CFD Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with Segmental Baffles

Numerical investigation has been done for single pass shell and tube heat exchanger with segmental baffles.Heat transfer and flow pattern are numerically studied by varying number of baffles.Standard k-e model is used for solving the above problem.Numerical simulation has been done for three different cases of baffle spacing with square bundle of tubes.Numerical solutions are obtained by solving 3D continuity,momentum,energy and turbulence(k-e) equations using commercial solver CFD.To analyse the phenomenon,number of baffles is taken as varying parameter; other parameters like velocity,temperature,pressure and baffle cut are kept constant.Results obtained from numerical solution are analysed extensively to get the effect of number of baffles on heat transfer rate and pressure drop on shell side

Problems in Enforcing ICJas Decisions and the Security Council

Since the creation of United Nations the ICJ popularly known as the World Court has brought and boosted a positive spirit in international law by infusing the basic ideologies and fundamental principles courtesy its various pronouncements which are slowly transforming in the customary rules of international law ICJ since its inception albeit by adhering to some limitations has done wonders to instill faith of States in international law However ICJ is affected by a serious problem for the enforcement of its judgment besides the compulsory jurisdiction issues The Security Council the enforcement wing of the UN is the catalyst body to express and execute the will and desires of some States This paper shall scrutinize the unique relationship that both of these organs of the UN shares It also highlights the problems and prospects relating to the implementation of ICJ s decisions and the crucial role sometimes even overlapping of the Security Counci

Facile synthesis of mesoporous N doped zirconium titanium mixed oxide nanomaterial with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light

The present paper deals with a hydrazine mediated synthesis of high surface area and thermally stable N-doped zirconium titanium mixed oxide with enhanced photocatalytic activity towards reduction of selenium (VI) to metallic Se0 under visible light. Materials were synthesized at pH ¼ 2 by varying the hydrazine concentration and characterized by XRD, TEM, BET method, XPS, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis solid state spectra. Presence of low amount of zirconium oxide (10 wt%) helps in phase stabilization and maintains the porous structure even at higher calcinations temperature in comparison to that of pure titania. XPS spectrum justifies the presence of nitrogen and Ti3+ in the material due to the decomposition reaction of hydrazine. Hydrazine controls the nitrogen content, surface area and the formation of oxygen vacancy in the material. Investigation of metal oxide to hydrazine ratio on the overall surface properties and photocatalytic activity indicates that the 1 : 6 ratio is the optimum composition for the best result. Surface area and pore volume increases to 298 m2/g and 0.323 cm3/g. The obtained material (TiZr-6N-400) is found to reduce selenium (VI) to selenium (0) under visible light within only 45 min of reaction. Increased photocatalytic activity under visible light is mostly due to the synergistic effect of substantial nitrogen doping, high surface area and presence of oxygen vacancy

Photocatalytic Removal of Copper and Selenium from Waste water under Visible Light

Zirconia and silica mixed titanium oxides were synthe-sized by modified sol-gel method in presence of a surf-actant (CETAB). Materials were characterized by surface area, XRD, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Materials are found to be in uniform size and mostly spherical when synthesized in presence of CETAB. Effect of sum factant concentration on the particle size, shape and the catalytic activity is also evaluated. Calcination temp-erature plays an important role on the phase stability and catalytic activity of the materials. It is well observed that without any hole scavenger the efficiency of photocatalytic metal removal is quite low for both the metal ions within 30minuites of reaction. However, addition of hole scavenger increases the activity many folds and hence complete removal of Se and Cu was possible in 30 minutes of reaction. Among all the organic hole scavengers used, sodium formate is found to be the most active one for selenium whereas for copper EDTA is the most suitable one. Reaction pH also plays important role in the efficiency of the metal removal. Above all synth-esized materials are found to be efficient catalyst for visible light reaction. The same catalyst is found to be reusable at least for 5-6 times with 4-5% decrease in the activity

Kaons and antikaons in strong magnetic fields

The in-medium masses of the kaons and antikaons in strongly magnetized asymmetric nuclear matter are studied using a chiral SU(3) model. The medium modifications of the masses of these open strange pseudoscalar mesons arise due to their interactions with the nucleons and scalar mesons within the model. The proton, the charged nucleon, has effects from the Landau energy levels in the presence of the magnetic field. The anomalous magnetic moments (AMM) of the nucleons are taken into consideration in the present study and these are seen to be large at high magnetic fields and high densities. The isospin effects are appreciable at high densities. The density effects are observed to be the dominant medium effects, as compared to the effects from magnetic field and isospin asymmetry. ~Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, version to be published in Eur. Phys. Jour. A. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1712.0799

Dentofacial and Cranial Changes in Down Syndrome

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of certain oral characteristics usually associated with Down syndrome and to determine the oral health status of these patients.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending a special education program at Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India. The study design consisted of closed-ended questions on demographic characteristics (age, sex, and education and income of parents), dietary habits, and oral hygiene habits. Clinical examination included assessment of oral hygiene according to Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), dental caries according to decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, periodontal status according to the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), and malocclusion according to Angles classification of malocclusion. Examinations were carried out using a using a CPI probe and a mouth mirror in accordance with World Health Organization criteria and methods. Craniometric measurements, including maximum head length and head breadth were measured for each participant using Martin spreading calipers centered on standard anthropological methods.ResultsThe majority of the patients were males (n = 63; 82%) with age ranging from 6–40 years. The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score of the patients indicated that 31% had moderate mental disability and 52% had mild mental disability. 22% exhibited hearing and speech problems.12% had missing teeth and 15% had retained deciduous teeth in adult population. The overall prevalence of dental caries in the study population was 78%. DMFT, CPITN and OHI scores of the study group were 3.8 ± 2.52, 2.10 ± 1.14 and 1.92 ± 0.63 respectively. The vast majority of patients required treatment (90%), primarily of scaling, root planing, and oral hygiene education. 16% of patients reported CPITN scores of 4 (deep pockets) requiring complex periodontal care. The prevalence of malocclusion was 97% predominantly of Class III malocclusions. Further 14% presented with fractured anterior teeth primarily central incisor. The percentage means of cephalic index was 84.6% in the study population. The brachycephalic and hyperbrachycephalic type of head shape was dominant in the Down syndrome individuals (90%).ConclusionThe most common dentofacial anomaly seen in these individuals was fissured tongue followed by macroglossia

Using LSTM for the Prediction of Disruption in ADITYA Tokamak

Major disruptions in tokamak pose a serious threat to the vessel and its surrounding pieces of equipment. The ability of the systems to detect any behavior that can lead to disruption can help in alerting the system beforehand and prevent its harmful effects. Many machine learning techniques have already been in use at large tokamaks like JET and ASDEX, but are not suitable for ADITYA, which is comparatively small. Through this work, we discuss a new real-time approach to predict the time of disruption in ADITYA tokamak and validate the results on an experimental dataset. The system uses selected diagnostics from the tokamak and after some pre-processing steps, sends them to a time-sequence Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. The model can make the predictions 12 ms in advance at less computation cost that is quick enough to be deployed in real-time applications.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure