Phylogeny of Cyperaceae Based on DNA Sequence Data–a New rbcL Analysis

Since the Monocots II meeting in 1998, significant new data have been published that enhance our systematic knowledge of Cyperaceae. Phylogenetic studies in the family have also progressed steadily. For this study, a parsimony analysis was carried out using all rbcL sequences currently available for Cyperaceae, including data for two new genera. One of the four subfamilies (Caricoideae) and seven of the 14 tribes (Bisboeckelereae, Cariceae, Cryptangieae, Dulichieae, Eleocharideae, Sclerieae, Trilepideae) are monophyletic. Subfamily Mapanioideae and tribe Chrysitricheae are monophyletic if, as the evidence suggests, Hellmuthia is considered a member of Cypereae. Some other features of our analysis include: well-supported Trilepideae and Sclerieae–Bisboeckelereae clades; a possible close relationship between Cryptangieae and Schoeneae; polyphyletic tribes Schoeneae and Scirpeae; the occurrence of Cariceae within the Dulichieae–Scirpeae clade, and a strongly supported clade, representing Cyperus and allied genera in Cypereae, sister to a poorly supported Ficinia–Hellmuthia– Isolepis–Scirpoides clade. Such patterns are consistent with other studies based on DNA sequence data. One outcome may be that only two subfamilies, Mapanioideae and Cyperoideae, are recognized. Much further work is needed, with efforts carefully coordinated among researchers. The work should focus on obtaining morphological and molecular data for all genera in the family

Phylogeny of cyperaceae based on DNA sequence data: a new 'rbc'L analysis

Since the Monocots II meeting in 1998, significant new data have been published that enhance our systematic knowledge of Cyperaceae. Phylogenetic studies in the family have also progressed steadily. For this study, a parsimony analysis was carried out using all 'rbc'L sequences currently available for Cyperaceae, including data for two new genera. One of the four subfamilies ('Caricoideae') and seven of the 14 tribes (Bisboeckelereae, Cariceae, Cryptangieae, Dulichieae, Eleocharideae, Sclerieae, Trilepideae) are monophyletic. Subfamily Mapanioideae and tribe Chrysitricheae are monophyletic if, as the evidence suggests, 'Hellmuthia' is considered a member of Cypereae. Some other features of our analysis include: well-supported Trilepideae and Sclerieae–Bisboeckelereae clades; a possible close relationship between Cryptangieae and Schoeneae; polyphyletic tribes Schoeneae and Scirpeae; the occurrence of Cariceae within the Dulichieae–Scirpeae clade, and a strongly supported clade, representing 'Cyperus' and allied genera in Cypereae, sister to a poorly supported 'Ficinia'–'Hellmuthia'–'Isolepis–Scirpoides' clade. Such patterns are consistent with other studies based on DNA sequence data. One outcome may be that only two subfamilies, Mapanioideae and Cyperoideae, are recognized. Much further work is needed, with efforts carefully coordinated among researchers. The work should focus on obtaining morphological and molecular data for all genera in the family

