Kontorarbeideres estetiske evalueringer av ombruksfasader: Et miljøpsykologisk perspektiv

I byggebransjen er det et bruk og kast-forhold til byggematerialer, og fremtidens bygningsmasse er allerede nådd. Økt bruk av ombruksmaterialer og en bærekraftig, sirkulær utvikling i byggebransjen, er essensielt for å bremse klimaendringene. I tråd med dette bør de miljøpsykologiske faktorene bak valg av ombruksmaterialer undersøkes nærmere. Blant annet er det funnet at hvordan ombruk av byggematerialer fremstår for kundene kan ha betydning for om det tør å satses på ombruksmaterialer i byggebransjen. Denne studien undersøker estetiske evalueringer av ombruksfasader og nybyggfasader ved bygg blant slike kunder. Hensikten er å se om informasjon om type fasademateriale påvirker evalueringen. Det ble gjort to spørreundersøkelser av norske kontorarbeidere, uten spesielle forkunnskaper om ombruk eller byggenæringen. Disse kan representere kunder av aktører i byggebransjen. I den ene undersøkelsen ble det informert om bildene var av ombruksmaterialer eller nye, mens det i den andre ikke ble informert om materialene. Resultatene fra statistisk analyse viste at kontorarbeidere som ble informert om fasadetype vurderte ombruksfasadene som mer vennlig, spennende, uvanlig og engasjerende enn de som ikke ble informert. Det var ikke kjønnsforskjeller innad i de to gruppene. Studien viser hvordan byggebransjen kan oppgi anvendelse av ombruksmaterialer for å fremme økt bruk av slike materialer.In the construction industry, there is a use-and-throw relationship with building materials, and the building stock of the future has already been reached. Increased use of recycled materials and a sustainable, circular development in the construction industry are essential to slowing down climate change. In line with this, the psychological factors behind the choice of recycled materials should be examined in more detail. Among other things, it has been found that how the reuse of building materials appears to the customers can have an impact on whether it dares to invest in reused materials in the construction industry. This study examines aesthetic evaluations of re-use facades and new-build facades in buildings among such customers. The purpose is to see whether information about the type of facade material affects the evaluation. Two surveys were conducted of Norwegian office workers, without special prior knowledge of conversion or the construction industry. These can represent customers of players in the construction industry. In one survey, information was provided as to whether the images were of recycled or new materials, while in the other, no information was given about the materials. The results from statistical analysis showed that office workers who were informed about the facade type rated the re-use facades as more friendly, exciting, unusual and engaging than those who were not informed. There were no gender differences within the two groups. The study shows how the construction industry can state the use of recycled materials to promote increased use of such materials

Health literacy and related behaviour among pregnant women with obesity : a qualitative interpretive description study

Background: Obesity in pregnant women is increasing worldwide, affecting the health of both mother and baby. Obesity may be associated with inadequate health literacy, a central competence when navigating antenatal health information and services. This study explores women’s health literacy by examining their knowledge, motivation and skills to access, understand and evaluate health information and the related behaviour among a sample of pregnant women with a prepregnant body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2. Methods: An inductive, qualitative study using an interpretive description methodology. Data was collected through ten semi-structured interviews with pregnant women with a prepregnancy BMI > 25 kg/m2 attending antenatal care at the midwifery clinic at Aarhus University Hospital in the Central Denmark Region. Results: Pregnant women with obesity understand general health information provided by health professionals, but translating this knowledge into specific healthy behaviours presents a challenge. Although difficulties navigating booking systems and available digital services contribute to this problem, apps can help facilitate navigation. However, successful navigation may depend on adequate e-health literacy. Conflicting information from health professionals, social media and families also present a challenge for pregnant women, requiring a broad skillset for critical evaluation and resolution. Conclusions: Adequate health literacy is necessary for pregnant women receiving antenatal care to (i) translate general health information into personalised healthy behaviour, (ii) access and navigate complex and digitalised systems, and (iii) critically evaluate conflicting information. Person-centred differentiation in the organisation of antenatal care may benefit vulnerable pregnant women with inadequate health literacy

Automatically applying a credibility appraisal tool to track vaccination-related communications shared on social media

