Physiological changes in seeds and fruits of passion fruit at different stages of maturation and submitted to storage

O estádio de maturação dos frutos de maracujazeiro azedo tem fundamental importância na definição do ponto de colheita, que pode influenciar nos atributos de qualidade dos frutos. Além disso, o estádio de maturação também pode influenciar na qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da maturação do fruto na qualidade fisiológica de sementes e qualidade pós-colheita de frutos. O trabalho foi conduzido no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes e no Laboratório de Recursos Genéticos. Os frutos foram colhidos diretamente da planta em diferentes estádios de maturação do fruto e submetidos ao armazenamento pós- colheita, e as sementes extraídas, submetidas ao armazenamento. Foram avaliados atributos de qualidade dos frutos de maracujazeiro azedo. Já a qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada por meio de testes de vigor e atividade de enzimas do sistema antioxidante. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Pelos resultados obtidos, a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de maracujazeiro azedo aumentou com o avanço do estádio de maturação do fruto e sementes de frutos colhidos na coloração amarela apresentaram alto potencial fisiológico em todos os testes realizados. Em outro estudo, foi observado que pelos de testes de vigor, frutos colhidos na coloração amarela e submetidos ao armazenamento pós-colheita por 14 dias proporcionam sementes com maior qualidade fisiológica e com maior atividade de enzimas do sistema antioxidante. Quanto à qualidade do fruto, observou-se que o armazenamento pós-colheita foi benéfico, em especial para frutos colhidos na coloração amarela, os quais mostraram características desejáveis para o mercado de fruta fresca e agroindústria.Maturation stage of sour passion fruit is of fundamental importance in the definition of harvesting point which may influence the fruits quality attributes. In addition, the maturation stage may also influence seeds physiological quality. The aim objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of fruit maturation on seed physiological quality and post-harvest quality of fruits.The study was conducted in the Department of Phytotechnology of the Federal University of Viçosa in the Laboratory of Seed Analysis and in the Laboratory of Genetic Resources.Fruits were harvested directly from the plant at different stages of fruit maturation and submitted to post-harvest storageand the extracted seeds were submitted to storage. Quality attributes of sour passion fruit were evaluated. Seeds physiological quality was evaluated byvigor tests and enzyme activity of the antioxidant system. Results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability.Based on the results obtained, seeds physiological quality of sour passion fruit increased with maturation stage of the fruit and seeds of fruits harvested in yellow color presented high physiological potential in all tests performed. In another study was observed that by vigor tests fruits harvested in the yellow color and submitted to post-harvest storage for 14 days provide seeds with higher physiological quality and higher activity of enzyme antioxidant system.Regarding fruit quality it was observed that post- harvest storage was beneficial especially for fruits harvested in yellow color which showed desirable characteristics for fresh fruit and agroindustry market.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Clonagem por estaquia de ramos de Dovyalis hebecarpa e Dovyalis hebecarpa X D. Abissinica

