La gestion locale‑internationale de l'enjeu hydraulique à Kanel : appropriation forcée et stratégies d'acteurs

L'article analyse la façon dont les populations d'un village de la vallée du Sénégal, par le biais d'un comité de gestion, essayent de prendre en charge le service de l'eau à partir d'un moyen moderne d'adduction d'eau ; le forage. On constate que le retrait de l'Etat sénégalais ouvre la voie à une appropriation forcée de l'enjeu hydraulique. Cependant, la gestion locale de cet enjeu est aussi loin de garantir efficacement les principe d'équité ou de continuité du service. Les comités village..

Everyday vulnerabilities and ''social dispositions'' in the Malian Sahel, an indication for evaluating future adaptability to water crises?

International audienceSince the 1970s, precipitation in the Sahel has decreased and become very irregular, leading to widespread drought, whilst the human need for water has rapidly increased. A new ''dispositions''-based approach was adapted in order to analyse human interactions with environmental hazards and applied to the case of Hombori village in northeastern Mali. This article explores how the population and political stakeholders perceive, live with and respond to the increasing scarcity of water. It also explores how their current vulnerability and ability to cope with variations in available water resources indicate future adaptability to climate shocks. On the one hand, this research shows how the population copes with variations in water resource availability: the population's socio-spatial organisation explains the inhabitants' exposure to this problem and some of the factors affecting vulnerability, the elderly and women being the hardest hit. The water issue is generally managed on a ''day-to-day'' basis and considered a big problem only in the dry season, thus lowering any incentive for self-protection. The main two variables that could explain this kind of risk management are the conflicting local governance and current social rules. On the other hand, the discussion of results, based on a conceptual model of social responses, explains why these current ''social dispositions'' to cope with and even address the water scarcity issue do not guarantee future adaptability to climate change

Réformes des services d'eau en milieu rural africain : enjeux et limites du montage institutionnel de gestion. Une étude de cas au Sénégal

The delegation of management of the service of water in rural areas is characterized by a contractual relation between an authority principal and an administrator delegated for the delivery of the service. As the State sets up an action plan to generalize this model, this paper shows that all the editing works, after all, on a difficulty integrating a realistic grammar of the institutional relations : hope that the socio-technical system, organized around the financial "soutenability", is viable without taking into account the weakness of institutions in the Senegalese context.drinking water, public policy, reform, governance, institutional deficiencies

Des pompes et des hommes

International audienc

L'étonnante diversité des ressources en eau à Hombori

International audienc

La mise en œuvre de la gestion décentralisée des ressources naturelles renouvelables au Mali. Une gouvernance bloquée ?

International audienc

Crises climatiques, ruptures politiques et transformations de l’action publique environnementale au Mali

This paper analyzes the environmental policy process in Mali, in the context of the successive and severe drought since the seventies. Certainly, those climatic hazards have put on policy’s agenda the interdependences between natural resources degradation and social-economical dynamics (PNAE- PAN/CID, 1998). They also have permitted a best consciousness on environmental problem’s complexity. But, only they don’t explain all the changes which can be observed in the nineties in this field. We show that the political breacking-point in 1991 (democracy access, multipartismes, decentralization) opened a propitious policy-window (Kingdon, 1984) for developing a structured (legal actions and institutional frame) and concerted environmental policy in the country

L'étonnante diversité des ressources en eau à Hombori. Entre contrastes environnementaux, pratiques locales et technologies extérieures

This paper proposes to highlight the diversity of water resources in a sahelian community with the help of social and environmental indicators. This diversity is based on the coexistence of endogenous resources and exogenous resources. All of these resources are essential to satisfy population needs all year round. Nevertheless, manual pumps impose management methods which disrupt local organization rules for access to water and can lead users to give up these resources. Finally, we demonstrate that beyond any technological determinism, modern/exogenous resources are not likely to replace all of the others.Water resources, diversity, endogenous/exogenous, embedment

Crises climatiques, ruptures politiques et transformations de l’action publique environnementale au Mali

This paper analyzes the environmental policy process in Mali, in the context of the successive and severe drought since the seventies. Certainly, those climatic hazards have put on policy’s agenda the interdependences between natural resources degradation and social-economical dynamics (PNAE- PAN/CID, 1998). They also have permitted a best consciousness on environmental problem’s complexity. But, only they don’t explain all the changes which can be observed in the nineties in this field. We show that the political breacking-point in 1991 (democracy access, multipartismes, decentralization) opened a propitious policy-window (Kingdon, 1984) for developing a structured (legal actions and institutional frame) and concerted environmental policy in the country

Décentralisation et développement local (le cas de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal)

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