Background: Tools used to appraise the credibility of health information are time-consuming to apply and require context-specific expertise, limiting their use for quickly identifying and mitigating the spread of misinformation as it emerges. Our aim was to estimate the proportion of vaccination-related posts on Twitter are likely to be misinformation, and how unevenly exposure to misinformation was distributed among Twitter users. Methods: Sampling from 144,878 vaccination-related web pages shared on Twitter between January 2017 and March 2018, we used a seven-point checklist adapted from two validated tools to appraise the credibility of a small subset of 474. These were used to train several classifiers (random forest, support vector machines, and a recurrent neural network with transfer learning), using the text from a web page to predict whether the information satisfies each of the seven criteria. Results: Applying the best performing classifier to the 144,878 web pages, we found that 14.4\% of relevant posts to text-based communications were linked to webpages of low credibility and made up 9.2\% of all potential vaccination-related exposures. However, the 100 most popular links to misinformation were potentially seen by between 2 million and 80 million Twitter users, and for a substantial sub-population of Twitter users engaging with vaccination-related information, links to misinformation appear to dominate the vaccination-related information to which they were exposed. Conclusions: We proposed a new method for automatically appraising the credibility of webpages based on a combination of validated checklist tools. The results suggest that an automatic credibility appraisal tool can be used to find populations at higher risk of exposure to misinformation or applied proactively to add friction to the sharing of low credibility vaccination information.Comment: 8 Pages, 5 Figure

Effect of Shear Flow on the Stability of Domains in Two Dimensional Phase-Separating Binary Fluids

We perform a linear stability analysis of extended domains in phase-separating fluids of equal viscosity, in two dimensions. Using the coupled Cahn-Hilliard and Stokes equations, we derive analytically the stability eigenvalues for long wavelength fluctuations. In the quiescent state we find an unstable varicose mode which corresponds to an instability towards coarsening. This mode is stabilized when an external shear flow is imposed on the fluid. The effect of the shear is seen to be qualitatively similar to that found in experiments.Comment: 13 pages, RevTeX, 8 eps figures included. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Cdk1 inactivation terminates mitotic checkpoint surveillance and stabilizes kinetochore attachments in anaphase

Two mechanisms safeguard the bipolar attachment of chromosomes in mitosis. A correction mechanism destabilizes erroneous attachments that do not generate tension across sister kinetochores [1]. In response to unattached kinetochores, the mitotic checkpoint delays anaphase onset by inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/CCdc20) [2]. Upon satisfaction of both pathways, the APC/CCdc20 elicits the degradation of securin and cyclin B [3]. This liberates separase triggering sister chromatid disjunction and inactivates cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) causing mitotic exit. How eukaryotic cells avoid the engagement of attachment monitoring mechanisms when sister chromatids split and tension is lost at anaphase is poorly understood [4]. Here we show that Cdk1 inactivation disables mitotic checkpoint surveillance at anaphase onset in human cells. Preventing cyclin B1 proteolysis at the time of sister chromatid disjunction destabilizes kinetochore-microtubule attachments and triggers the engagement of the mitotic checkpoint. As a consequence, mitotic checkpoint proteins accumulate at anaphase kinetochores, the APC/CCdc20 is inhibited, and securin reaccumulates. Conversely, acute pharmacological inhibition of Cdk1 abrogates the engagement and maintenance of the mitotic checkpoint upon microtubule depolymerization. We propose that the simultaneous destruction of securin and cyclin B elicited by the APC/CCdc20 couples chromosome segregation to the dissolution of attachment monitoring mechanisms during mitotic exit

Diffusing Political Concerns: How Unemployment Information passed between social Ties Influence Danish Voters

While social pressure is widely believed to influence voters, evidence that informa-tion passed between social ties affects beliefs, policy preferences, and voting behav-ior is limited. We investigate whether information about unemployment shocks dif-fuses through networks of strong and mostly weak social ties and influences voters in Denmark. We link surveys with population-level administrative data that logs un-employment shocks afflicting respondents’ familial, vocational, and educational net-works. Our results show that the share of second-degree social ties—individuals that voters learn about indirectly—that became unemployed within the last year increases a voter’s perception of national unemployment, self-assessed risk of becoming unem-ployed, support for unemployment insurance, and voting for left-wing political parties. Voters’ beliefs about national aggregates respond to all shocks equally, whereas sub-jective perceptions and preferences respond primarily to unemployment shocks afflict-ing second-degree ties in similar vocations. This suggests that information diffusion through social ties principally affects political preferences via egotropic—rather than sociotropic—motives