Numerical analysis of building envelope with movable phase change materials for heating applications

Latent heat storage materials have been tested by several researchers for decades to be used as passive heating and cooling systems in buildings but their implementation into building components is still stacked as is facing specific technical limitations related to difficulties to be charged both in heating and cooling periods. This paper presents a numerical analysis to evaluate the potential of a disruptive system, which is designed to solve the main drawbacks and to convert phase change materials (PCM) passive heating technology into a competitive solution for the building sector. The novel technology moves PCM layer with respect to the insulation layer inside the building component to maximize solar benefits in winter and be able to actively provide space heating. Design variables such as PCM melting point and control schemes were optimized. The results demonstrated that this technology is not only able to limit heat losses towards outdoors but it can provide space heating from stored solar energy when required. The promising numerical results endorse the possibility to build a future experimental prototype to quantify more in detail the benefits of this system.This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España (RTI2018-093849-B-C31). The authors at the University of Lleida would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2017 SGR 1537). GREA is certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. A.D.G. has received funding from Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 3688 11 of 12 the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 712949 (TECNIOspring PLUS) and from the Agency for Business Competitiveness of the Government of Catalonia

Paper Session III-C - History of the Space Based Laser (SBL) Concept Definition

The SBL system concept definition has gone through five phases. The Phase I study was from early 1982 to early 1984 , the Phase II study was from late 1984 to early 1986 , the Phase III study was from mid 1986 to early 1987 , the Phase IV concept study was from late 1987 to early 1989, and a Special Study was performed from mid 1989 to 1990. Phase I included using a single module deuterium fluoride laser. The missions in this phase included Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD), anti-aircraft , anti-satellite, as well as negating high value ground targets. This study also examined the Command, Communication, and Control (C ) . With the advent of the Strategic Defense Initiative, Phase II primarily concentrated on the boost and post boost portion of the BMD mission for the SBL. The hydrogen fluoride (HF) laser was chosen as the baseline with a single module vs phased array configuration as trades to be studied. Phase III switched its emphasis from a far term HF device to a nearer term HF laser. The contractors also defined and assessed growth options for the HF and other devices, such as the Free Electron Laser and the Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser, for increased performance. In Phase IV, the nearer term HF laser in a single module was chosen as the baseline for the SBL. The system was then optimized to perform the BMD mission against a formalized threat identified by SDI. The Special Study emphasized the survivability concerns for the platform and the merit of optimizing the SBL system through cost engineering. The following studies studies were assessing the impact including the midcourse mission of BMD as a potential role for the SBL

Phase change materials and thermal energy storage for buildings

It is well known that there is a need to develop technologies to achieve thermal comfort in buildings lowering the cooling and heating demand. Research has shown that thermal energy storage (TES) is a way to do so, but also other purposes can be pursued when using TES in buildings, such as peak shaving or increase of energy efficiency in HVAC systems. This paper reviews TES in buildings using sensible, latent heat and thermochemical energy storage. Sustainable heating and cooling with TES in buildings can be achieved through passive systems in building envelopes, Phase Change Materials (PCM) in active systems, sorption systems, and seasonal storage.The work partially funded by the Spanish government (ENE2011-22722 and ULLE10-4E-1305). The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2014 SGR 123). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 (INNOSTORAGE). Alvaro de Gracia would like to thank Education Ministry of Chile for Grant PMI ANT1201