Efeito da fibra do polissacarídeo de soja no peso e na umidade das fezes de ratos em fase de crescimento The effect of soy polysaccharide fiber on fecal weight and humidity in growing rats

OBJETIVO: Comparar, em ratos, o efeito do polissacarídeo de soja em relação a celulose e fórmula de soja sem fibra alimentar sobre o peso e a umidade fecal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 12 ratos Wistar machos, com 21 dias de vida, distribuídos em três grupos, que receberam ração AIN-93G variando-se a fonte de fibra alimentar: grupo polissacarídeo, com 5% de fibra na forma de polissacarídeo de soja; grupo fórmula de soja, com 5% de fórmula de soja sem fibra; e grupo celulose, com 5% de fibra na forma de celulose. As fezes foram coletadas em três períodos de 72 horas iniciados no 7º, 17º e 27º dia. As mesmas foram pesadas frescas e após secagem em estufa a 105 ºC até peso constante. A umidade foi calculada usando a fórmula [(peso fecal úmido - peso fecal seco)/peso fecal úmido] x 100. RESULTADOS: As somas do peso fecal úmido nos grupos polissacarídeo, fórmula de soja e celulose foram, respectivamente: 17,372&plusmn;4,743 g; 6,045&plusmn;0,619 g; 16,012&plusmn;2,600 g (p = 0,001), observando-se diferença estatisticamente significante dos grupos celulose e polissacarídeo em relação ao grupo fórmula de soja. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos celulose e polissacarídeo. Para o peso seco, na mesma ordem, observou-se: 6,463&plusmn;1,177 g; 2,909&plusmn;0,277 g; 10,068&plusmn;1,085 g (p < 0,001), com diferença estatisticamente significante entre todos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Os animais que receberam fórmula de soja apresentaram peso fecal úmido e seco inferior ao dos outros dois grupos, enquanto o polissacarídeo de soja determinou umidade fecal superior à da celulose, provavelmente por maior fermentação no cólon.<br>OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of soy polysaccharide on fecal weight and humidity in growing rats in relation to cellulose and a Soy formula without dietary fiber. METHODS: Twelve, 21-day-old, Wistar male rats, were distributed into three groups and fed AIN-93G ration with varying amounts of dietary fiber: Polysaccharide Group, 5% fiber in the form of soy polysaccharide; Soy Formula Group, 5% soy formula without fiber; and Cellulose Group, 5% fiber in cellulose form. Feces were collected for three 72-hour periods beginning on days 7, 17 and 27. They were weighed while humid and then dried at 105 ºC until a constant weight. The humidity was calculated using the formula [(humid fecal weight - dry fecal weight)/humid fecal weight] X 100. RESULTS: The total humid fecal weight for Polysaccharide, Soy Formula and Cellulose groups was: 17.372&plusmn;4.743 g; 6.045&plusmn;0.619 g; and 16.012&plusmn;2.600 g, (p = 0.001), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the Cellulose and Polysaccharide groups, but a statistically significant difference was observed between theses two groups and the soy formula group. Values for dry weight, in the same order, were: 6.463&plusmn;1.177 g; 2.909&plusmn;0.277 g; and 10.068&plusmn;1.085 g, (p < 0.001), with a statistically significant difference between each of the groups. CONCLUSION: Animals that received soy formula presented lower humid and dried fecal weight than the other two groups, while the soy polysaccharide caused higher fecal humidity than did cellulose, probably due to greater fermentation

Effects of soy beverage and soy-based formula on growth, weight, and fecal moisture: experimental study in rats

