Muerte súbita en el deporte, propuesta de intervención temprana

Sudden death during sports practice, although the rates are not high, it has occurred in healthy athletes and even in high performance events. The main etiological characteristic is that it occurs due to cardiovascular diseases and due to congenital diseases. The main objective was to conduct a review of articles and trends in the management of patients with sudden death. For this, a specialized search was carried out in the PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, Redalyc and La Referencia databases; This allowed to identify a total of 43608 articles of which 29 were selected, which met the criteria. It is identified that the main cause is congenital heart disease in young athletes and atherosclerotic disease in adult athletes. Preventing these event is difficult, it is necessary to strengthen skills and abilities in first responders, on cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers and on the use of external autonomic defibrillators. A pesar de las bajas tasas de ocurrencia, la muerte súbita se produce en deportistas sanos e incluso en eventos deportivos de alto rendimiento a nivel mundial.  Su etiología se atribuye principalmente a enfermedades cardiovasculares y patologías congénitas.  El objetivo principal de este artículo es realizar una recopilación y revisión de artículos especializados para establecer el estado del arte en esta materia.  Una búsqueda especializada se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, Redalyc y La Referencia, identificando 43.608 artículos relacionados seleccionando 29 de ellos que cumplen ciertos criterios de selección adoptados. Finalmente, las principales causas, síntomas y factores desencadenantes de muerte súbita son identificados y analizados, y se describen los procedimientos orientados a la prevención y el manejo adecuado de estos eventos, así como el entrenamiento necesario de habilidades y destrezas dirigidos a los primeros respondientes.ABSTRACTDespite the low rates of occurrence, Sudden Death occurs in healthy athletes and even in high performance sports events worldwide. Its etiology is attributed mainly to cardiovascular diseases and congenital pathologies. The main objective of this article, is to compile and review specialized articles to establish the state-of-the-art in this matter.  A specialized search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, Redalyc and La Referencia databases, identifying 43.608 related articles, selecting 29 of them which meet certain adopted selection criteria.  Finally, the main causes, symptoms and trigger factors of Sudden Death are identified and analyzed, and the procedures oriented to prevention and proper management of these events, as well as the necessary training of capabilities and skills aimed at the first respondents, are described