Validation of a Novel Fluorescent Lateral Flow Assay for Rapid Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD Binding Antibody Units (BAU) from Plasma or Fingerstick Whole-Blood of COVID-19 Vaccinees

Background: Limited commercial LFA assays are available to provide a reliable quantitative measurement of the total binding antibody units (BAU/mL) against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-RBD). Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the fluorescence LFA FinecareTM 2019-nCoV S-RBD test along with its reader (Model No.: FS-113) against the following reference methods: (i) the FDA-approved GenScript surrogate virus-neutralizing assay (sVNT); and (ii) three highly performing automated immunoassays: BioMérieux VIDAS®3, Ortho VITROS®, and Mindray CL-900i®. Methods: Plasma from 488 vaccinees was tested by all aforementioned assays. Fingerstick whole-blood samples from 156 vaccinees were also tested by FinecareTM. Results and conclusions: FinecareTM showed 100% specificity, as none of the pre-pandemic samples tested positive. Equivalent FinecareTM results were observed among the samples taken from fingerstick or plasma (Pearson correlation r = 0.9, p < 0.0001), suggesting that fingerstick samples are sufficient to quantitate the S-RBD BAU/mL. A moderate correlation was observed between FinecareTM and sVNT (r = 0.5, p < 0.0001), indicating that FinecareTM can be used for rapid prediction of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) post-vaccination. FinecareTM BAU results showed strong correlation with VIDAS®3 (r = 0.6, p < 0.0001) and moderate correlation with VITROS® (r = 0.5, p < 0.0001) and CL-900i® (r = 0.4, p < 0.0001), suggesting that FinecareTM can be used as a surrogate for the advanced automated assays to measure S-RBD BAU/mL.This work was made possible by grant number UREP28-173-3-057 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors

RHINORRHEE ET MENINGITE PAR BRECHE OSTEO MENINGEE POST TRAUMATIQUE : A PROPOS D’UN CAS AU CHU SYLVANUS OLYMPIO DE LOME

Objectif : décrire les aspects diagnostiques et rappeler les grandes lignes thérapeutiques de la méningite post traumatique par brèche ostéoméningée en milieu précaire. Observation : Les auteurs rapportent le cas d’un patient de 30 ans chez qui l’exploration d’une rhinorrhée évoluant dans un état d’altération de l’état général et de crises convulsives tonico cloniques fébriles a conduit au diagnostic d’une méningite aigue bactérienne par brèche ostéoméningée un an après le traumatisme. Le patient a bénéficié d’un traitement médical avec une guérison sans séquelles. Vu les limites qu’impose notre plateau technique, La fermeture de sa brèche reste le problème thérapeutique que pose ce patient. Conclusion : la méningite post traumatique par brèche ostéoméningée est rare. Le premier pas vers le diagnostic est la surveillance des traumatisés crânio faciaux. La prise en charge reste multidisciplinaire

The Algerian democratic experiment and the Soviet position, 1988-1992 التجربة الديمقراطية الجزائرية والموقف السوفيتي منها 1988-1992

The nature of the political events in 1985 led to profound changes in the perception of the general reality of these countries, which seemed to revive a new test imposed by historical determinism and took solutions to it, and I went to philosophy to find a new idea and perspective, after the arrival of Gorbachev pyramid Power in the Soviet Union. The political changes witnessed by the Soviet Union in 1985-91 contributed to the liberation of Eastern Europe and the consolidation of the presidency of the United States of America to the world. The Soviet changes also undermined the authority of the political regimes in its orbit and motivated researchers and interested in the Soviet affairs to study them and investigate their causes, , Which lies in the seriousness of its repercussions on many countries of the world and the Arab region. The issue of foresight is necessary to deal with the problems of the Algerian democratic experiment within the principle of the absence of outside support. The Algerian question has occupied an important space of discussions regarding it, the international position, especially the Soviet position and foreign interventions. The first section deals with the variables of political action and the establishment of democracy in Algeria, while the second axis dealt with the Algerian elections and the attempts to apply democracy, and the third axis: the absence of the Soviet Union in the position

Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Findings In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214337 [58%] were transport related) and 31.1 million DALYs (of which 16.2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10-24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34.4% (from 17.5 to 11.5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47.7% (from 15.9 to 8.3 per 100000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80.5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39.4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010-19, the rate per 100 000 of transport injury DALYs was reduced by 16.7%, from 838 in 2010 to 699 in 2019. This was a substantially slower pace of reduction compared with the 48.5% reduction between 1990 and 2010, from 1626 per 100 000 in 1990 to 838 per 100 000 in 2010. Between 2010 and 2019, the rate of unintentional injury DALYs per 100 000 also remained largely unchanged in high-SDI countries (555 in 2010 vs 554 in 2019; 0.2% reduction). The number and rate of adolescent deaths and DALYs owing to environmental heat and cold exposure increased for the high-SDI quintile during 2010-19. Interpretation As other causes of mortality are addressed, inadequate progress in reducing transport and unintentional injury mortality as a proportion of adolescent deaths becomes apparent. The relative shift in the burden of injury from high-SDI countries to low and low-middle-SDI countries necessitates focused action, including global donor, government, and industry investment in injury prevention. The persisting burden of DALYs related to transport and unintentional injuries indicates a need to prioritise innovative measures for the primary prevention of adolescent injury