OBJECTIVE: To compare body growth, weight, and fecal moisture in recently weaned rats fed exclusively on infant soy formula and soy-based beverage. METHODS: Three similar groups were formed (n = 10/group) consisting of weanling Wistar rats, maintained in metabolic cages. One group was fed soy protein-based beverage, another with soy-based infant formula, and another with cow's milk infant formula (control group). Water and diet were offered ad libitum. Body weight and length were measured. Stool was collected for three consecutive days. RESULTS: Weight and length were lower (p = 0.001; p = 0.001) in the groups receiving soy protein-based beverage (73.16 &#177; 5.74 g; 23.94 &#177; 1.04 cm) and soy-based formula (71.11 &#177; 5.84 g; 24.74 &#177; 0.60 cm) in relation to the group receiving cow's milk formula (84.88 &#177; 9.75 g; 26.01 &#177; 0.91 cm). Fresh fecal weight was greater (p < 0.001) in the soy-based beverage (3.44 &#177; 0.48 g) than in the soy-based formula (0.79 &#177; 0.20 g) and cow's milk-based formula (0.42 &#177; 0.17 g). Fecal moisture was higher (p < 0.001) in the group receiving soy protein-based beverage (47.28 &#177; 9.02%) and soy-based formula (37.21 &#177; 13.20%) than in the group receiving cow's milk formula (22.71 &#177; 10.86%). CONCLUSION: The growth of rats fed soy protein-based beverage and soy-based formula was lower than those fed cow's milk-based formula. The soy protein-based beverage resulted in significant increase in fecal weight and moisture

Doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica em escolares obesos Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de alterações hepáticas ao ultra-som e de elevação da alanina aminotransferase (ALT) em crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade, além de relacionar a presença de alterações com peroxidação lipídica, perfil lipídico e resistência insulínica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, prospectivo e controlado de 67 crianças com sobrepeso/obesidade (38 do sexo feminino e média de idade de 8,6 anos), pareadas por sexo e idade com 65 eutróficas. A avaliação bioquímica consistiu de perfil lipídico (LDL-c, HDL-c e triglicerídeos); ALT; substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS); glicemia e insulina, utilizadas para o cálculo do Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). A esteatose hepática, avaliada por ultra-sonografia por um único examinador, foi classificada em difusa leve, moderada e grave. RESULTADOS: Elevação de ALT (>40U/L) foi encontrada em 3% e alterações ultra-sonográficas do fígado em 57,4% das crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade. O Grupo Sobrepeso/Obesidade apresentou maior percentual de ALT >18U/L (OR 4,2; p=0,0006) e de hipertrigliceridemia (OR 4,2; p<0,001), em relação ao controle. A ALT associou-se com aumento de triglicerídeos séricos (OR 3,2; p=0,010). Não houve associação entre os níveis de TBARS (estresse oxidativo) e do HOMA-IR com a presença de sobrepeso/obesidade, nem com ALT >18U/L. CONCLUSÕES: A freqüência de ALT >40U/L foi baixa e a de esteatose foi alta. As alterações ultra-sonográficas hepáticas não mostraram associação com o estado nutricional nem com os níveis de ALT. Por sua vez, triglicerídeos aumentados associaram-se com níveis mais elevados de ALT.<br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of altered hepatic ultrasound and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in overweight and obese children, as well as to relate them to lipid peroxidation, lipid profile and insulin resistance. METHODS: A prospective, controlled, cross-sectional study was performed with 67 overweight and obese children (38 female, mean age of 8,6 years) paired by gender and age with 65 eutrophic controls. The following parameters were evaluated: lipid profile (LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides), ALT, lipid peroxidation measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS), serum glucose and insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment). Hepatic steatosis was evaluated by ultrasound by a single professional and classified as diffuse mild, moderate or severe. RESULTS: Elevated ALT (>40 U/L) was observed in 3% and altered ultrasound in 57.4% of the overweight/obese children. Obese/overweight children showed a higher percentage of ALT >18 U/L (OR 4.2, p=0.0006) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR 4.2, p<0.001). ALT was associated with elevated triglycerides (OR 3,2; p=0,010). There was not association between TBARS (oxidative stress) or HOMA-IR with the presence of overweight/obesity or ALT >18 U/L. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of altered ALT (>40U/L) was low and of altered hepatic ultrasound was high. There was no association between fatty liver at ultrasound with nutritional status or ALT levels. Elevated triglycerides were associated with higher levels of ALT