومی به صورت در دسترس انتخاب و بصورت تصادفی به چهار گروه مساوی 40 نفره تقسیم شدند. 2 ساعت قبل از عمل به بیماران گروه اول و دوم، mg/Kg 5/0 شربت دکسترومتورفان خوراکی و به گروه های سوم و چهارم پلاسبو داده شد. پس از عمل جراحی و بعد از انتقال بیمار به بخش تا 24 ساعت بعد از عمل به گروه های اول و سوم mg/Kg5/0 دکسترومتورفان و به گروه های دوم و چهارم پلاسبو داده شد. شــــدت درد هر 6 ساعت بر اساس جدول Oucher، ارزیابی شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری کای دو و آنالیز واریانس مشاهدات تکرار شده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. یافته ها: در تمام گروه ها، بیشترین شدت درد در بدو ورود به بخش و کمترین شدت درد در 24 ساعت بعد از عمل بود. شدت درد در همه گروه ها با سن رابطه معکوس داشت (05/0

Sam Shepard and the “Familial Maze”: possible worlds theory in Buried Child

The present paper attempts to address Sam Shepard’s treatment of American family in Buried Child focusing on 'world construction.' In order to explore the process of world creation in the play, the writers draw on the works of Marie-Laure Ryan, a key theorist in 'possible worlds theory,' one of the orientations in cognitive poetics. Considering Shepard's highlighting of the bonds among the family members figuring in his plays, the interactions of characters with Textual Actual World (henceforth TAW) are of paramount importance and contribute to what Ryan calls 'tellability.' Central to our analysis is the consideration of the characters’ private worlds’ interactions and their intrafamilial and extrafamilial conflicts. Shepard is also centrally concerned with American (popular) culture and its underlying myths, hence the prominence of the theme of American Dream in his oeuvre. As such, the projection of the characters’ wish worlds is central in Shepard's play. Considering these “wish worlds” in terms of possible worlds-theory could be rewarding. Many of these wish worlds, it is argued, hinge on the notion of American family whose consideration by Shepard stems from his interest in the questions of origins, identity, selfhood, and autonomy

Memorization and Optimization in Deep Neural Networks with Minimum Over-parameterization

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) has emerged as a powerful tool to provide memorization, optimization and generalization guarantees in deep neural networks. A line of work has studied the NTK spectrum for two-layer and deep networks with at least a layer with $\Omega(N)$ neurons, $N$ being the number of training samples. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence suggesting that deep networks with sub-linear layer widths are powerful memorizers and optimizers, as long as the number of parameters exceeds the number of samples. Thus, a natural open question is whether the NTK is well conditioned in such a challenging sub-linear setup. In this paper, we answer this question in the affirmative. Our key technical contribution is a lower bound on the smallest NTK eigenvalue for deep networks with the minimum possible over-parameterization: the number of parameters is roughly $\Omega(N)$ and, hence, the number of neurons is as little as $\Omega(\sqrt{N})$. To showcase the applicability of our NTK bounds, we provide two results concerning memorization capacity and optimization guarantees for gradient descent training.Comment: Fixed a bug in the proofs of Appendix D Removed third assumption on the activation functio

"FROM THE I TO THE WE": DESIRE AND BECOMING IN CARSON MCCULLERS’ THE MEMBER OF THE WEDDING

Carson McCullers’ The Member of the Wedding depicts the anxieties and issues of a tomboy approaching her adulthood and her difficulty making proper connection with her peers. Due to her seemingly peculiar behavior and ambivalence regarding issues of gender, Frankie is mostly left out from peer gatherings, which leaves her with more tensions. However, through her abnormal demeanor in terms of identity and gender, we see that she is dealing with high levels of desire. Drawing on the philosophical concepts of Gilles Deleuze regarding subjectivity, gender, and desire, this article argues that through her positive desire, Frankie becomes a nomad who sets foot on new horizons of experience, and her hopes for the upcoming wedding is an example of such longing for experience. It is also argued that while she is highly under the influence of affects, instead of striving for becoming a member of the wedding, Frankie yearns for novel encounters in order to become the wedding itself, and finally become reconciled to the world in its entirety

The association of diet and anthropometric indices with high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), among depressed and healthy female nurses.