Brazil is major producer of fruits and there is a niche market which is dominated by exotic fruit which has been widely accepted by consumers flavor aroma nutraceutical qualities as atractive. In this sense Dovyalis fits as a species with great potential to be among the exotic fruits sold in Brazil but larger studies concerning ways of obtaining seedlings are needed. Dovyalis (D. hebecarpa e Dovyalis hebecarpa x D. abissinica) belonging to the active ank of UNESP / FCAV / Jaboticabal - São Paulo were evaluated for the feasibility of cloning by cutting. +Herbaceous cuttings about 10 cm long with a pair of leaves at the apex had their bases immersed in alcoholic solution of butyric acid (IBA) at concentrations of 0; 1000; 3000 and 5000 mg L-1. Each experiment was replicated four times in distinct periods of the year: summer, autumn, winter and spring. The variables evaluated were: survival and rooting percentage besides average number and length of roots. The experimental design used was factorial randomized (DIC) in 2 x 4 x 4 (2 clones x 4 IBA concentrations x 4 seasons collect cuttings collection periods) with 4 replications and 10 cuttings per experimental parcel. No significant influence cuttings percentage reaching up to 100% in both clones. Regarding rooting, the collection periods during summer are the most suitable for the accomplishment of the cutting in both clones. For number and length of roots, no interaction was observed between all factors, only between clones and collection periods. Highest averages were reached in cuttings collected in autumn and winter for hybrid and for D. hebecarpa no statistical differences were observed between seasons. For the average root length both clones showed the best average with collection period during spring. We conclude that the propagation is possible for both clones and the summer season is most suitable for collecting material, without the ...O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de frutas e dentro deste mercado existe um nicho que é dominado pelas frutas exóticas, as quais vem sendo mais aceitas pelos consumidores por apresentarem aroma sabor e qualidades nutracêuticas como atrativo. Neste sentido a dovyalis se enquadra como uma espécie com grande potencial para estar entre as frutas exóticas comercializadas no Brasil, entretanto são necessários maiores estudos referente ás formas de obtenção de mudas. Clones de dovyalis (D. hebecarpa e Dovyalis hebecarpa x D. abissinica) pertencentes ao Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da UNESP/FCAV Campus de Jaboticabal - São Paulo, foram avaliados quanto à viabilidade da clonagem por estaquia. Estacas herbáceas com cerca de 10 cm de comprimento com um par de folhas no ápice tiveram suas bases imersas em solução alcoólica de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) nas concentrações de 0, 1000, 3000 e 5000 mgL-1. Cada experimento foi repetido quatro vezes em épocas distintas do ano: verão, outono, inverno e primavera. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de sobrevivência e de enraizamento além de número e comprimento médio de raízes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC) em fatorial 2 x 4 x 4 (2 clones x 4 Concentrações de AIB x 4 épocas de coleta das estacas) com 4 repetições e 10 estacas por parcela experimental. Não houve influência significativa para porcentagem de estacas sobreviventes alcançando máximo de 100% em ambos os clones. Quanto ao enraizamento, as épocas de coleta durante o verão são as mais indicadas para a realização da estaquia em ambos os clones. Para número e comprimento de raízes não se observou interação entre todos os fatores, apenas entre os clones e as épocas de coleta. As maiores médias foram alcançadas em estacas coletadas no outono e inverno para o híbrido e para o D. hebecarpa não se observou ..

Number of leaflets on rooting of lychee herbaceous cuttings

ABSTRACT: Lychee is one of the most popular exotic fruits in Brazil, and has both in natura and industrial potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the number of leaflets on lychee herbaceous cuttings treated with the indolebutyric acid (1000mg L-1). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 replications and 10 cuttings per experimental plot. Treatments consisted of cuttings with zero (0), one (1), two (2), three (3), and four (4) leaflets. After 180 days, the rooting and survival percentages and the number and length of roots were evaluated. The data were subjected to polynomial regression analysis. The increase in the number of leaflets was advantageus for all studied variables, with an increase in the survival, rooting of cuttings, and number and length of roots. The herbaceous cuttings of lychee tree are viable, provided that at least four leaflets remain in the herbaceous cutting

Osmoregulators in Hymenaea courbaril and Hymenaea stigonocarpa under water stress and rehydration

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different water deficiency and rehydration levels on the concentrations of osmoregulators in two plant species (Hymenaea courbaril and H. Stigonocarpa) in the Amazon. We adopted a 2 × 5 × 5 factorial system, referring to 2 species (H. courbaril and H. stigonocarpa) and 5 stages of hydration and rehydration. The five hydration and rehydration stages were established in: (1) Control treatment E0; (2) Plants with 13 days of stress after incubation—E13; (3) Plants with 26 days of stress E26; (4) The plants that were established after 26 days after incubation and rehydrated for two days (RD2); (5) rehydrated for two days (RD4). The plants that were established after 26 days after incubation and rehydrated for four days. The experiment totaled fifty young plants with five replicates. Biochemical measurements were performed at the beginning of the experiment (E0) at 13 (E13) and 26 (E26) days after the water stress, in which the plants were rehydrated, repeating the analyses after two (RD2) and four (RD4) days. Both species increased the sucrose concentration by 18%, with a decrease of 52% in starch content. The RD4 time presented the highest mean starch concentration (0.19 mmol g−1 of the residue for H. courbaril and 0.27 mmol g−1 of residue for H. stigonocarpa). Increased proline concentrations were recorded for controls until RD2 for both species. For glycine betaine, the highest increases in treatments E26 and RD2 were observed for the H. courbaril species. Our rehydration period was not sufficient for total recovery of pre-stress concentrations of all studied solutes