Fucoidan protects against subacute diazinon-induced oxidative damage in cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues

International audienc

Protective effects of thymoquinone against acrylamide-induced liver, kidney and brain oxidative damage in rats

International audienceAcrylamide (AA), an industrial monomer, may cause multi-organ toxicity through induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. The antioxidant properties of thymoquinone (TQ), an active constituent of Nigella sativa, have been established before. Theaim of the current study was to assess the protective effects of TQ against AA-induced toxicity in rats. Forty-eight male Wistarrats were divided into six groups each of eight rats. The first group acted as a negative control and received normal saline. GroupsII and III were administered TQ orally at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg b.wt., respectively, for 21 days. The four group received AA(20 mg/kg b.wt.) for 14 days. The five and six groups were given TQ at either dose for 21 days, starting seven days before AAsupplementation (for 14 days). Acrylamide intoxication was associated with significant (p < 0.05) increases in serum levels ofliver injury biomarkers (alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, and alkaline phosphatase), renal function products (urea,creatinine), DNA oxidative damage biomarker (8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine), and pro-inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-1β,interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Moreover, AA intoxication was associated with increased lipid peroxidation andnitric oxide levels, while reduced glutathione concentration and activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, andcatalase in the liver, kidney, and brain. TQ administration normalized AA-induced changes in most serum parameters andenhanced the antioxidant capacity in the liver, kidney, and brain tissues in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the currentexperiment showed that TQ exerted protective and antioxidant activities against AA-induced toxicity in mice

Fucoidan Ameliorates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, DNA Damage, and Hepatorenal Injuries in Diabetic Rats Intoxicated with Aflatoxin B1

The current study was carried out to evaluate the ameliorative effect of fucoidan against aflatoxicosis-induced hepatorenal toxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sixty-four Wister albino male rats were randomly assigned into eight groups (8 rats each) that received normal saline, fucoidan (FUC) at 100 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks, streptozotocin (STZ) at 50 mg/kg/i.p. single dose, STZ plus FUC, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at 50 μg/kg/i.p. after one month of the beginning of the experiment for 2 weeks, AFB1 plus FUC, STZ plus AFB1, or STZ plus AFB1 and FUC. Injection of rats with STZ induced hyperglycemia. Rats with STZ-induced diabetes, with or without AFB1 intoxication, had significantly elevated activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, and levels of serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, these rats exhibited increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in the hepatic and renal tissues. In contrast, administration of FUC to diabetic rats, with or without AFB1 intoxication, ameliorated the altered serum parameters, reduced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammatory biomarkers, and enhanced the antioxidant defense system in the hepatic and renal tissues. These results indicated that FUC ameliorated diabetes and AFB1-induced hepatorenal injuries through alleviating oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation

Eimeria pavoaegyptica sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in faeces of Indian peacocks, Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758 (Galliformes: Phasianidae) from Egypt

Coprological examination of 15 Indian peacocks, Pavo cristatus, revealed the presence of a coccidium species of the genus Eimeria, which apparently represents a previously undescribed species. Sporulation is exogenous and fully developed oocysts of Eimeria pavoaegyptica sp. nov. are ellipsoidal, with a dimension of 15 (13-16) × 12 (10-12.9) μm and with a shape index of 1.25 (1-1.3). The sporulated oocysts have no micropyle but enclose one large rectangular-shaped polar granule and an oocyst residuum. The oocysts have a distinct two-layered wall, which is ~1.7 μm thick. The outer layer has a smooth texture; it fills ~¾ of the total thickness and appears bicolored. The sporocysts are boat-shaped, of about 10 (9-11) × 4 (4-4.7) μm; their average shape-index is 2.5 μm with a small pointed Stieda body and a smooth, thin single-layered wall. No substieda body is detected. The sporocysts contain numerous, nearly uniform granular residua. The sporozoites are banana-shaped, 6 × 3 μm and each has two different-sized refractile bodies