Sentinel lymph node in children with melanoma: case report

Objective: to present a case of a child who was subjected to sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous melanoma. Description: a 12 year-old child with Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome developed melanoma on the lumbar region. The excision biopsy revealed a melanoma with depth of 1.5 mm. The patient was submitted to amplification of the margins 2 cm in all directions and the sentinel node was also excised. The histopathological exam did not show residual disease. Sentinel on exam did not show metastases either under hematoxylin-eosin stain or immunohistochemistry (S-100 and HMB45). Therefore, RT-PCR for tyrosinase mRNA was positive. The patient has been followed for twelve months without evidence of recurrence. Comments: childhood melanoma is rare, corresponding to less than 1% of malignant tumors in children. Data point to a worldwide increase in its incidence. Melanoma occurs in melanocytic lesions in 70% and in the remaining 30% it occurs de novo. Melanoma is very aggressive, so the survival depends on an early diagnosis. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has selected patients to complete lymphadenectomy. Some authors have been using this technique in childhood melanoma.Objetivo: apresentar um caso de melanoma cutâneo na infância, submetido à biópsia de linfonodo sentinela. Descrição: criança de 12 anos de idade, portadora da síndrome do nevo displásico, desenvolveu melanoma em dorso. A biópsia excisional revelou melanoma (Breslow = 1,5 mm), sendo submetida a tratamento cirúrgico da lesão, com ampliação de margem de 2cm e biópsia de linfonodo sentinela. O exame anatomopatológico não mostrou doença residual. O exame do linfonodo sentinela não mostrou metástases ao exame histopatológico por hematoxilina eosina, nem à imunohistoquímica (S100 e HMB45). No entanto, a pesquisa de RNA mensageiro da tirosinase por RT-PCR se mostrou positiva. A paciente não mostrou sinais de metástase ou recidiva local nestes doze meses iniciais de seguimento. Comentários: o melanoma é raro em crianças, corresponde a menos de 1% dos tumores da infância. Inúmeros trabalhos mostram o aumento da incidência mundial do melanoma. Em cerca de 70%, se originam de nevos melanocíticos pré-existentes, e nos 30% restantes, eles surgem de novo. Dada a agressividade do melanoma, a sobrevida depende do diagnóstico precoce. A biópsia do linfonodo sentinela tem contribuído na decisão de se realizar ou não a linfadenectomia completa, e alguns autores já estão utilizando a mesma em crianças.Escola Paulista de Medicina Programa de Pós-graduação em Cirurgia PlásticaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de Cirurgia PlásticaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PatologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Programa de Pós-graduação em Cirurgia PlásticaEPM, Disciplina de Cirurgia PlásticaEPM, Escola Paulista de Medicina Depto. de PatologiaSciEL

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data