زمینه و هدف: افسردگی با افزایش سطوح سرمی پروتئین واکنشگر فاز حاد (CRP) و به دنبال آن التهاب سیستمیک ارتباط دارد. التهاب، مکانیسم احتمالی اثر رژیم غذایی بر پیشرفت بیماری‌های مزمن است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی ارتباط بین دریافت غذایی و شاخص‌های تن سنجی با سطوح سرمی پروتئین واکنشگر فاز حاد با حساسیت بالا (hs-CRP) در پرستاران سالم و افسرده‌ی بیمارستان‎های شهر اهواز بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعۀ توصیفی-تحلیلی 98 پرستار زن (45 نفر افسرده و 53 نفر سالم) به صورت تصادفی از 6 بیمارستان اصلی وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز در سال 1389-1388 انتخاب شدند. بسامد دریافت غذایی، اندازه‌های تن سنجی و سطوح hs-CRP سرم اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج با آمار توصیفی، آزمون های آماری ANOVA و مدل رگرسیون خطی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: بین دو گروه سالم و افسرده از نظر میانگین hs-CRP اختلاف معنی داری مشاهده نشد. در افراد افسرده، نمایه توده بدن، وزن، درصد چربی و نسبت چربی به وزن بدن ارتباط مثبت معنی‌داری با hs-CRP سرم داشت (05/0P). در گروه افسرده، افرادی که از نظر سطوح hs-CRP سرم در چارک چهارم قرار داشتند نسبت به چارک دوم، دریافت ویتامین‌های B12، A و E بیشتری داشتند (05/0P). نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که در افراد افسرده، اندازه‌های تن سنجی بالاتر و دریافت ویتامین‌های B12، A و E بیشتر از رژیم غذایی، با افزایش پاسخ‌های فاز حاد ارتباط دارد

The Carnivalesque in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter

This study sets to examine the applicability of Bakhtin's theory of the carnivalesque to Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter. The canonical novel of the American literature published in the middle of the nineteenth century portrays the genesis of the American Puritan culture, while the polyphonic nature of the novel, it is argued, exposes the rifts of and the grotesqueness of this culture

An analysis of underlying factors for implementing privatization in Iranian sport

The purpose of this research was to analyze the underlying factors of privatization implementation in Iran's sport, which was developed by developmental approach. Statistical population of this research was consisted of all managers and experts involved in sports privatization in the country. Regarding that this is a qualitative research, a total of 20 people were selected using the snowball purposeful sampling technique as a statistical sample. The data collection tool was interview. Interviews continued until the theoretical saturation stage was fulfilled. The data obtained from interviews were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results of the research identified 41 concepts and 5 categories including factors related to financial market, management factors, media factors, cultural factors and legal factors that provide the platform for implementation of privatization in the sport of the country. According to the results of this research, privatization in Iran's sport has been affected by various conditions, it is suggested that sport authorities are encouraged to provide a condition in which people can be trained in order to gain specialty to enter in various areas such as advertising private sector and proper culture creation in press and TV and paying attention to philosophy of sport and culture creation among the people

2,2′-Azanediyl­diethanaminium pyridine-2,5-dicarboxyl­ate

The crystal structure of the title compound, C4H15N3 2+·C7H3NO4 2−, consists of diethyl­enetriaminium (2,2′-azanediyl­diethanaminium) cations and pyridine-2,5-dicarboxyl­ate anions, which are linked by N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. C—H⋯π inter­actions are also observed. In the anion, the carboxyl­ate groups are oriented at dihedral angles of 11.04 (15) and 6.31 (14)° with respect to the pyridine ring

Unnatural Temporalities and Projected Places in Sam Shepard’s Cowboys #2

Sam Shepard’s Cowboys #2 (1967) belongs to his first period of play writing. In this phase, his works exhibit experimental, remote, impossible narrative/fictional worlds that are overwhelmingly abstract, exhibiting “abrupt shifts of focus and tone” (Wetzsteon 1984, 4). Shepard’s unusual theatrical literary cartography is commensurate with his depiction of unnatural temporalities, in that, although the stage is bare, with almost no props, the postmodernist/metatheatrical conflated timelines and projected (impossible) places in the characters’ imagination mutually reflect and inflect each other. Employing Jan Alber’s reading strategies in his theorization of unnatural narratology and Barbara Piatti’s concept of projected places, this essay proposes a synthetic approach so as to naturalize the unnatural narratives and storyworlds in Shepard’s play