IAPT chromosome data 33

Taxonomy: This study was supported by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Técnica (ANPCyT) grant no. PICT-2017-4203 and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and a postdoctoral fellowship from CONICET to AVR.Fil: Marhold, Karol. Slovak Academy of Sciences. Institute of Botany; Eslovaquia. Karlova Univerzita (cuni); República ChecaFil: Kucera, Jaromír. Slovak Academy of Sciences. Institute of Botany; EslovaquiaFil: Acuña, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Akopian, Janna A.. Armenian National Academy of Sciences; ArmeniaFil: de Almeida, Erton M.. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Brasil. Universidade Federal da Paraíba; BrasilFil: Alves, Marccus V.. Universidade Federal da Paraíba; BrasilFil: Amorim, Bruno. Museu da Amazônia; Brasil. Universidade do Estado do Amazona; BrasilFil: An'kova, Tatyana V.. Academia de Ciencias de Rusia; RusiaFil: Arora, Jaya. University of Delhi; IndiaFil: Aytaç, Zeki. Gazi Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Baez, Jesica Mariana. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Brasil. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cavalcanti, Taciana Barbosa. Parque Estação Biológica; BrasilFil: Calvente, Alice. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; BrasilFil: Catalan, Pilar. Tomsk State University; Rusia. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Chernyagina, Olga A.. Academia de Ciencias de Rusia; RusiaFil: Chernysheva, Olga A.. Academia de Ciencias de Rusia; RusiaFil: Cordeiro, Joel M. P.. Universidade Estadual da Paraiba; BrasilFil: Daviña, Julio Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Deanna, Rocío. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Delgado, Luis. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Dias Silva, Yhanndra K.. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Elliott, Tammy L.. University of Cape Town; Sudáfrica. University of Montreal; CanadáFil: Erst, Andrey S.. Tomsk State University; Rusia. Academia de Ciencias de Rusia; RusiaFil: Felix, Leonardo P.. Universidade Federal da Paraíba; BrasilFil: Forni Martins, Eliana R.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Gallego, Francisca. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Facco, Marlon Garlet. Universidade de Brasília; BrasilFil: Gianini Aquino, Analía Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Gomes de Andrade, Maria J.. Universidade do Estado da Bahia; BrasilFil: Rua, Gabriel Hugo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente. Cátedra de Botánica Agrícola; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Arbuscular mycorrhiza in species of Commelinidae (Liliopsida) in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil) Micorrizas arbusculares em espécies de Commelinidae (Liliopsida) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil)

Mycorrhiza are a mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and plant roots, the main benefit to the plant being increased nutrient uptake. The arbuscular is the most important kind of mycorrhiza for agriculture and it is widespread in occurrence and distribution in most ecosystems. The aim of this work was to study the mycorrhizal status of the species of Commelinidae that occur in the State of Pernambuco. Plant roots, collected in ten municipalities, were washed, cleared in KOH, stained with Trypan blue in lactoglycerol and observed under a light microscope in order to assess presence and identification of the mycorrhizal type. Percentage of root colonization was evaluated by the gridline intersect method. Forty specimens representing 30 species were observed. From these specimens, 70% were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In one family (Typhaceae), mycorrhizal structures were not observed, in two of them (Eriocaulaceae and Juncaceae) all specimens showed the association, and three families (Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae) presented specimens with or without AMF. In some of the roots, other fungi were observed together with the AMF. The results indicate that AMF are widely distributed among species of Commelinidae in Pernambuco, being probably important for their establishment in the areas visited.<br>Micorrizas são associações simbióticas mutualísticas formadas entre fungos e raízes de plantas, sendo o principal benefício para a planta o aumento do aporte de nutrientes. Agronomicamente, a micorriza arbuscular (MA) é o tipo mais importante de micorrizas e apresenta-se distribuído na maioria dos ecossistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a condição micorrízica de espécies de Commelinidae que ocorrem no Estado de Pernambuco. Raízes dessas plantas, coletadas em 10 municípios, foram lavadas, clareadas em KOH, coradas com azul de Tripano em lactoglicerol e observadas em microscópio para determinação da presença e identificação do tipo de micorriza formado. O percentual de colonização das raízes foi avaliado pelo método de interseção em placa quadriculada. Quarenta espécimens, representando 30 espécies, foram observados. Destes espécimens, 70% estavam colonizados por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA). Em uma das famílias (Typhaceae) não foi encontrada a associação; em duas (Eriocaulaceae e Juncaceae) todos os espécimens apresentaram-se micorrizados e três (Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae e Poaceae) mostraram espécimens com ou sem FMA. Em algumas raízes foram observados outros fungos, além dos micorrízicos. Os resultados indicam que FMA estão amplamente distribuídos entre as espécies de Commelinidae em Pernambuco, sendo provavelmente importantes para o estabelecimento das mesmas nas áreas de coleta

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora